The welding deviation detection is the basis of robotic tracking welding, but the on-line real-time measurement of welding deviation is still not well solved by the existing methods. There is plenty of information in ...The welding deviation detection is the basis of robotic tracking welding, but the on-line real-time measurement of welding deviation is still not well solved by the existing methods. There is plenty of information in the gas metal arc welding（GMAW） molten pool images that is very important for the control of welding seam tracking. The physical meaning for the curvature extremum of molten pool contour is revealed by researching the molten pool images, that is, the deviation information points of welding wire center and the molten tip center are the maxima and the local maxima of the contour curvature, and the horizontal welding deviation is the position difference of these two extremum points. A new method of weld deviation detection is presented, including the process of preprocessing molten pool images, extracting and segmenting the contours, obtaining the contour extremum points, and calculating the welding deviation, etc. Extracting the contours is the premise, segmenting the contour lines is the foundation, and obtaining the contour extremum points is the key. The contour images can be extracted with the method of discrete dyadic wavelet transform, which is divided into two sub contours including welding wire and molten tip separately. The curvature value of each point of the two sub contour lines is calculated based on the approximate curvature formula of multi-points for plane curve, and the two points of the curvature extremum are the characteristics needed for the welding deviation calculation. The results of the tests and analyses show that the maximum error of the obtained on-line welding deviation is 2 pixels（0.16 ram）, and the algorithm is stable enough to meet the requirements of the pipeline in real-time control at a speed of less than 500 mm/min. The method can be applied to the on-line automatic welding deviation detection.展开更多
通过对管道全位置熔化极气体保护焊(gas metal arc welding,GMAW)熔池图像的研究分析,发现并验证了其根焊熔池图像尖端与焊缝坡口中心位置重合的现象,依据此规律性特征,提出了一种基于熔池图像尖端信息的焊接偏差测定方法.该方法的基本...通过对管道全位置熔化极气体保护焊(gas metal arc welding,GMAW)熔池图像的研究分析,发现并验证了其根焊熔池图像尖端与焊缝坡口中心位置重合的现象,依据此规律性特征,提出了一种基于熔池图像尖端信息的焊接偏差测定方法.该方法的基本原理是,在对焊接过程熔池CCD图像进行中值滤波、小波变换、连通区域分割等图像处理后,以搜索算法测得的根焊熔池图像尖端位置信息作为焊缝坡口中心位置的坐标值,此值与焊丝中心坐标值之差即为焊接偏差量.试验证明,此方法能从根焊熔池图像中实时测定焊接偏差量,为实现机器人自动焊缝跟踪控制提供了可靠依据.展开更多
在熔化极气体保护焊(gas metal welding,GMAW)焊接过程中,由于弧光干扰严重,视觉系统难以同时准确提取焊缝和焊丝尖端,从而影响焊缝跟踪的精度.针对这个问题,提出一种定位焊枪中心来替代定位焊丝尖端的焊接偏差测定方法,并对该方法进行...在熔化极气体保护焊(gas metal welding,GMAW)焊接过程中,由于弧光干扰严重,视觉系统难以同时准确提取焊缝和焊丝尖端,从而影响焊缝跟踪的精度.针对这个问题,提出一种定位焊枪中心来替代定位焊丝尖端的焊接偏差测定方法,并对该方法进行了可行性论证.首先,在增强熔池图像中的焊缝、焊枪边缘轮廓信息后,设置矩形窗获得边缘采样点.然后,使用聚类算法筛选出正确的边缘采样点,根据采样点利用最小二乘法拟合出焊缝直线和焊枪椭圆方程.最后,计算当前图像焊枪中心与焊缝直线的距离,与基准图像中的对应距离进行比较,测定出焊枪位置偏差量和焊枪摆幅偏差量.实际验证结果表明,焊枪中心与焊丝尖端的替代误差在0.2 mm以内,满足跟踪精度要求,具有较强的工程实际意义.展开更多
Four tools with different pin centerline deviations were fabricated to friction stir weld(FSW)thick plates of Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloys.The results show that,compared with the pin without pin centerline deviation,the applyin...Four tools with different pin centerline deviations were fabricated to friction stir weld(FSW)thick plates of Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloys.The results show that,compared with the pin without pin centerline deviation,the applying of pin centerline deviation is favorable to improve the flowability of plastic material,enlarging the size of nugget zone,refining the grains and reprecipitated phase particles,enhancing the degrees of dynamic recrystallization and quantity of high angle grain boundaries owing to higher temperature and bigger eccentric force,resulting in the increase of strain hardening.Especially for the used pin with a centerline deviation of 0.2 mm,the highest average hardness and best metallurgical properties of thick FSW joints are produced,and which are consistent with the microstructure evolution and recrystallization behavior.Moreover,the fracture mode of the joints produced by the pins with centerline deviation from 0 mm to 0.3 mm changes gradually from a brittle fracture in the nugget zone(NZ)to a ductile failure in the HAZ.展开更多
A geometric model was built to represent the position relation of a wheeled mobile robot relative to a pipe. The relationship between the deviation of falling off for the robot and the curvature of the pipe was formul...A geometric model was built to represent the position relation of a wheeled mobile robot relative to a pipe. The relationship between the deviation of falling off for the robot and the curvature of the pipe was formulated quantitatively. Based on the relationship, a mathematical model was derived and a fuzzy control algorithm for the robot was developed. Simulations were carried out to confirm the dynamic index and the validity of the mathematical model of the fuzzy control algorithm for seam tracking of pipe welding. Experiments for pipe welding with the mobile robot were also carried out to verify the algorithm, and the results showed that the seam has a good quality with a preferable appearance of weld.展开更多
An experimental study was undertaken to express the hardening Swift law according to friction stir welding （FSW） aluminum alloy 2017. Tensile tests of welded joints were run in accordance with face centered composit...An experimental study was undertaken to express the hardening Swift law according to friction stir welding （FSW） aluminum alloy 2017. Tensile tests of welded joints were run in accordance with face centered composite design. Two types of identified models based on least square method and response surface method were used to assess the contribution of FSW independent factors on the hardening parameters. These models were introduced into finite-element code ＂Abaqus＂ to simulate tensile tests of welded joints. The relative average deviation criterion, between the experimental data and the numerical simulations of tension-elongation of tensile tests, shows good agreement between the experimental results and the predicted hardening models. These results can be used to perform multi-criteria optimization for carrying out specific welds or conducting numerical simulation of plastic deformation of forming process of FSW parts such as hydroforming, bending and forging.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51275051,51505035)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2009AA04Z208)Beijing Education Commission Innovation Ability Upgrade Program of China(Grant No.TJSHG201510017023)
文摘The welding deviation detection is the basis of robotic tracking welding, but the on-line real-time measurement of welding deviation is still not well solved by the existing methods. There is plenty of information in the gas metal arc welding（GMAW） molten pool images that is very important for the control of welding seam tracking. The physical meaning for the curvature extremum of molten pool contour is revealed by researching the molten pool images, that is, the deviation information points of welding wire center and the molten tip center are the maxima and the local maxima of the contour curvature, and the horizontal welding deviation is the position difference of these two extremum points. A new method of weld deviation detection is presented, including the process of preprocessing molten pool images, extracting and segmenting the contours, obtaining the contour extremum points, and calculating the welding deviation, etc. Extracting the contours is the premise, segmenting the contour lines is the foundation, and obtaining the contour extremum points is the key. The contour images can be extracted with the method of discrete dyadic wavelet transform, which is divided into two sub contours including welding wire and molten tip separately. The curvature value of each point of the two sub contour lines is calculated based on the approximate curvature formula of multi-points for plane curve, and the two points of the curvature extremum are the characteristics needed for the welding deviation calculation. The results of the tests and analyses show that the maximum error of the obtained on-line welding deviation is 2 pixels（0.16 ram）, and the algorithm is stable enough to meet the requirements of the pipeline in real-time control at a speed of less than 500 mm/min. The method can be applied to the on-line automatic welding deviation detection.
文摘通过对管道全位置熔化极气体保护焊(gas metal arc welding,GMAW)熔池图像的研究分析,发现并验证了其根焊熔池图像尖端与焊缝坡口中心位置重合的现象,依据此规律性特征,提出了一种基于熔池图像尖端信息的焊接偏差测定方法.该方法的基本原理是,在对焊接过程熔池CCD图像进行中值滤波、小波变换、连通区域分割等图像处理后,以搜索算法测得的根焊熔池图像尖端位置信息作为焊缝坡口中心位置的坐标值,此值与焊丝中心坐标值之差即为焊接偏差量.试验证明,此方法能从根焊熔池图像中实时测定焊接偏差量,为实现机器人自动焊缝跟踪控制提供了可靠依据.
文摘在熔化极气体保护焊(gas metal welding,GMAW)焊接过程中,由于弧光干扰严重,视觉系统难以同时准确提取焊缝和焊丝尖端,从而影响焊缝跟踪的精度.针对这个问题,提出一种定位焊枪中心来替代定位焊丝尖端的焊接偏差测定方法,并对该方法进行了可行性论证.首先,在增强熔池图像中的焊缝、焊枪边缘轮廓信息后,设置矩形窗获得边缘采样点.然后,使用聚类算法筛选出正确的边缘采样点,根据采样点利用最小二乘法拟合出焊缝直线和焊枪椭圆方程.最后,计算当前图像焊枪中心与焊缝直线的距离,与基准图像中的对应距离进行比较,测定出焊枪位置偏差量和焊枪摆幅偏差量.实际验证结果表明,焊枪中心与焊丝尖端的替代误差在0.2 mm以内,满足跟踪精度要求,具有较强的工程实际意义.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.52164045,52005240,51874179,51865035)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Jiangxi Province of China(No.20202BAB214019)the Key Laboratory Fund Project(No.EG202080409)。
文摘Four tools with different pin centerline deviations were fabricated to friction stir weld(FSW)thick plates of Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloys.The results show that,compared with the pin without pin centerline deviation,the applying of pin centerline deviation is favorable to improve the flowability of plastic material,enlarging the size of nugget zone,refining the grains and reprecipitated phase particles,enhancing the degrees of dynamic recrystallization and quantity of high angle grain boundaries owing to higher temperature and bigger eccentric force,resulting in the increase of strain hardening.Especially for the used pin with a centerline deviation of 0.2 mm,the highest average hardness and best metallurgical properties of thick FSW joints are produced,and which are consistent with the microstructure evolution and recrystallization behavior.Moreover,the fracture mode of the joints produced by the pins with centerline deviation from 0 mm to 0.3 mm changes gradually from a brittle fracture in the nugget zone(NZ)to a ductile failure in the HAZ.
基金This paper is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （ Grant No. 51275051 ）, the innovation and improvement plan of Beijing Education Commission （Grant No. TJSHG201510017023 ）
文摘A geometric model was built to represent the position relation of a wheeled mobile robot relative to a pipe. The relationship between the deviation of falling off for the robot and the curvature of the pipe was formulated quantitatively. Based on the relationship, a mathematical model was derived and a fuzzy control algorithm for the robot was developed. Simulations were carried out to confirm the dynamic index and the validity of the mathematical model of the fuzzy control algorithm for seam tracking of pipe welding. Experiments for pipe welding with the mobile robot were also carried out to verify the algorithm, and the results showed that the seam has a good quality with a preferable appearance of weld.
文摘An experimental study was undertaken to express the hardening Swift law according to friction stir welding （FSW） aluminum alloy 2017. Tensile tests of welded joints were run in accordance with face centered composite design. Two types of identified models based on least square method and response surface method were used to assess the contribution of FSW independent factors on the hardening parameters. These models were introduced into finite-element code ＂Abaqus＂ to simulate tensile tests of welded joints. The relative average deviation criterion, between the experimental data and the numerical simulations of tension-elongation of tensile tests, shows good agreement between the experimental results and the predicted hardening models. These results can be used to perform multi-criteria optimization for carrying out specific welds or conducting numerical simulation of plastic deformation of forming process of FSW parts such as hydroforming, bending and forging.
