Based on 310 horizontal-component digital seismograms recorded at 14 seismic stations in Shanxi Digital Seis-mograph Network, the inelastic attenuation coefficient in Shanxi region is studied. By the methods of Atkins...Based on 310 horizontal-component digital seismograms recorded at 14 seismic stations in Shanxi Digital Seis-mograph Network, the inelastic attenuation coefficient in Shanxi region is studied. By the methods of Atkinson and Moya, the site response of each station and several source parameters are obtained and the inversion results from both methods are compared and analyzed. The frequency-dependent inelastic attenuation coefficient Q is estimated as Q( f )=323.2 f 0.506. The site responses of 14 seismic stations do not show significant amplification, which is consistent with their basement on rock. We also found the dependence of corner frequency on seismic moment, seismic moment on stress drop, source radius on stress drop.展开更多
Protein sources are the second most important component in poultry diets.Due to the fluctuation in price of soybean meal(SBM) and persistent increase in feed prices,nutritionists have been exploring alternative protei...Protein sources are the second most important component in poultry diets.Due to the fluctuation in price of soybean meal(SBM) and persistent increase in feed prices,nutritionists have been exploring alternative protein sources.Replacement of SBM with alternative protein sources in poultry diets could reduce human-live stock competition for soybean and support the production of more animal protein.However,the use of alternative protein sources is limited to low inclusion due to the presence of antinutritional factors(ANF) such as glucosinolates(rapeseed meal),gossypol(cottonseed meal),nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP) in lupin flour,high fibre(palm kernel cake),total phenolic contents and phytic acid(canola meal) known to impair animal performance,nutrient digestibility and feed utilization.As a processing technique,solid-state fermentation(SSF) has been researched for a long time in the food industry.An important objective of SSF is the production of enzymes,organic acids and other metabolites of economic importance.In recent times,SSF has been employed to enhance nutrient bioavailability,inhibit gut pathogenic bacteria and reduce ANF in plant protein sources resulting in improved nutrient digestibility,thereby improving performance and gut health of broiler chickens.Unlike pigs,there is still a dearth of information on feeding solid-state fermented feed ingredients to broiler chickens.This review aims to describe the nutritional value of the solid-state fermented products of rapeseed meal,canola meal,cottonseed meal,palm kernel cake and lupin flour on performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens.展开更多
The efficiency of an optimization method for acoustic emission/microseismic（AE/MS） source location is determined by the compatibility of its error definition with the errors contained in the input data.This compatib...The efficiency of an optimization method for acoustic emission/microseismic（AE/MS） source location is determined by the compatibility of its error definition with the errors contained in the input data.This compatibility can be examined in terms of the distribution of station residuals.For an ideal distribution,the input error is held at the station where it takes place as the station residual and the error is not permitted to spread to other stations.A comparison study of two optimization methods,namely the least squares method and the absolute value method,shows that the distribution with this character constrains the input errors and minimizes their impact,which explains the much more robust performance by the absolute value method in dealing with large and isolated input errors.When the errors in the input data are systematic and/or extreme in that the basic data structure is altered by these errors,none of the optimization methods are able to function.The only means to resolve this problem is the early detection and correction of these errors through a data screening process.An efficient data screening process is of primary importance for AE/MS source location.In addition to its critical role in dealing with those systematic and extreme errors,data screening creates a favorable environment for applying optimization methods.展开更多
National key eco-function zones for water and soil conservation are exceptionally fragile areas in terms of their eco-environments and are also severely affected by water and soil loss. They have been a focus of atten...National key eco-function zones for water and soil conservation are exceptionally fragile areas in terms of their eco-environments and are also severely affected by water and soil loss. They have been a focus of attention from all sectors of society. This research assesses important ecosystem service functions and their values using such indexes as NPP, soil conservation quantity and water conservation quantity. The result indicates that the ecosystem services of China＇s eco-function zones for water and soil conservation are worth 3268.90×10^8 CNY in total, of which organic matter production accounts for 530.96×10^8 CNY, nutrient substance circulation and storage 301.91×10^8 CNY, carbon fixation and oxygen release 1616.16×10^8 CNY, soil conservation 442.70×10^8 CNY and water source conservation 816.20×10^8 CNY. Of the four functional zones, the Guangxi-Guizhou-Yunnan Area registers the highest value of 1551.30×10^8 CNY, and the Three Gorges Reservoir Area the lowest value of 448.15×10^8CNY. In terms of ecosystem service value per unit of area, the Guangxi-Guizhou-Yunnan Area takes the first place, followed by Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Dabie Mountain Area, which are roughly equivalent, and finally the Loess Plateau Area is at the bottom.展开更多
基金National Scientific Research Target Project of China (2001-BA601B01-01-05) during the tenth Five-year Plan.
文摘Based on 310 horizontal-component digital seismograms recorded at 14 seismic stations in Shanxi Digital Seis-mograph Network, the inelastic attenuation coefficient in Shanxi region is studied. By the methods of Atkinson and Moya, the site response of each station and several source parameters are obtained and the inversion results from both methods are compared and analyzed. The frequency-dependent inelastic attenuation coefficient Q is estimated as Q( f )=323.2 f 0.506. The site responses of 14 seismic stations do not show significant amplification, which is consistent with their basement on rock. We also found the dependence of corner frequency on seismic moment, seismic moment on stress drop, source radius on stress drop.
基金the support of the University of Queensland,Brisbane,AustraliaThe scholarship support through the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.
文摘Protein sources are the second most important component in poultry diets.Due to the fluctuation in price of soybean meal(SBM) and persistent increase in feed prices,nutritionists have been exploring alternative protein sources.Replacement of SBM with alternative protein sources in poultry diets could reduce human-live stock competition for soybean and support the production of more animal protein.However,the use of alternative protein sources is limited to low inclusion due to the presence of antinutritional factors(ANF) such as glucosinolates(rapeseed meal),gossypol(cottonseed meal),nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP) in lupin flour,high fibre(palm kernel cake),total phenolic contents and phytic acid(canola meal) known to impair animal performance,nutrient digestibility and feed utilization.As a processing technique,solid-state fermentation(SSF) has been researched for a long time in the food industry.An important objective of SSF is the production of enzymes,organic acids and other metabolites of economic importance.In recent times,SSF has been employed to enhance nutrient bioavailability,inhibit gut pathogenic bacteria and reduce ANF in plant protein sources resulting in improved nutrient digestibility,thereby improving performance and gut health of broiler chickens.Unlike pigs,there is still a dearth of information on feeding solid-state fermented feed ingredients to broiler chickens.This review aims to describe the nutritional value of the solid-state fermented products of rapeseed meal,canola meal,cottonseed meal,palm kernel cake and lupin flour on performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens.
文摘The efficiency of an optimization method for acoustic emission/microseismic（AE/MS） source location is determined by the compatibility of its error definition with the errors contained in the input data.This compatibility can be examined in terms of the distribution of station residuals.For an ideal distribution,the input error is held at the station where it takes place as the station residual and the error is not permitted to spread to other stations.A comparison study of two optimization methods,namely the least squares method and the absolute value method,shows that the distribution with this character constrains the input errors and minimizes their impact,which explains the much more robust performance by the absolute value method in dealing with large and isolated input errors.When the errors in the input data are systematic and/or extreme in that the basic data structure is altered by these errors,none of the optimization methods are able to function.The only means to resolve this problem is the early detection and correction of these errors through a data screening process.An efficient data screening process is of primary importance for AE/MS source location.In addition to its critical role in dealing with those systematic and extreme errors,data screening creates a favorable environment for applying optimization methods.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41371486)National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0503706,2016YFC0503403)
文摘National key eco-function zones for water and soil conservation are exceptionally fragile areas in terms of their eco-environments and are also severely affected by water and soil loss. They have been a focus of attention from all sectors of society. This research assesses important ecosystem service functions and their values using such indexes as NPP, soil conservation quantity and water conservation quantity. The result indicates that the ecosystem services of China＇s eco-function zones for water and soil conservation are worth 3268.90×10^8 CNY in total, of which organic matter production accounts for 530.96×10^8 CNY, nutrient substance circulation and storage 301.91×10^8 CNY, carbon fixation and oxygen release 1616.16×10^8 CNY, soil conservation 442.70×10^8 CNY and water source conservation 816.20×10^8 CNY. Of the four functional zones, the Guangxi-Guizhou-Yunnan Area registers the highest value of 1551.30×10^8 CNY, and the Three Gorges Reservoir Area the lowest value of 448.15×10^8CNY. In terms of ecosystem service value per unit of area, the Guangxi-Guizhou-Yunnan Area takes the first place, followed by Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Dabie Mountain Area, which are roughly equivalent, and finally the Loess Plateau Area is at the bottom.
