To investigate the influence of drainage conditions on stress relaxation characteristics of warm frozen soil, a series of laboratory tests were carried out under drained and undrained conditions. The results indicate ...To investigate the influence of drainage conditions on stress relaxation characteristics of warm frozen soil, a series of laboratory tests were carried out under drained and undrained conditions. The results indicate that confining pressure obviously influences the relaxation process of warm frozen soil. Under undrained condition, with increase in confining pressure, the critical relaxation du- ration tends to grow as well as instantaneous relaxation. But the relaxation rate is sensitive to confining pressure in the initial stage, and with further development, the effect tends to diminish. Under drained condition, the relaxation rate is greater than that under tmdrained condition in the initial stage but with the development of relaxation, the difference decreases. The volumetric defor- mation of warm frozen clay under drained condition is much larger than that under undrained condition.展开更多
The novel differential scanning calorimetry method for determining trapped water volume of human red blood cell during freezing process has been reexamined. Results show that the final erythrocyte volume is 53% of its...The novel differential scanning calorimetry method for determining trapped water volume of human red blood cell during freezing process has been reexamined. Results show that the final erythrocyte volume is 53% of its isotonic volume after freezing to -40℃. An electronic particle counter (MultisizerTM III, Beckman Coulter Inc., USA) was used to measure cell volume changes in response to hypertonic solution. Using this approach, when extracellular solution was 3186 mOsm, the equilibrium cell volume was found to be 57% of its isotonic value. Both results indicate that 34%—40% of intracellular water is trapped and cannot respond to osmotic difference between intra- and extracellular solution. These findings are consistent with the published data: at least 20%—32% of the isotonic cell water volume is retained within RBCs during freezing. Some applications of the values of trapped water are addressed.展开更多
The typical development of total volumetric change in the focal areas of seismic events,corresponding to destress blasting,is characterized as an explosive phase followed by an implosive phase and with alternating add...The typical development of total volumetric change in the focal areas of seismic events,corresponding to destress blasting,is characterized as an explosive phase followed by an implosive phase and with alternating additional phases following on from that.In a few cases,a non-typical development of volumetric change was identified,where the first phase was implosive and the second phase,explosive.This development is mainly typical for induced seismic events recorded during mining,not for destress blasting.Seismic events were recorded during longwall mining in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin,where the destress blasting technique is used as a rockburst prevention active measure.Kinematic source processes in the focal areas of selected seismic events were analyzed by the seismic moment tensor inversion method,as well as by studying geomechanical rock mass conditions at the localities of the seismic events.The main goal of the analysis was to attempt to identify the reasons for non-typical development of volumetric changes in these cases.Volumetric changes were analyzed for seismic events with energy greater than 104 J,recorded in the period of time from 1993 to 2009(1109 events).80%(891)of the recorded seismic events were induced seismic events that were registered during longwall mining and 20%(218)corresponded to destress blasting events.Research shows that the main reason for the non-typical development of volumetric changes in the focal areas of seismic events is an association with destress blasting in the rock mass,which is very close to rock mass overstressing.The detonation of explosives in boreholes,which would dominate the first phase of volumetric changes,probably obscured stress release in the rock mass,as manifested in the first implosion phase of the volumetric changes in this case.展开更多
在低围压90、120、240 k Pa和相对中高围压600、900、1 200 k Pa的条件下,对原状土、重金属污染土与添加有机固化剂(环氧固化剂1.5%、环氧固化促进剂2.6%、稀释剂1.0%)的重金属污染土试样进行了三轴固结排水剪切对比试验,并绘制了3种土...在低围压90、120、240 k Pa和相对中高围压600、900、1 200 k Pa的条件下,对原状土、重金属污染土与添加有机固化剂(环氧固化剂1.5%、环氧固化促进剂2.6%、稀释剂1.0%)的重金属污染土试样进行了三轴固结排水剪切对比试验,并绘制了3种土样的力学体变特性曲线.试验结果表明:添加有机固化剂能显著提高重金属污染土的强度,有效改善重金属污染土在低围压作用条件下体胀、中高围压下作用下体缩的力学特性.根据Pietruszczak硬化准则建立了重金属污染土的双屈服面体变本构模型,该模型克服了传统单曲面模型不能描述污染土体变临界状态的缺陷,较为合理地反映了重金属污染土的体变过程.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40871039)the 100 Young Talents Project granted to Dr.JiLin Qi
文摘To investigate the influence of drainage conditions on stress relaxation characteristics of warm frozen soil, a series of laboratory tests were carried out under drained and undrained conditions. The results indicate that confining pressure obviously influences the relaxation process of warm frozen soil. Under undrained condition, with increase in confining pressure, the critical relaxation du- ration tends to grow as well as instantaneous relaxation. But the relaxation rate is sensitive to confining pressure in the initial stage, and with further development, the effect tends to diminish. Under drained condition, the relaxation rate is greater than that under tmdrained condition in the initial stage but with the development of relaxation, the difference decreases. The volumetric defor- mation of warm frozen clay under drained condition is much larger than that under undrained condition.
文摘The novel differential scanning calorimetry method for determining trapped water volume of human red blood cell during freezing process has been reexamined. Results show that the final erythrocyte volume is 53% of its isotonic volume after freezing to -40℃. An electronic particle counter (MultisizerTM III, Beckman Coulter Inc., USA) was used to measure cell volume changes in response to hypertonic solution. Using this approach, when extracellular solution was 3186 mOsm, the equilibrium cell volume was found to be 57% of its isotonic value. Both results indicate that 34%—40% of intracellular water is trapped and cannot respond to osmotic difference between intra- and extracellular solution. These findings are consistent with the published data: at least 20%—32% of the isotonic cell water volume is retained within RBCs during freezing. Some applications of the values of trapped water are addressed.
基金the project of the Institute of Clean Technologies for Mining and Utilisation of Raw Materials for Energy Use–Sustainability Programme(No.LO1406)supported by a project for the long-term conceptual development of research organisations(No.RVO68145535)
文摘The typical development of total volumetric change in the focal areas of seismic events,corresponding to destress blasting,is characterized as an explosive phase followed by an implosive phase and with alternating additional phases following on from that.In a few cases,a non-typical development of volumetric change was identified,where the first phase was implosive and the second phase,explosive.This development is mainly typical for induced seismic events recorded during mining,not for destress blasting.Seismic events were recorded during longwall mining in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin,where the destress blasting technique is used as a rockburst prevention active measure.Kinematic source processes in the focal areas of selected seismic events were analyzed by the seismic moment tensor inversion method,as well as by studying geomechanical rock mass conditions at the localities of the seismic events.The main goal of the analysis was to attempt to identify the reasons for non-typical development of volumetric changes in these cases.Volumetric changes were analyzed for seismic events with energy greater than 104 J,recorded in the period of time from 1993 to 2009(1109 events).80%(891)of the recorded seismic events were induced seismic events that were registered during longwall mining and 20%(218)corresponded to destress blasting events.Research shows that the main reason for the non-typical development of volumetric changes in the focal areas of seismic events is an association with destress blasting in the rock mass,which is very close to rock mass overstressing.The detonation of explosives in boreholes,which would dominate the first phase of volumetric changes,probably obscured stress release in the rock mass,as manifested in the first implosion phase of the volumetric changes in this case.
文摘在低围压90、120、240 k Pa和相对中高围压600、900、1 200 k Pa的条件下,对原状土、重金属污染土与添加有机固化剂(环氧固化剂1.5%、环氧固化促进剂2.6%、稀释剂1.0%)的重金属污染土试样进行了三轴固结排水剪切对比试验,并绘制了3种土样的力学体变特性曲线.试验结果表明:添加有机固化剂能显著提高重金属污染土的强度,有效改善重金属污染土在低围压作用条件下体胀、中高围压下作用下体缩的力学特性.根据Pietruszczak硬化准则建立了重金属污染土的双屈服面体变本构模型,该模型克服了传统单曲面模型不能描述污染土体变临界状态的缺陷,较为合理地反映了重金属污染土的体变过程.
