Recent reports suggest that exposure to stress is capable of influencing the frequency and pattern of inherited changes in various parts of the genome. In this review, we will discuss the influence of viral pathogens ...Recent reports suggest that exposure to stress is capable of influencing the frequency and pattern of inherited changes in various parts of the genome. In this review, we will discuss the influence of viral pathogens on somatic and meiotic genome stability of Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants infected with a compatible pathogen generate a systemic recombination signal that precedes the spread of pathogens and results in changes in the somatic and meiotic recombination frequency. The progeny of infected plants exhibit changes in global and locusspecific DNA methylation patterns, genomic rearrangements at transgenic reporter loci and resistance gene-like-loci, and even tolerance to pathogen infection and abiotic stress. Here, we will discuss the contribution of environmental stresses to genome evolution and will focus on the role of heritable epigenetic changes in response to pathogen infection.展开更多
本研究分析了有机污染物十氯酮对蒙古裸腹溞的一代下急性毒性效应和5个连续世代只一代染毒对后续4代的慢性毒理效应,旨在了解该毒物对水生生物的毒性机理和开发海洋有机污染测试生物提供科学依据。结果表明,十氯酮对蒙古裸腹溞的24 h LC...本研究分析了有机污染物十氯酮对蒙古裸腹溞的一代下急性毒性效应和5个连续世代只一代染毒对后续4代的慢性毒理效应,旨在了解该毒物对水生生物的毒性机理和开发海洋有机污染测试生物提供科学依据。结果表明,十氯酮对蒙古裸腹溞的24 h LC_(50)、48 h LC_(50)值分别为2.60μg/L和2.28μg/L,安全浓度为0.53μg/L。在5个世代浓度为0.10~0.50μg/L的慢性毒性试验中,P代至F2代溞各项种群增长参数出现剧烈波动,至F3和F4代各项指标均无显著差异,表明十氯酮对蒙古裸腹溞有明显的跨代毒性效应。展开更多
Data indicate that perinatal nutritional insults not onlyhave short-term consequences on the growth velocity of the fetus/neonate but also sensitize to the development of metabolic adult diseases.The pathophysiologica...Data indicate that perinatal nutritional insults not onlyhave short-term consequences on the growth velocity of the fetus/neonate but also sensitize to the development of metabolic adult diseases.The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the so-called "Developmental Origin of Health and Adult Diseases" are still largely unknown and depend on the type of alteration (nutritional,psychological,endocrine disruptors,etc.),its intensity and duration,species,sex and the time during which it is applied.Perinatal stress,via disturbances of both hy-pothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathoadrenal-system (SAS),as well as brain-adipose axis and pancreas alterations could play a crucial role.Interestingly,it has been demonstrated that perinatal insults may be transmitted transgenerationally,suggesting that these long-term consequences may be inherited via epigenetic mechanisms.Finally,since the placenta has been demonstrated to be sensitive to perinatal nutritional manipulations,the identification of placental markers may thus represent an important new avenue to identify the more susceptible babies prone to developing meta-bolic diseases.展开更多
文摘Recent reports suggest that exposure to stress is capable of influencing the frequency and pattern of inherited changes in various parts of the genome. In this review, we will discuss the influence of viral pathogens on somatic and meiotic genome stability of Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants infected with a compatible pathogen generate a systemic recombination signal that precedes the spread of pathogens and results in changes in the somatic and meiotic recombination frequency. The progeny of infected plants exhibit changes in global and locusspecific DNA methylation patterns, genomic rearrangements at transgenic reporter loci and resistance gene-like-loci, and even tolerance to pathogen infection and abiotic stress. Here, we will discuss the contribution of environmental stresses to genome evolution and will focus on the role of heritable epigenetic changes in response to pathogen infection.
文摘本研究分析了有机污染物十氯酮对蒙古裸腹溞的一代下急性毒性效应和5个连续世代只一代染毒对后续4代的慢性毒理效应,旨在了解该毒物对水生生物的毒性机理和开发海洋有机污染测试生物提供科学依据。结果表明,十氯酮对蒙古裸腹溞的24 h LC_(50)、48 h LC_(50)值分别为2.60μg/L和2.28μg/L,安全浓度为0.53μg/L。在5个世代浓度为0.10~0.50μg/L的慢性毒性试验中,P代至F2代溞各项种群增长参数出现剧烈波动,至F3和F4代各项指标均无显著差异,表明十氯酮对蒙古裸腹溞有明显的跨代毒性效应。
文摘Data indicate that perinatal nutritional insults not onlyhave short-term consequences on the growth velocity of the fetus/neonate but also sensitize to the development of metabolic adult diseases.The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the so-called "Developmental Origin of Health and Adult Diseases" are still largely unknown and depend on the type of alteration (nutritional,psychological,endocrine disruptors,etc.),its intensity and duration,species,sex and the time during which it is applied.Perinatal stress,via disturbances of both hy-pothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathoadrenal-system (SAS),as well as brain-adipose axis and pancreas alterations could play a crucial role.Interestingly,it has been demonstrated that perinatal insults may be transmitted transgenerationally,suggesting that these long-term consequences may be inherited via epigenetic mechanisms.Finally,since the placenta has been demonstrated to be sensitive to perinatal nutritional manipulations,the identification of placental markers may thus represent an important new avenue to identify the more susceptible babies prone to developing meta-bolic diseases.
