Objective： Intrauterine adhesion （IUA） is a major health problem that causes infertility, menstrual irregularities, and recurrent pregnancy losses in women. Unfortunately, treatments for IUA are limited, and there ...Objective： Intrauterine adhesion （IUA） is a major health problem that causes infertility, menstrual irregularities, and recurrent pregnancy losses in women. Unfortunately, treatments for IUA are limited, and there are currently no effective strategies for preventing IUA recurrence. In this review, we introduced the role of Hippo signaling in the normal endometrium and IUA and described the mechanisms by which the Hippo pathway integrates with the Wnt and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling pathways to form an intricate network governing the development of fibrosis. Data Sources： Original research articles in English that were published until July 2017 were collected from the PubMed database. Study Selection： Literature search was conducted using the search terms ＂endometrial fibrosis OR fibrosis AND or OR intrauterine adhesion OR Asherman syndrome OR IUA,＂ ＂Hippo AND or OR Hippo/TAZ,＂ ＂TGF-β,＂ and ＂Wnt.＂ Related original research articles were included in the comprehensive analysis. Results： Endometrial fibrosis is recognized as a key pathological event in the development of IUA, which is characterized by epithelial/fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. Myofibroblasts play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of fibrous scarring, and myofibroblast differentiation can be triggered by multiple signaling pathways. H ippo signaling is a critical regulator of the epithelial/fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and α-smooth muscle actin, which exhibits a specific spatiotemporal expression in the endometrium. Conclusions： Hippo signaling plays a critical role in fibrous diseases and participates in cross talks with Wnt and TGF-β signaling. Our findings not only contributed to knowledge on the pathogenesis of endometrial fibrosis, but can also serve as a useful resource for developing specific molecular inhibitors for IUA treatment and prevention.展开更多
目的探讨雾化吸入重组人干扰素α2b(recombinant human interferon alpha2b,rhINF-α2b)对小儿呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)毛细支气管炎的疗效及其对患儿血清肺表面活性蛋白D(pulmonary surfactant protein D,SP-D...目的探讨雾化吸入重组人干扰素α2b(recombinant human interferon alpha2b,rhINF-α2b)对小儿呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)毛细支气管炎的疗效及其对患儿血清肺表面活性蛋白D(pulmonary surfactant protein D,SP-D)、转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)、白介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)水平的影响。方法选取2017年6月至2018年8月襄阳市中心医院收治的167例RSV毛细支气管炎患儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组(84例)和对照组(83例),对照组患儿采用常规治疗,观察组患儿在常规治疗基础上加用雾化吸入rhINF-α2b治疗。比较两组患儿治疗前后血清TGF-β、SP-D、IL-4水平和治疗后喘息改善时间、退热时间、疗效及不良反应发生率。结果观察组患儿治疗有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患儿血清TGF-β水平均显著高于本组治疗前(均P<0.01),血清SP-D、IL-4水平均显著低于本组治疗前(均P<0.01),且观察组患儿血清TGF-β水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),血清SP-D、IL-4水平均显著低于对照组(均P<0.01);观察组患儿喘息改善时间和退热时间均显著短于对照组(均P<0.01)。两组患儿不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.194,P=0.660)。结论雾化吸入rhINF-α2b治疗RSV毛细支气管炎效果较好,其能有效降低患儿血清SP-D、IL-4水平,并升高TGF-β水平,具有一定的临床应用价值。展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81601236 and No. 81471505）.
文摘Objective： Intrauterine adhesion （IUA） is a major health problem that causes infertility, menstrual irregularities, and recurrent pregnancy losses in women. Unfortunately, treatments for IUA are limited, and there are currently no effective strategies for preventing IUA recurrence. In this review, we introduced the role of Hippo signaling in the normal endometrium and IUA and described the mechanisms by which the Hippo pathway integrates with the Wnt and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling pathways to form an intricate network governing the development of fibrosis. Data Sources： Original research articles in English that were published until July 2017 were collected from the PubMed database. Study Selection： Literature search was conducted using the search terms ＂endometrial fibrosis OR fibrosis AND or OR intrauterine adhesion OR Asherman syndrome OR IUA,＂ ＂Hippo AND or OR Hippo/TAZ,＂ ＂TGF-β,＂ and ＂Wnt.＂ Related original research articles were included in the comprehensive analysis. Results： Endometrial fibrosis is recognized as a key pathological event in the development of IUA, which is characterized by epithelial/fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. Myofibroblasts play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of fibrous scarring, and myofibroblast differentiation can be triggered by multiple signaling pathways. H ippo signaling is a critical regulator of the epithelial/fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and α-smooth muscle actin, which exhibits a specific spatiotemporal expression in the endometrium. Conclusions： Hippo signaling plays a critical role in fibrous diseases and participates in cross talks with Wnt and TGF-β signaling. Our findings not only contributed to knowledge on the pathogenesis of endometrial fibrosis, but can also serve as a useful resource for developing specific molecular inhibitors for IUA treatment and prevention.
