Background:Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a main economic burden in China.Investigating the differences in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries could provide r...Background:Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a main economic burden in China.Investigating the differences in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries could provide reference for policy planning and contribute to improving cancer control measures.In this study,we reviewed the rates and trends of cancer incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)burden in China,and compared them with those in the United States(US)and the United Kingdom(UK).Methods:Cancer incidence,mortality,and DALY data for China,US and UK were obtained fromtheGLOBOCAN2020 online database,Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2019 study,and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database(CI5 plus).Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in China,US,and UK were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models to calculate annual percent changes(APCs)and identify the best-fitting joinpoints.Results:An estimated 4,568,754 newly diagnosed cancer cases and 3,002,899 cancer deaths occurred in China in 2020.Additionally,cancers resulted in 67,340,309 DALYs in China.Compared to the US and UK,China had lower cancer incidence but higher cancer mortality andDALY rates.Furthermore,the cancer spectrum of China was changing,with a rapid increase incidence and burden of lung,breast,colorectal,and prostate cancer in addition to a high incidence and heavy burden of liver,stomach,esophageal,and cervical cancer.Conclusions:The cancer spectrum of China is changing from a developing country to a developed country.Population aging and increase of unhealthy lifestyles would continue to increase the cancer burden of China.Therefore,the Chinese authorities should adjust the national cancer control program with reference to the practices of cancer control which have been well-established in the developed countries,and taking consideration of the diversity of cancer types by of different regions in China at the same time.展开更多
Using the data observed by 62 Chinese Routine Meteorological Stations (CRMS) with long term radiation observation, the climatic trends and the relationship between pan-evaporation and its environmental factors are ana...Using the data observed by 62 Chinese Routine Meteorological Stations (CRMS) with long term radiation observation, the climatic trends and the relationship between pan-evaporation and its environmental factors are analyzed comprehensively. The results show that during the last 40 years, the relative humidity is uptrend in west China, downtrend in east China, and their extrema are 0.20%/a and ?0.22%/a respectively; the precipitations of about 61% CRMS keep uptrend, its maximum can reach 10.52 mm/a2 while the cloud amounts of about 79% CRMS keep downtrend slightly. About 98% CRMS display the air temperature uptrend, and the maximum is 0.11℃/a. About 76% CRMS display the land surface temperature uptrend. About 87% CRMS show the daily range of temperature downtrend. The global radiations observed by about 85% CRMS and the 10 m wind speeds observed by about 77% CRMS hold downtrend. The annual pan-evaporations of about 66% CRMS hold descend trend, and the biggest descent reaches ?24.9 mm/a2. The pan-evaporation has good relationship with many environmental factors, but the relationship with the relative humidity is the best. All of the climatic trends respond to the global climate changes.展开更多
Objective:China is one of the countries with the heaviest burden of gastric cancer(GC)in the world.Understanding the epidemiological trends and patterns of GC in China can contribute to formulating effective preventio...Objective:China is one of the countries with the heaviest burden of gastric cancer(GC)in the world.Understanding the epidemiological trends and patterns of GC in China can contribute to formulating effective prevention strategies.Methods:The data on incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)of GC in China from1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study(2019).The estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was calculated to evaluate the temporal trends of disease burden of GC,and the package Nordpred in the R program was used to perform an age-period-cohort analysis to predict the numbers and rates of incidence and mortality in the next 25 years.Results:The number of incident cases of GC increased from 317.34 thousand in 1990 to 612.82 thousand in2019,while the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)of GC decreased from 37.56 per 100,000 in 1990 to 30.64 per 100,000 in 2019,with an EAPC of-0.41[95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.77,-0.06].Pronounced temporal trends in mortality and DALYs of GC were observed.In the next 25 years,the numbers of new GC cases and deaths are expected to increase to 738.79 thousand and 454.80 thousand,respectively,while the rates of incidence and deaths should steadily decrease.The deaths and DALYs attributable to smoking were different for males and females.Conclusions:In China,despite the fact that the rates of GC have decreased during the past three decades,the numbers of new GC cases and deaths increased,and will continue to increase in the next 25 years.Additional strategies are needed to reduce the burden of GC,such as screening and early detection,novel treatments,and the prevention of risk factors.展开更多
目的:对1990年至2019年中国女性卵巢癌流行趋势及危险因素进行分析,为我国卵巢癌的预防提供更科学的依据。方法:从全球疾病负担2019数据库获取中国及其他地区卵巢癌发病、死亡及伤残调整寿命年指标的估计数和标准化率,比较评估中国卵巢...目的:对1990年至2019年中国女性卵巢癌流行趋势及危险因素进行分析,为我国卵巢癌的预防提供更科学的依据。方法:从全球疾病负担2019数据库获取中国及其他地区卵巢癌发病、死亡及伤残调整寿命年指标的估计数和标准化率,比较评估中国卵巢癌的流行负担及危险因素变化。用GLOBOCAN库对2020年至2040年中国卵巢癌发病及死亡人数进行预测。结果:1990年至2019年,中国大陆和中国台湾卵巢癌的年龄标准化发病率分别由2.56/10万和4.72/10万增至4.54/10万和8.68/10万,年龄标准化死亡率由1.76/10万和2.63/10万增至2.77/10万和3.84/10万,增幅超过全球、日本及新加坡。其中,50~54岁年龄组女性发病人数最多,发病率的峰值出现在70~74岁。2019年卵巢癌死亡的三大危险因素分别是高空腹血糖、高体质指数和职业性石棉暴露。30年间,中国卵巢癌的年龄标准化伤残调整寿命年率(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)随社会人口学指数(socio-demographic index,SDI)增加而增加。此外,据GLOBOCAN数据库预测,中国卵巢癌疾病负担会持续加重,预计到2040年,发病人数较2020年增加17.9%,死亡人数增加33.0%。结论:中国女性卵巢癌疾病负担仍然较重,且在不断上升,需要针对不同年龄段及风险人群采取相应的有效预防措施,加强对高风险人群的监测,以进一步降低疾病负担。展开更多
The rapid development in Beijing, the capital of China, has resulted in serious air pollution problems. Meanwhile great efforts have been made to improve the air quality, especially since 1998. The variation in air qu...The rapid development in Beijing, the capital of China, has resulted in serious air pollution problems. Meanwhile great efforts have been made to improve the air quality, especially since 1998. The variation in air quality under the interaction of pollution and control in this mega city has attracted much attention. We analyzed the changes in ambient air quality in Beijing since the 1980’s using the Daniel trend test based on data from long-term monitoring stations. The results showed that different pollutants displayed three trends： a decreasing trend, an increasing trend and a flat trend. SO2, dustfall, B[a]P, NO2 and PM10 fit decreasing trend pattern, while NOx showed an increasing trend, and CO, ozone pollution, total suspended particulate （TSP）, as well as Pb fit the flat trend. The cause of the general air pollution in Beijing has changed from being predominantly related to coal burning to mixed traffic exhaust and coal burning related pollution. Seasonally, the pollution level is typically higher during the heating season from November to the following March. The interaction between pollution sources change and implementation of air pollution control measures was the main driving factor that caused the variation in air quality. Changes of industrial structure and improved energy effciency, the use of clean energy and preferred use of clean coal, reduction in pollution sources, and implementation of advanced environmental standards have all contributed to the reduction in air pollution, particularly since 1998.展开更多
文摘Background:Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a main economic burden in China.Investigating the differences in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries could provide reference for policy planning and contribute to improving cancer control measures.In this study,we reviewed the rates and trends of cancer incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)burden in China,and compared them with those in the United States(US)and the United Kingdom(UK).Methods:Cancer incidence,mortality,and DALY data for China,US and UK were obtained fromtheGLOBOCAN2020 online database,Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2019 study,and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database(CI5 plus).Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in China,US,and UK were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models to calculate annual percent changes(APCs)and identify the best-fitting joinpoints.Results:An estimated 4,568,754 newly diagnosed cancer cases and 3,002,899 cancer deaths occurred in China in 2020.Additionally,cancers resulted in 67,340,309 DALYs in China.Compared to the US and UK,China had lower cancer incidence but higher cancer mortality andDALY rates.Furthermore,the cancer spectrum of China was changing,with a rapid increase incidence and burden of lung,breast,colorectal,and prostate cancer in addition to a high incidence and heavy burden of liver,stomach,esophageal,and cervical cancer.Conclusions:The cancer spectrum of China is changing from a developing country to a developed country.Population aging and increase of unhealthy lifestyles would continue to increase the cancer burden of China.Therefore,the Chinese authorities should adjust the national cancer control program with reference to the practices of cancer control which have been well-established in the developed countries,and taking consideration of the diversity of cancer types by of different regions in China at the same time.
基金supported by the Knowledge lnnovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX1-SW-04)the Knowledge Innovation Foundation of Cold and And Regions Environmental and Engineering Reseatch Institute(CA-REERI)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.CACX2004117).
文摘Using the data observed by 62 Chinese Routine Meteorological Stations (CRMS) with long term radiation observation, the climatic trends and the relationship between pan-evaporation and its environmental factors are analyzed comprehensively. The results show that during the last 40 years, the relative humidity is uptrend in west China, downtrend in east China, and their extrema are 0.20%/a and ?0.22%/a respectively; the precipitations of about 61% CRMS keep uptrend, its maximum can reach 10.52 mm/a2 while the cloud amounts of about 79% CRMS keep downtrend slightly. About 98% CRMS display the air temperature uptrend, and the maximum is 0.11℃/a. About 76% CRMS display the land surface temperature uptrend. About 87% CRMS show the daily range of temperature downtrend. The global radiations observed by about 85% CRMS and the 10 m wind speeds observed by about 77% CRMS hold downtrend. The annual pan-evaporations of about 66% CRMS hold descend trend, and the biggest descent reaches ?24.9 mm/a2. The pan-evaporation has good relationship with many environmental factors, but the relationship with the relative humidity is the best. All of the climatic trends respond to the global climate changes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0907003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973116 and 81573229)the Joint Research Funds for Shandong University and Karolinska Institute(No.SDU-KI-2020-03)。
文摘Objective:China is one of the countries with the heaviest burden of gastric cancer(GC)in the world.Understanding the epidemiological trends and patterns of GC in China can contribute to formulating effective prevention strategies.Methods:The data on incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)of GC in China from1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study(2019).The estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was calculated to evaluate the temporal trends of disease burden of GC,and the package Nordpred in the R program was used to perform an age-period-cohort analysis to predict the numbers and rates of incidence and mortality in the next 25 years.Results:The number of incident cases of GC increased from 317.34 thousand in 1990 to 612.82 thousand in2019,while the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)of GC decreased from 37.56 per 100,000 in 1990 to 30.64 per 100,000 in 2019,with an EAPC of-0.41[95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.77,-0.06].Pronounced temporal trends in mortality and DALYs of GC were observed.In the next 25 years,the numbers of new GC cases and deaths are expected to increase to 738.79 thousand and 454.80 thousand,respectively,while the rates of incidence and deaths should steadily decrease.The deaths and DALYs attributable to smoking were different for males and females.Conclusions:In China,despite the fact that the rates of GC have decreased during the past three decades,the numbers of new GC cases and deaths increased,and will continue to increase in the next 25 years.Additional strategies are needed to reduce the burden of GC,such as screening and early detection,novel treatments,and the prevention of risk factors.
文摘目的:对1990年至2019年中国女性卵巢癌流行趋势及危险因素进行分析,为我国卵巢癌的预防提供更科学的依据。方法:从全球疾病负担2019数据库获取中国及其他地区卵巢癌发病、死亡及伤残调整寿命年指标的估计数和标准化率,比较评估中国卵巢癌的流行负担及危险因素变化。用GLOBOCAN库对2020年至2040年中国卵巢癌发病及死亡人数进行预测。结果:1990年至2019年,中国大陆和中国台湾卵巢癌的年龄标准化发病率分别由2.56/10万和4.72/10万增至4.54/10万和8.68/10万,年龄标准化死亡率由1.76/10万和2.63/10万增至2.77/10万和3.84/10万,增幅超过全球、日本及新加坡。其中,50~54岁年龄组女性发病人数最多,发病率的峰值出现在70~74岁。2019年卵巢癌死亡的三大危险因素分别是高空腹血糖、高体质指数和职业性石棉暴露。30年间,中国卵巢癌的年龄标准化伤残调整寿命年率(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)随社会人口学指数(socio-demographic index,SDI)增加而增加。此外,据GLOBOCAN数据库预测,中国卵巢癌疾病负担会持续加重,预计到2040年,发病人数较2020年增加17.9%,死亡人数增加33.0%。结论:中国女性卵巢癌疾病负担仍然较重,且在不断上升,需要针对不同年龄段及风险人群采取相应的有效预防措施,加强对高风险人群的监测,以进一步降低疾病负担。
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41030744)the Specialized Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology
文摘The rapid development in Beijing, the capital of China, has resulted in serious air pollution problems. Meanwhile great efforts have been made to improve the air quality, especially since 1998. The variation in air quality under the interaction of pollution and control in this mega city has attracted much attention. We analyzed the changes in ambient air quality in Beijing since the 1980’s using the Daniel trend test based on data from long-term monitoring stations. The results showed that different pollutants displayed three trends： a decreasing trend, an increasing trend and a flat trend. SO2, dustfall, B[a]P, NO2 and PM10 fit decreasing trend pattern, while NOx showed an increasing trend, and CO, ozone pollution, total suspended particulate （TSP）, as well as Pb fit the flat trend. The cause of the general air pollution in Beijing has changed from being predominantly related to coal burning to mixed traffic exhaust and coal burning related pollution. Seasonally, the pollution level is typically higher during the heating season from November to the following March. The interaction between pollution sources change and implementation of air pollution control measures was the main driving factor that caused the variation in air quality. Changes of industrial structure and improved energy effciency, the use of clean energy and preferred use of clean coal, reduction in pollution sources, and implementation of advanced environmental standards have all contributed to the reduction in air pollution, particularly since 1998.
