在田间条件下,以多穗型品种济麦22(J22)和大穗型品种潍麦8号(WM8)为供试材料,设置3个水分处理:W0(全生育期不灌水);W1(拔节期70%,开花期70%);W2(拔节后8 d 70%,开花后8 d 70%)。采用测墒补灌的方法,研究了不同生育时期补灌对两个小麦品...在田间条件下,以多穗型品种济麦22(J22)和大穗型品种潍麦8号(WM8)为供试材料,设置3个水分处理:W0(全生育期不灌水);W1(拔节期70%,开花期70%);W2(拔节后8 d 70%,开花后8 d 70%)。采用测墒补灌的方法,研究了不同生育时期补灌对两个小麦品种耗水特性和氮素分配与转运的影响。结果表明,1)两品种灌水处理在成熟期子粒氮素积累量及分配比例、开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转移量和转移率均显著高于不灌水处理(W0)。济麦22 W2处理的成熟期氮素向子粒中分配的比例、开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转运量和转移率高于W1处理,潍麦8号则表现相反。2)两品种W2在开花至成熟期的耗水量高于W0和W1处理。济麦22各处理的总耗水量均低于潍麦8号,降水量占总耗水量比例高于潍麦8号;W2处理下,灌水量和降水量占总耗水量比例高于潍麦8号。3)在本试验条件下,济麦22和潍麦8号分别为W2和W1处理获得各品种较高子粒产量、水分利用效率、氮肥生产效率、氮素吸收效率及氮素收获指数,济麦22各处理子粒产量和水分利用效率均高于潍麦8号,是兼顾高产和节水的小麦品种。展开更多
The objective of this study was to characterize yellow （stripe） rust resistance gene（s） in 52 commercial wheat cultivars from Yunnan Province in China, and to provide information for their rational deployment in f...The objective of this study was to characterize yellow （stripe） rust resistance gene（s） in 52 commercial wheat cultivars from Yunnan Province in China, and to provide information for their rational deployment in field. Seedlings of wheat cultivars were inoculated with 25 differential isolates ofPuccinia striiformis from foreign and home to postulate resistance genes to yellow rust, and then validated by pedigree. There were 10 probable resistance genes characterized in these cultivars, in which, Yr9 was most commonly postulated to be present in thirteen cultivars. Yr21, the second, was present in four cultivars. Yr8, the third, were present in three cultivars. Yr6, Yrl 7 and Yr26, the fourth, was present in two cultivars respectively. The other gene（s） such as, Yr2＋YrA, Yr7 and Yr27, were only present in single cultivar（s）; unknown gene（s） or gene（s） combination（s） were present in 22 cultivars. One cultivar （Yunmai 42） had no resistance gene tested in this study. Cultivars such as Yunmai 52, Mian 1971-98, Kunmai 4, and Yunmai 56 carried effective genes and can be popularized mainly; Yr9 should be planted with other Yr genes. In the meantime other effective genes should be introduced to realize gene diversity for controlling wheat yellow rust. Yunmai 42 should be reduced to avoid rust breakout. Unknown gene cultivars should be utilized and be researched deeply.展开更多
为探讨2010-2011年度四川、甘肃、河北、河南四省参加区试的小麦品种的遗传多样性和抗条锈性,采用亲缘系数(coefficient of parentage,COP)对92个供试小麦品种进行遗传多样性分析,利用各品种组合间的COP值进行聚类分析;对供试小麦品种...为探讨2010-2011年度四川、甘肃、河北、河南四省参加区试的小麦品种的遗传多样性和抗条锈性,采用亲缘系数(coefficient of parentage,COP)对92个供试小麦品种进行遗传多样性分析,利用各品种组合间的COP值进行聚类分析;对供试小麦品种接种条锈混合菌系CYR33、CYR32、CYR31、CYR30、CYR29、CYR17、Su-1和V26进行抗条锈性鉴定。结果表明,供试的92个品种的4 186对组合中,约14.76%的品种间存在遗传相似性,所有供试品种的COP值在0.0000～0.750 0之间,亲缘系数总和为95.793 9,平均值仅为0.022 9,通过对COP值的聚类分析,将供试材料分为8大类,聚为一类的大多数品种抗病性相似,说明其骨干亲本的抗病性被很好地遗传了;甘肃、四川品种对小麦条锈病的抗性较强,河南、河北品种相对较弱。表明甘肃、四川品种的遗传多样性相对较高,河南品种的遗传多样性相对较低。展开更多
文摘在田间条件下,以多穗型品种济麦22(J22)和大穗型品种潍麦8号(WM8)为供试材料,设置3个水分处理:W0(全生育期不灌水);W1(拔节期70%,开花期70%);W2(拔节后8 d 70%,开花后8 d 70%)。采用测墒补灌的方法,研究了不同生育时期补灌对两个小麦品种耗水特性和氮素分配与转运的影响。结果表明,1)两品种灌水处理在成熟期子粒氮素积累量及分配比例、开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转移量和转移率均显著高于不灌水处理(W0)。济麦22 W2处理的成熟期氮素向子粒中分配的比例、开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转运量和转移率高于W1处理,潍麦8号则表现相反。2)两品种W2在开花至成熟期的耗水量高于W0和W1处理。济麦22各处理的总耗水量均低于潍麦8号,降水量占总耗水量比例高于潍麦8号;W2处理下,灌水量和降水量占总耗水量比例高于潍麦8号。3)在本试验条件下,济麦22和潍麦8号分别为W2和W1处理获得各品种较高子粒产量、水分利用效率、氮肥生产效率、氮素吸收效率及氮素收获指数,济麦22各处理子粒产量和水分利用效率均高于潍麦8号,是兼顾高产和节水的小麦品种。
基金support by the Ministry of Science and Technology,China (2011CB100403)the Ministry of Agriculture,China (200903035)the Special Project from State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Chinese Academy of Agricltural Sciences (SKL2009OP09)
文摘The objective of this study was to characterize yellow （stripe） rust resistance gene（s） in 52 commercial wheat cultivars from Yunnan Province in China, and to provide information for their rational deployment in field. Seedlings of wheat cultivars were inoculated with 25 differential isolates ofPuccinia striiformis from foreign and home to postulate resistance genes to yellow rust, and then validated by pedigree. There were 10 probable resistance genes characterized in these cultivars, in which, Yr9 was most commonly postulated to be present in thirteen cultivars. Yr21, the second, was present in four cultivars. Yr8, the third, were present in three cultivars. Yr6, Yrl 7 and Yr26, the fourth, was present in two cultivars respectively. The other gene（s） such as, Yr2＋YrA, Yr7 and Yr27, were only present in single cultivar（s）; unknown gene（s） or gene（s） combination（s） were present in 22 cultivars. One cultivar （Yunmai 42） had no resistance gene tested in this study. Cultivars such as Yunmai 52, Mian 1971-98, Kunmai 4, and Yunmai 56 carried effective genes and can be popularized mainly; Yr9 should be planted with other Yr genes. In the meantime other effective genes should be introduced to realize gene diversity for controlling wheat yellow rust. Yunmai 42 should be reduced to avoid rust breakout. Unknown gene cultivars should be utilized and be researched deeply.
