Otitis media with effusion(OME)is a frequent paediatric disorder.The condition is often asymptomatic,and so can easily be missed.However,OME can lead to hearing loss that impairs the child's language and behaviour...Otitis media with effusion(OME)is a frequent paediatric disorder.The condition is often asymptomatic,and so can easily be missed.However,OME can lead to hearing loss that impairs the child's language and behavioural development.The diagnosis is essentially clinical,and is based on otoscopy and(in some cases)tympanometry.Nasal endoscopy is only indicated in cases of unilateral OME or when obstructive adenoid hypertrophy is suspected.Otitis media with effusion is defined as the observation of middle-ear effusion at consultations three months apart.Hearing must be evaluated(using an age-appropriate audiometry technique)before and after treatment,so as not to miss another underlying cause of deafness(e.g.perception deafness).Craniofacial dysmorphism,respiratory allergy and gastro-oesophageal reflux all favour the development of OME.Although a certain number of medications(antibiotics,corticoids,antihistamines,mucokinetic agents,and nasal decongestants)can be used to treat OME,they are not reliably effective and rarely provide long-term relief.The benchmark treatment for OME is placement of tympanostomy tubes(TTs)and(in some cases)adjunct adenoidectomy.The TTs rapidly normalize hearing and effectively prevent the development of cholesteatoma in the middle ear.In contrast,TTs do not prevent progression towards tympanic atrophy or a retraction pocket.Adenoidectomy enhances the effectiveness of TTs.In children with adenoid hypertrophy,adenoidectomy is indicated before the age of 4 but can be performed later when OME is identified by nasal endoscopy.Children must be followed up until OME has disappeared completely,so that any complications are not missed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute otitis media(AOM)is a common disease that is more prevalent in children.Most studies concerning AOM-associated sudden sensorineural hearing loss are case reports and retrospective in nature,hence the ...BACKGROUND Acute otitis media(AOM)is a common disease that is more prevalent in children.Most studies concerning AOM-associated sudden sensorineural hearing loss are case reports and retrospective in nature,hence the etiology of AOM-associated sudden hearing loss has not been fully established.AIM To analyze audiological characteristics of AOM-associated sudden hearing loss and evaluate efficacy of combined tympanostomy tube placement(TTP)and intratympanic methylprednisolone.METHODS Eight adult patients who were diagnosed with AOM-associated sudden hearing loss and ineffectively treated by conventional medical therapy were enrolled in this study.Basic data were collected,and pure tone audiometry was performed to assess the audiological characteristics.Combination therapy with TTP and intratympanic methylprednisolone injection was given to the patients.RESULTS Mixed or sensorineural hearing loss was observed at high frequencies(2–4 kHz).All the cases in this study were cured after TTP and intratympanic methylprednisolone.After treatment,the average hearing threshold at affected frequencies was significantly lower than those in the pretreatment group(P<0.05)and was similar to that in the healthy ears(P>0.05).CONCLUSION AOM rarely induces sudden sensorineural hearing loss.Combination therapy with TTP and intratympanic methylprednisolone injection may be effective after failure of conventional medical treatment.展开更多
The three-dimensional(3D)model of the middle ear is of great significance to the research of middle ear related diseases.The particular focus of this work is to simulate the impact of aircraft altitude and speed chang...The three-dimensional(3D)model of the middle ear is of great significance to the research of middle ear related diseases.The particular focus of this work is to simulate the impact of aircraft altitude and speed changes on the tympanic membrane(TM)during the descent phase,so as to analyze the pathogenesis of aero-otitis media and the mechanical response characteristics of TM under static pressure.The simulations showed that the stress and strain of TM increase as the altitude difference and speed of the aircraft increase,and the maximum stress and strain areas are consistent with the clinical observation of TM hyperemia.Therefore,among many prevention and treatment measures of aero-otitis media,it is a therapeutic method to directly balance the pressure difference between the inner and outer TM.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although long-term retention of a ventilation tube is required in many ear diseases,spontaneous removal of conventional ventilation tube is observed in patients within 3 to 12 mo.To address this issue,we ai...BACKGROUND Although long-term retention of a ventilation tube is required in many ear diseases,spontaneous removal of conventional ventilation tube is observed in patients within 3 to 12 mo.To address this issue,we aimed to determine a new method for long-term retention of the ventilation tube.AIM To explore the value of removing the biofilm for long-term retention of tympanostomy ventilation tubes.METHODS A case-control study design was used to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of long-term tube retention by directly removing the biofilm(via surgical exfoliation)in patients who underwent myringotomy with ventilation tube placement.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:Control group and treatment group.Patients in the treatment group underwent regular biofilm exfoliation surgery in the clinic,whereas those in the control group did not have their biofilm removed.Only conventional ventilation tubes were placed in this study.Outcome measures were tube position and patency.Tube retention time and any complications were documented.RESULTS Eight patients with biofilm removal and eight patients without biofilm removal as a control group were enrolled in the study.The tympanostomy tube retention time was significantly longer in the treatment group(43.5±26.4 mo)than in the control group(9.5±6.9 mo)(P=0.003).More tympanostomy tubes were found to be patent and in correct position in the treatment group during the follow-up intervals than in the control group(P=0.01).CONCLUSION Despite the use of short-term ventilation tubes,direct biofilm removal can be a well-tolerated and effective treatment for long-term tube retention of tympanostomy ventilation tubes in patients who underwent myringotomy.展开更多
Objective:To compare the therapeutic effects of two types of tympanostomy tube,in terms of extrusion time and recurrence rate,after endoscopic ventilation tube placement in adults with otitis media with effusion.Mater...Objective:To compare the therapeutic effects of two types of tympanostomy tube,in terms of extrusion time and recurrence rate,after endoscopic ventilation tube placement in adults with otitis media with effusion.Materials and methods:The clinical data for 125 ears from 91 patients who underwent endoscopic ventilation tube placement was retrospectively reviewed.The ears included in the study were divided into groups A and B.The Shepard tube was used in all ears from group A.The T-tube was used in all ears from group B.Extrusion time and recurrence rate were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results:Group A included 103 ears(82.4%).Group B included 22 ears(17.6%).The average extrusion time for group A was significantly shorter than that for group B(160.5±106.6 days vs 274.1±120.5 days,p<0.05).No significant difference in recurrence rate was observed between groups A and B(72.8%vs 63.6%,p=0.44).Conclusion:Compared with the Shepard tube,the T-tube lasts longer in the ear drum in adult patients with otitis media with effusion.However,use of the Shepard tube,compared with use of the T-tube,does not significantly reduce the recurrence rate after extrusion.展开更多
目的探讨腺样体切除联合耳内镜下鼓膜置管或鼓膜穿刺治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的临床效果。方法选取我院2012年1月~2014年1月62例药物保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎,根据随机数字法分为观察组和对照组,各31例（观察组45耳,对照组49耳）,...目的探讨腺样体切除联合耳内镜下鼓膜置管或鼓膜穿刺治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的临床效果。方法选取我院2012年1月~2014年1月62例药物保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎,根据随机数字法分为观察组和对照组,各31例（观察组45耳,对照组49耳）,观察组采用腺样体切除术及耳内镜下鼓膜置管术治疗,对照组采用腺样体切除术及耳内镜下鼓膜穿刺术治疗。术后根据临床表现、纯音听阈测定、声导抗测试结果综合判断疗效,纯音听阈提高10 d B HL以上、鼓室导抗图为A型或C型为有效。结果 2组随访时间分别为（42.3±12.7）周、（40.6±13.1）周（t=0.518,P=0.605）。与对照组相比,观察组有效率高[86.7%（39/45）vs.69.4%（34/49）,χ2=4.037,P=0.045],术后并发症少[8.9%（4/45）vs.28.6%（14/49）,χ2=5.870,P=0.015],复发率低[2.2%（1/45）vs.16.3%（8/49）,χ2=3.884,P=0.049]。结论腺样体切除联合耳内镜下鼓膜置管治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎,视野清晰,创伤小,恢复快,值得推广应用。展开更多
文摘Otitis media with effusion(OME)is a frequent paediatric disorder.The condition is often asymptomatic,and so can easily be missed.However,OME can lead to hearing loss that impairs the child's language and behavioural development.The diagnosis is essentially clinical,and is based on otoscopy and(in some cases)tympanometry.Nasal endoscopy is only indicated in cases of unilateral OME or when obstructive adenoid hypertrophy is suspected.Otitis media with effusion is defined as the observation of middle-ear effusion at consultations three months apart.Hearing must be evaluated(using an age-appropriate audiometry technique)before and after treatment,so as not to miss another underlying cause of deafness(e.g.perception deafness).Craniofacial dysmorphism,respiratory allergy and gastro-oesophageal reflux all favour the development of OME.Although a certain number of medications(antibiotics,corticoids,antihistamines,mucokinetic agents,and nasal decongestants)can be used to treat OME,they are not reliably effective and rarely provide long-term relief.The benchmark treatment for OME is placement of tympanostomy tubes(TTs)and(in some cases)adjunct adenoidectomy.The TTs rapidly normalize hearing and effectively prevent the development of cholesteatoma in the middle ear.In contrast,TTs do not prevent progression towards tympanic atrophy or a retraction pocket.Adenoidectomy enhances the effectiveness of TTs.In children with adenoid hypertrophy,adenoidectomy is indicated before the age of 4 but can be performed later when OME is identified by nasal endoscopy.Children must be followed up until OME has disappeared completely,so that any complications are not missed.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute otitis media(AOM)is a common disease that is more prevalent in children.Most studies concerning AOM-associated sudden sensorineural hearing loss are case reports and retrospective in nature,hence the etiology of AOM-associated sudden hearing loss has not been fully established.AIM To analyze audiological characteristics of AOM-associated sudden hearing loss and evaluate efficacy of combined tympanostomy tube placement(TTP)and intratympanic methylprednisolone.METHODS Eight adult patients who were diagnosed with AOM-associated sudden hearing loss and ineffectively treated by conventional medical therapy were enrolled in this study.Basic data were collected,and pure tone audiometry was performed to assess the audiological characteristics.Combination therapy with TTP and intratympanic methylprednisolone injection was given to the patients.RESULTS Mixed or sensorineural hearing loss was observed at high frequencies(2–4 kHz).All the cases in this study were cured after TTP and intratympanic methylprednisolone.After treatment,the average hearing threshold at affected frequencies was significantly lower than those in the pretreatment group(P<0.05)and was similar to that in the healthy ears(P>0.05).CONCLUSION AOM rarely induces sudden sensorineural hearing loss.Combination therapy with TTP and intratympanic methylprednisolone injection may be effective after failure of conventional medical treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11772087 and 12172082)。
文摘The three-dimensional(3D)model of the middle ear is of great significance to the research of middle ear related diseases.The particular focus of this work is to simulate the impact of aircraft altitude and speed changes on the tympanic membrane(TM)during the descent phase,so as to analyze the pathogenesis of aero-otitis media and the mechanical response characteristics of TM under static pressure.The simulations showed that the stress and strain of TM increase as the altitude difference and speed of the aircraft increase,and the maximum stress and strain areas are consistent with the clinical observation of TM hyperemia.Therefore,among many prevention and treatment measures of aero-otitis media,it is a therapeutic method to directly balance the pressure difference between the inner and outer TM.
基金Supported by Shanghai Leadership Talent Training Plan,No. 2017062the Key Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medicine Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Foundation,No. YG2016ZD02+3 种基金Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support,No.20152233Multi-Center Clinical Research Plan of Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,No. DLY201823the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Shen Kang Hospital Development Center,No. 16CR4022A and No.16CR3041ANational Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81974142.
文摘BACKGROUND Although long-term retention of a ventilation tube is required in many ear diseases,spontaneous removal of conventional ventilation tube is observed in patients within 3 to 12 mo.To address this issue,we aimed to determine a new method for long-term retention of the ventilation tube.AIM To explore the value of removing the biofilm for long-term retention of tympanostomy ventilation tubes.METHODS A case-control study design was used to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of long-term tube retention by directly removing the biofilm(via surgical exfoliation)in patients who underwent myringotomy with ventilation tube placement.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:Control group and treatment group.Patients in the treatment group underwent regular biofilm exfoliation surgery in the clinic,whereas those in the control group did not have their biofilm removed.Only conventional ventilation tubes were placed in this study.Outcome measures were tube position and patency.Tube retention time and any complications were documented.RESULTS Eight patients with biofilm removal and eight patients without biofilm removal as a control group were enrolled in the study.The tympanostomy tube retention time was significantly longer in the treatment group(43.5±26.4 mo)than in the control group(9.5±6.9 mo)(P=0.003).More tympanostomy tubes were found to be patent and in correct position in the treatment group during the follow-up intervals than in the control group(P=0.01).CONCLUSION Despite the use of short-term ventilation tubes,direct biofilm removal can be a well-tolerated and effective treatment for long-term tube retention of tympanostomy ventilation tubes in patients who underwent myringotomy.
文摘Objective:To compare the therapeutic effects of two types of tympanostomy tube,in terms of extrusion time and recurrence rate,after endoscopic ventilation tube placement in adults with otitis media with effusion.Materials and methods:The clinical data for 125 ears from 91 patients who underwent endoscopic ventilation tube placement was retrospectively reviewed.The ears included in the study were divided into groups A and B.The Shepard tube was used in all ears from group A.The T-tube was used in all ears from group B.Extrusion time and recurrence rate were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results:Group A included 103 ears(82.4%).Group B included 22 ears(17.6%).The average extrusion time for group A was significantly shorter than that for group B(160.5±106.6 days vs 274.1±120.5 days,p<0.05).No significant difference in recurrence rate was observed between groups A and B(72.8%vs 63.6%,p=0.44).Conclusion:Compared with the Shepard tube,the T-tube lasts longer in the ear drum in adult patients with otitis media with effusion.However,use of the Shepard tube,compared with use of the T-tube,does not significantly reduce the recurrence rate after extrusion.
文摘目的探讨腺样体切除联合耳内镜下鼓膜置管或鼓膜穿刺治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的临床效果。方法选取我院2012年1月~2014年1月62例药物保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎,根据随机数字法分为观察组和对照组,各31例（观察组45耳,对照组49耳）,观察组采用腺样体切除术及耳内镜下鼓膜置管术治疗,对照组采用腺样体切除术及耳内镜下鼓膜穿刺术治疗。术后根据临床表现、纯音听阈测定、声导抗测试结果综合判断疗效,纯音听阈提高10 d B HL以上、鼓室导抗图为A型或C型为有效。结果 2组随访时间分别为（42.3±12.7）周、（40.6±13.1）周（t=0.518,P=0.605）。与对照组相比,观察组有效率高[86.7%（39/45）vs.69.4%（34/49）,χ2=4.037,P=0.045],术后并发症少[8.9%（4/45）vs.28.6%（14/49）,χ2=5.870,P=0.015],复发率低[2.2%（1/45）vs.16.3%（8/49）,χ2=3.884,P=0.049]。结论腺样体切除联合耳内镜下鼓膜置管治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎,视野清晰,创伤小,恢复快,值得推广应用。
