Increasing greening of planet Earth to slow down the rise of atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations is certainly desirable;however,its consequences on water resources are less affirmative and thus are a matter of wide conc...Increasing greening of planet Earth to slow down the rise of atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations is certainly desirable;however,its consequences on water resources are less affirmative and thus are a matter of wide concern.China,as the largest and most successful country of the world in terms of artificial revegetation,is naturally the focus of the concerns and warnings.Based on previous studies,we analyzed the mechanism for the effects of climate and watershed characteristics on water resources,explained various hydrological results and phenomena,and considered the ways in which water consumption by artificial revegetation projects can be reduced.Moreover,some guidelines are suggested for artificial revegetation at watershed scale with consideration of water resource sustainability.The findings of this study highlight the need for more top-down approaches when studying the mechanism of"forest and water".展开更多
Water table configuration gives rise to hierarchically nested groundwater flow systems.However,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the controlling factors of water table and its impact on flo...Water table configuration gives rise to hierarchically nested groundwater flow systems.However,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the controlling factors of water table and its impact on flow systems.Moreover,it remains challenging to identify characteristics of water table space variation through limited groundwater observations at the regional scale.Based on two ideal two-dimensional cross-section analytical models,this study presents a simplified approach to preliminarily assess the nonlinear interactions between water table variation and three driving factors:Topography,geol-ogy and climate.Two criteria,C1 and C2,are utilized to address issues at different scales ranging from basin to local:(i)the influence of various factors on water table configuration;and(ii)the influence of water table on groundwater flow pattern.Then,the Ordos Plateau is taken as an example to explore the role of the water table in nested groundwater systems using the provided approach and criterion.The applica-tion of this approach in the Ordos Plateau demonstrates its appropriateness as a practical method for prelim-inarily determining the characteristics of water table configuration and its impact on flow systems.The study explores the mechanism influencing spatial variation in the water table and improves understanding of the interaction between topography,geology,and climate on groundwater flow patterns.展开更多
煤矿区深部含水层具有大埋深、高水压等特点,是深部煤层开采水害防范的主要对象。在分析深部矿井水害特征基础上,探讨了深部矿井地应力对裂隙水介质的力学作用机制,阐述了深部矿井裂隙水介质呈现“高承压、弱富水”的力学原因;基于古岩...煤矿区深部含水层具有大埋深、高水压等特点,是深部煤层开采水害防范的主要对象。在分析深部矿井水害特征基础上,探讨了深部矿井地应力对裂隙水介质的力学作用机制,阐述了深部矿井裂隙水介质呈现“高承压、弱富水”的力学原因;基于古岩溶成因演化理论,结合水文地质勘探和野外调查,分析探讨了华北型煤田奥陶纪石灰岩顶部“古风化壳”的岩溶充填结构特征,并将奥陶纪石灰岩顶部“古风化壳”划分为“隔水充填带、弱隔(透)水充填带、富(透)水带”3种岩溶充填结构类型,给出了各类型确定的关键指标和阈值,明确了奥陶纪灰岩顶部存在隔水层的理论依据。将深部矿井煤层开采底板突水划分为“完整底板突水模式”和“集中破碎带底板突水模式”,分析了深部煤层开采底板含水层高水压作用下沿用传统的突水系数法( T s 法)评价底板突水危险性的局限性,引入隔水层厚度( M )和含水层钻孔单位涌水量( q )2个指标,结合突水实例分析,提出了“修正的突水系数法”( T s -M-q 法,适用于完整底板突水模式);在实验和实例分析基础上,提出“渗-流转换”突水评价法(适用于集中破碎带底板突水模式)。最后,基于深部矿井水害特征及突水模式,结合深部含水介质赋存、构造发育特征和地应力场方向,阐述了深部矿井水害精准查治一体化勘探关键技术。展开更多
基金the High-end Talents Start-up Project of Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology(Grant No.20191040)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41890823,42071031,31770493)GDAS’s Special Project of Science and Development(Grant No.2019GDASYL-0104001)。
文摘Increasing greening of planet Earth to slow down the rise of atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations is certainly desirable;however,its consequences on water resources are less affirmative and thus are a matter of wide concern.China,as the largest and most successful country of the world in terms of artificial revegetation,is naturally the focus of the concerns and warnings.Based on previous studies,we analyzed the mechanism for the effects of climate and watershed characteristics on water resources,explained various hydrological results and phenomena,and considered the ways in which water consumption by artificial revegetation projects can be reduced.Moreover,some guidelines are suggested for artificial revegetation at watershed scale with consideration of water resource sustainability.The findings of this study highlight the need for more top-down approaches when studying the mechanism of"forest and water".
基金funded by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Program(2021GG0198)Shaanxi Science,Technology Department(No.2021ZDLSF05-01,2022SF-327)China Geological Survey(DD20190351,DD20221751).
文摘Water table configuration gives rise to hierarchically nested groundwater flow systems.However,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the controlling factors of water table and its impact on flow systems.Moreover,it remains challenging to identify characteristics of water table space variation through limited groundwater observations at the regional scale.Based on two ideal two-dimensional cross-section analytical models,this study presents a simplified approach to preliminarily assess the nonlinear interactions between water table variation and three driving factors:Topography,geol-ogy and climate.Two criteria,C1 and C2,are utilized to address issues at different scales ranging from basin to local:(i)the influence of various factors on water table configuration;and(ii)the influence of water table on groundwater flow pattern.Then,the Ordos Plateau is taken as an example to explore the role of the water table in nested groundwater systems using the provided approach and criterion.The applica-tion of this approach in the Ordos Plateau demonstrates its appropriateness as a practical method for prelim-inarily determining the characteristics of water table configuration and its impact on flow systems.The study explores the mechanism influencing spatial variation in the water table and improves understanding of the interaction between topography,geology,and climate on groundwater flow patterns.
文摘煤矿区深部含水层具有大埋深、高水压等特点,是深部煤层开采水害防范的主要对象。在分析深部矿井水害特征基础上,探讨了深部矿井地应力对裂隙水介质的力学作用机制,阐述了深部矿井裂隙水介质呈现“高承压、弱富水”的力学原因;基于古岩溶成因演化理论,结合水文地质勘探和野外调查,分析探讨了华北型煤田奥陶纪石灰岩顶部“古风化壳”的岩溶充填结构特征,并将奥陶纪石灰岩顶部“古风化壳”划分为“隔水充填带、弱隔(透)水充填带、富(透)水带”3种岩溶充填结构类型,给出了各类型确定的关键指标和阈值,明确了奥陶纪灰岩顶部存在隔水层的理论依据。将深部矿井煤层开采底板突水划分为“完整底板突水模式”和“集中破碎带底板突水模式”,分析了深部煤层开采底板含水层高水压作用下沿用传统的突水系数法( T s 法)评价底板突水危险性的局限性,引入隔水层厚度( M )和含水层钻孔单位涌水量( q )2个指标,结合突水实例分析,提出了“修正的突水系数法”( T s -M-q 法,适用于完整底板突水模式);在实验和实例分析基础上,提出“渗-流转换”突水评价法(适用于集中破碎带底板突水模式)。最后,基于深部矿井水害特征及突水模式,结合深部含水介质赋存、构造发育特征和地应力场方向,阐述了深部矿井水害精准查治一体化勘探关键技术。
