The effect of external roof shading on the spatial distribution of air temperature and relative humidity in a greenhouse(Tin and RHin) was evaluated under the arid climatic conditions of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Two...The effect of external roof shading on the spatial distribution of air temperature and relative humidity in a greenhouse(Tin and RHin) was evaluated under the arid climatic conditions of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Two identical, evaporatively-cooled, single-span greenhouses were used in the experiment. One greenhouse was externally shaded(Gs) using a movable black plastic net(30% transmissivity), and the other greenhouse was kept without shading(Gc). Strawberry plants were cultivated in both greenhouses. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the Tin and RHin was significantly affected by the outside solar radiation and evaporative cooling operation. The regression analysis showed that when the outside solar radiation intensity increased from 200 to 800 W m–2, the Tin increased by 4.5℃ in the Gc and 2℃in the Gs, while the RHin decreased by 15% in the Gc and 5% in the Gs, respectively. Compared with those in the Gc, more uniformity in the spatial distribution of the Tin and RHin was observed in the Gs. The difference between the maximum and minimum Tin of 6.4℃ and the RHin of 10% was lower in the Gs than those in the Gc during the early morning. Around 2℃ difference in the Tin was shown between the area closed to the exhausted fans and the area closed to the cooling pad with the external shading. In an evaporatively-cooled greenhouse in arid regions, the variation of the Tin and RHin in the vertical direction and along the sidewalls was much higher than that in the horizontal direction. The average variation of the Tin and RHin in the vertical direction was 5.2℃ and 10% in the Gc and 5.5℃ and 13% in the Gs, respectively. The external shading improved the spatial distribution of the Tin and RHin and improved the cooling efficiency of the evaporative cooling system by 12%, since the transmitted solar radiation and accumulated thermal energy in the greenhouse were significantly reduced.展开更多
为了解不同因素对微喷头水力性能及喷灌组合均匀性的影响,分别研究了喷嘴直径1.2和1.4 mm的微喷头在工作压力为250,300和350 k Pa下流量、射程、水量分布和喷灌组合均匀性系数变化规律.结果表明:喷嘴直径为1.2 mm的喷头,流量系数为0.005...为了解不同因素对微喷头水力性能及喷灌组合均匀性的影响,分别研究了喷嘴直径1.2和1.4 mm的微喷头在工作压力为250,300和350 k Pa下流量、射程、水量分布和喷灌组合均匀性系数变化规律.结果表明:喷嘴直径为1.2 mm的喷头,流量系数为0.005 9;喷嘴直径为1.4mm的喷头,流量系数为0.005 2;工作压力分别为250,300和350 k Pa下,1.4 mm喷嘴直径相比1.2 mm喷嘴直径流量分别增加5.0%,2.4%和3.0%,射程分别增加11%,8%和14%.距喷头距离近处,喷灌强度随着工作压力增大而增大;分别得到喷嘴直径为1.2和1.4 mm的微喷头喷灌强度、距喷头距离和工作压力之间的关系多项式;对于工作范围较小的微喷头,喷嘴直径对于射程影响较大;在相同工作压力下,组合喷灌均匀系数随喷头间距增加而减小,通过计算组合均匀系数发现喷嘴直径1.4 mm的微喷头在300 k Pa下,组合间距为1.0R时,喷灌均匀度最高.展开更多
The spatial distribution of Electron Cyclotron Resonance （ECR） plasma in the ECRPlasma Enhanced Metalorganic Chemical Vapour Deposition （ECR-PECVD） reaction chamber is diagnosed by a Langmuir probe. The uniformity...The spatial distribution of Electron Cyclotron Resonance （ECR） plasma in the ECRPlasma Enhanced Metalorganic Chemical Vapour Deposition （ECR-PECVD） reaction chamber is diagnosed by a Langmuir probe. The uniformity is also investigated. The results show that the ECR plasma in the upper region of the reaction chamber under the influence of magnetic field has poor radial and axial uniformity. However, the plasma in the downstream region of the reaction chamber has fine radial uniformity. This excellent uniform plasma in the downstream has extensive application in plasma process.展开更多
The non-uniformity of gas–liquid mixture is a critical issue which leads to the heat transfer deterioration of spiralwound heat exchangers(SWHEs).Two-phase mass flow rate and the content of gas are important paramete...The non-uniformity of gas–liquid mixture is a critical issue which leads to the heat transfer deterioration of spiralwound heat exchangers(SWHEs).Two-phase mass flow rate and the content of gas are important parameters as well as structural parameters which have prominent influences on flow distribution uniformity of SWHE shell side.In order to investigate the influences of these parameters,an experimental test system was built using water and air as mediums and a novel distributor named"tubes distributor"was designed.The effects of mass flow rate and the content of gas on two-phase distribution performance were analyzed,where the mass flow rate ranged from 28.4 to 171.9 kg·h-1 and the content of gas changed from 0.2 to 0.8,respectively.The results showed that the mixture mass flow rate considerably influenced the liquid distribution than that of gas phase and the larger mass flow rate exhibited the better distribution uniformity of two-phase flow.It was also found that the tubes distributor had the better two-phase uniformity when the content of gas was around 0.4.Tube diameter played an important role in the distribution of gas phase and slit width was more significant for the uniformity of liquid phase.展开更多
文摘The effect of external roof shading on the spatial distribution of air temperature and relative humidity in a greenhouse(Tin and RHin) was evaluated under the arid climatic conditions of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Two identical, evaporatively-cooled, single-span greenhouses were used in the experiment. One greenhouse was externally shaded(Gs) using a movable black plastic net(30% transmissivity), and the other greenhouse was kept without shading(Gc). Strawberry plants were cultivated in both greenhouses. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the Tin and RHin was significantly affected by the outside solar radiation and evaporative cooling operation. The regression analysis showed that when the outside solar radiation intensity increased from 200 to 800 W m–2, the Tin increased by 4.5℃ in the Gc and 2℃in the Gs, while the RHin decreased by 15% in the Gc and 5% in the Gs, respectively. Compared with those in the Gc, more uniformity in the spatial distribution of the Tin and RHin was observed in the Gs. The difference between the maximum and minimum Tin of 6.4℃ and the RHin of 10% was lower in the Gs than those in the Gc during the early morning. Around 2℃ difference in the Tin was shown between the area closed to the exhausted fans and the area closed to the cooling pad with the external shading. In an evaporatively-cooled greenhouse in arid regions, the variation of the Tin and RHin in the vertical direction and along the sidewalls was much higher than that in the horizontal direction. The average variation of the Tin and RHin in the vertical direction was 5.2℃ and 10% in the Gc and 5.5℃ and 13% in the Gs, respectively. The external shading improved the spatial distribution of the Tin and RHin and improved the cooling efficiency of the evaporative cooling system by 12%, since the transmitted solar radiation and accumulated thermal energy in the greenhouse were significantly reduced.
文摘为了解不同因素对微喷头水力性能及喷灌组合均匀性的影响,分别研究了喷嘴直径1.2和1.4 mm的微喷头在工作压力为250,300和350 k Pa下流量、射程、水量分布和喷灌组合均匀性系数变化规律.结果表明:喷嘴直径为1.2 mm的喷头,流量系数为0.005 9;喷嘴直径为1.4mm的喷头,流量系数为0.005 2;工作压力分别为250,300和350 k Pa下,1.4 mm喷嘴直径相比1.2 mm喷嘴直径流量分别增加5.0%,2.4%和3.0%,射程分别增加11%,8%和14%.距喷头距离近处,喷灌强度随着工作压力增大而增大;分别得到喷嘴直径为1.2和1.4 mm的微喷头喷灌强度、距喷头距离和工作压力之间的关系多项式;对于工作范围较小的微喷头,喷嘴直径对于射程影响较大;在相同工作压力下,组合喷灌均匀系数随喷头间距增加而减小,通过计算组合均匀系数发现喷嘴直径1.4 mm的微喷头在300 k Pa下,组合间距为1.0R时,喷灌均匀度最高.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 10575039） Chinese Specialized Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （No. 2004057408）+1 种基金 Science Project of Guangzhou city （No. 2005Z3D2031） Key Project of Science Research Foundation of Guangdong （No. 05100534）
文摘The spatial distribution of Electron Cyclotron Resonance （ECR） plasma in the ECRPlasma Enhanced Metalorganic Chemical Vapour Deposition （ECR-PECVD） reaction chamber is diagnosed by a Langmuir probe. The uniformity is also investigated. The results show that the ECR plasma in the upper region of the reaction chamber under the influence of magnetic field has poor radial and axial uniformity. However, the plasma in the downstream region of the reaction chamber has fine radial uniformity. This excellent uniform plasma in the downstream has extensive application in plasma process.
基金Supported by the research funds from MIIT program on High Technology Research Program of Ship(2013K4181).
文摘The non-uniformity of gas–liquid mixture is a critical issue which leads to the heat transfer deterioration of spiralwound heat exchangers(SWHEs).Two-phase mass flow rate and the content of gas are important parameters as well as structural parameters which have prominent influences on flow distribution uniformity of SWHE shell side.In order to investigate the influences of these parameters,an experimental test system was built using water and air as mediums and a novel distributor named"tubes distributor"was designed.The effects of mass flow rate and the content of gas on two-phase distribution performance were analyzed,where the mass flow rate ranged from 28.4 to 171.9 kg·h-1 and the content of gas changed from 0.2 to 0.8,respectively.The results showed that the mixture mass flow rate considerably influenced the liquid distribution than that of gas phase and the larger mass flow rate exhibited the better distribution uniformity of two-phase flow.It was also found that the tubes distributor had the better two-phase uniformity when the content of gas was around 0.4.Tube diameter played an important role in the distribution of gas phase and slit width was more significant for the uniformity of liquid phase.
