The turnip(Brassica rapa var. rapa) is a biennial crop that is planted in late summer/early fall and forms fleshy tubers for food in temperate regions. The harvested tubers then overwinter and are planted again the ne...The turnip(Brassica rapa var. rapa) is a biennial crop that is planted in late summer/early fall and forms fleshy tubers for food in temperate regions. The harvested tubers then overwinter and are planted again the next spring for flowering and seeds. FLOWERING LOCUS C(FLC) is a MADS-box transcription factor that acts as a major repressor of floral transition by suppressing the flowering promoters FT and SOC1. Here we show that vernalization effectively represses tuber formation and promotes flowering in Tibetan turnip. We functionally characterized four FLC homologues(BrrFLC1,FLC2, FLC3, and FLC5), and found that BrrFLC2 and BrrFLC1 play a major role in repressing flowering in turnip and in transgenic Arabidopsis. In contrast, tuber formation was correlated with BrrFLC1 expression in the hypocotyl and was repressed under cold treatment following the quantitative downregulation of BrrFLC1. Grafting experiments of non-vernalized and vernalized turnips revealed that vernalization independently suppressed tuberization in the tuber or hypocotyl of the rootstock or scion, which occurred in parallel with the reduction in BrrFLC1 activity. Together, our results demonstrate that the Tibetan turnip is highly responsive to cold exposure, which is associated with the expression levels of BrrFLC genes.展开更多
探讨铵态氮素对甘薯块根形成的调控效应及其作用机制,本研究利用单株结薯数差异显著的甘薯品种商薯19(S19)和济徐23(J23)为材料,于2014-2015年进行大田试验和盆栽辅助试验,设置60 kg hm^–2低氮(LN60)和180 kg hm^–2高氮(HN180)2个氮...探讨铵态氮素对甘薯块根形成的调控效应及其作用机制,本研究利用单株结薯数差异显著的甘薯品种商薯19(S19)和济徐23(J23)为材料,于2014-2015年进行大田试验和盆栽辅助试验,设置60 kg hm^–2低氮(LN60)和180 kg hm^–2高氮(HN180)2个氮素水平,酰胺态(XN)和铵态(AN)2种氮素形态,进行甘薯幼根向块根分化关键时期的发育解剖观察和IbEXP1基因的表达分析。结果表明,单株有效结薯数较高的商薯19块根产量显著高于济徐23,生长前期甘薯块根的分化建成相较于块根的膨大生长更利于最终块根产量的形成。同时,2个甘薯品种60 kg hm^–2铵态氮素处理在茎叶封垄期建成更多根径介于0.5~5.0 cm的薯块,显著提高了收获期的单株有效薯块数目,块根产量最高。其中,60 kg hm^–2铵态氮素处理2个品种甘薯幼根在前形成层时期原生木质部束的导管数目及中柱薄壁组织木质化薄壁细胞数目最多;初生形成层发育时期IbEXP1基因高水平表达,幼根直径、中柱直径大,原生、次生木质部束数目多;次生形成层活动初期IbEXP1基因的相对表达和中柱薄壁细胞的木质化程度介于不施氮和高氮素处理之间,但幼根直径、中柱直径和中柱占横截面比均显著最高,在块根分化建成中建立了中柱薄壁细胞木质化活动和分裂活动的平衡。展开更多
Phytohormones, auxins in particular, play an important role in plant development and productivity. Earlier data showed positive impact of exogenous auxin on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization. The aim of this ...Phytohormones, auxins in particular, play an important role in plant development and productivity. Earlier data showed positive impact of exogenous auxin on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization. The aim of this study was to generate potato plants with increased auxin level predominantly in tubers. To this end, a pBinB33-tms1 vector was constructed harboring the Agrobacterium auxin biosynthesis gene tms1 fused to tuber-specific promoter of the class I patatin gene (B33-promoter) of potato. Among numerous independently generated B33:tms1 lines, those without visible differences from control were selected for detailed studies. In the majority of transgenic lines, tms1 gene transcription was detected, mostly in tubers rather than in shoots. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in tubers and the auxin tuber-to-shoot ratio were increased in tms1-expressing transformants. The organ-specific increase in auxin synthesis in B33:tms1-transformants accelerated and intensified the process of tuber formation, reduced the dose of carbohydrate supply required for in vitro tuberization, and decreased the photoperiodic dependence of tuber initiation. Overall, a positive correlation was observed between tms1 expression, IAA content in tubers, and stimulation of tuber formation. The revealed properties of B33:tms1 transformants imply an important role for auxin in potato tuberization and offer prospects to magnify potato productivity by a moderate organ-specific enhancement of auxin content.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.31500221,31590823 and 31601999)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences by XXK
文摘The turnip(Brassica rapa var. rapa) is a biennial crop that is planted in late summer/early fall and forms fleshy tubers for food in temperate regions. The harvested tubers then overwinter and are planted again the next spring for flowering and seeds. FLOWERING LOCUS C(FLC) is a MADS-box transcription factor that acts as a major repressor of floral transition by suppressing the flowering promoters FT and SOC1. Here we show that vernalization effectively represses tuber formation and promotes flowering in Tibetan turnip. We functionally characterized four FLC homologues(BrrFLC1,FLC2, FLC3, and FLC5), and found that BrrFLC2 and BrrFLC1 play a major role in repressing flowering in turnip and in transgenic Arabidopsis. In contrast, tuber formation was correlated with BrrFLC1 expression in the hypocotyl and was repressed under cold treatment following the quantitative downregulation of BrrFLC1. Grafting experiments of non-vernalized and vernalized turnips revealed that vernalization independently suppressed tuberization in the tuber or hypocotyl of the rootstock or scion, which occurred in parallel with the reduction in BrrFLC1 activity. Together, our results demonstrate that the Tibetan turnip is highly responsive to cold exposure, which is associated with the expression levels of BrrFLC genes.
文摘探讨铵态氮素对甘薯块根形成的调控效应及其作用机制,本研究利用单株结薯数差异显著的甘薯品种商薯19(S19)和济徐23(J23)为材料,于2014-2015年进行大田试验和盆栽辅助试验,设置60 kg hm^–2低氮(LN60)和180 kg hm^–2高氮(HN180)2个氮素水平,酰胺态(XN)和铵态(AN)2种氮素形态,进行甘薯幼根向块根分化关键时期的发育解剖观察和IbEXP1基因的表达分析。结果表明,单株有效结薯数较高的商薯19块根产量显著高于济徐23,生长前期甘薯块根的分化建成相较于块根的膨大生长更利于最终块根产量的形成。同时,2个甘薯品种60 kg hm^–2铵态氮素处理在茎叶封垄期建成更多根径介于0.5~5.0 cm的薯块,显著提高了收获期的单株有效薯块数目,块根产量最高。其中,60 kg hm^–2铵态氮素处理2个品种甘薯幼根在前形成层时期原生木质部束的导管数目及中柱薄壁组织木质化薄壁细胞数目最多;初生形成层发育时期IbEXP1基因高水平表达,幼根直径、中柱直径大,原生、次生木质部束数目多;次生形成层活动初期IbEXP1基因的相对表达和中柱薄壁细胞的木质化程度介于不施氮和高氮素处理之间,但幼根直径、中柱直径和中柱占横截面比均显著最高,在块根分化建成中建立了中柱薄壁细胞木质化活动和分裂活动的平衡。
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 14-14-01095)partly (until July, 2014) by the Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences " Molecular and Cell Biology "
文摘Phytohormones, auxins in particular, play an important role in plant development and productivity. Earlier data showed positive impact of exogenous auxin on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization. The aim of this study was to generate potato plants with increased auxin level predominantly in tubers. To this end, a pBinB33-tms1 vector was constructed harboring the Agrobacterium auxin biosynthesis gene tms1 fused to tuber-specific promoter of the class I patatin gene (B33-promoter) of potato. Among numerous independently generated B33:tms1 lines, those without visible differences from control were selected for detailed studies. In the majority of transgenic lines, tms1 gene transcription was detected, mostly in tubers rather than in shoots. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in tubers and the auxin tuber-to-shoot ratio were increased in tms1-expressing transformants. The organ-specific increase in auxin synthesis in B33:tms1-transformants accelerated and intensified the process of tuber formation, reduced the dose of carbohydrate supply required for in vitro tuberization, and decreased the photoperiodic dependence of tuber initiation. Overall, a positive correlation was observed between tms1 expression, IAA content in tubers, and stimulation of tuber formation. The revealed properties of B33:tms1 transformants imply an important role for auxin in potato tuberization and offer prospects to magnify potato productivity by a moderate organ-specific enhancement of auxin content.
