A shift sampling theory established by author （1997a） is a generalization of Fourier transform computation theory. Based on this theory, I develop an Algorithm-Error （A-E） equation of potential field transformatio...A shift sampling theory established by author （1997a） is a generalization of Fourier transform computation theory. Based on this theory, I develop an Algorithm-Error （A-E） equation of potential field transformations in the wavenumber domain, which not only gives a more flexible algorithm of potential field transformations, but also reveals the law of error of potential field transformations in the wavenumber domain. The DFT0η η（0.5, 0.5） reduction-to-pole （RTP） technique derived from the A-E equation significantly improves the resolution and accuracy of RTP anomalies at low magnetic latitudes, including the magnetic equator. The law （origin, form mechanism, and essential properties） of the edge oscillation revealed by the A-E equation points out theoretically a way of improving the effect of existing padding methods in high-pass transformations in the wavenumber domain.展开更多
Pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential toxicity.They have wide octanol-water partition ...Pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential toxicity.They have wide octanol-water partition coefficients(K_(ow))and different ionization constants(pK_(a))resulting in a poor analysis accuracy and efficiency.A suitable analytical method is the first prerequisite for further research on their environmental behavior to prioritize the substances.This study reviewed a full-scale analytical protocol for environmental samples in the recent ten years:from sampling to instrumental methods.Passive sampling techniques were compared and recommended for long-term continuous and scientific observation.A quick and effective sample extraction and clean-up method are highly required.Chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for determining PPCPs with a wide range of logK_(ow)(-7.53 to 10.80)were summed up.High-resolution mass spectrometry was confirmed to be a promising strategy for screening unknown transformation products,which would provide a nanogram level of detection limits and more accurate mass resolution.Screening strategies and mass change principles were summarized in detail.The recovery rate was important in multiple contaminants analysis identification and factors affecting the recovery rate of PPCPs were also discussed in this review,including sample matrix,target compounds characteristics,extraction method and solid-phase adsorbent.This review provides useful information for the selection of appropriate analytical methods and future development directions.展开更多
A transform method was used to model a discrete time multi-tap direct sampling mixer. The method transforms the mixed filtering and down-sampling stages to separate cascade filtering and sampling stages to determine t...A transform method was used to model a discrete time multi-tap direct sampling mixer. The method transforms the mixed filtering and down-sampling stages to separate cascade filtering and sampling stages to determine the unfolded frequency response which shows the anti-aliasing ability of the mixer. The trans-formation can also be applied to other mixed signal and multi-rate receiver systems to analyze their unfolded frequency responses. The transformed system architecture was used to calculate the unfolded frequency response of the multi-tap direct sampling mixer and compared with the mixer model without noise in the advanced design system 2005A environment to further evaluate the frequency response. The simulations show that the -3 dB bandwidth is 3.0 MHz and the voltage gain is attenuated by 1.5 dB within a 1-MHz baseband bandwidth.展开更多
With the help of CCD images,the realization of high precision po-sitioning and measurement has become the basic standard for machine vision andreal time photogrammetry systems.However,deformation and other sorts ofdeg...With the help of CCD images,the realization of high precision po-sitioning and measurement has become the basic standard for machine vision andreal time photogrammetry systems.However,deformation and other sorts ofdegradation occurring during transmission are major limiting factors of the preci-sion attainable with most current CCD cameras and frame grabbers.So a preciseradiometric and geometric transmission of images from CCD sensor to memory is afundamental aspect of CCD camera calibration.The geometric calibration system,which uses some image processing algorithms of the CCD camera based on the re-searched and developed system is discussed.The reliability and validity are alsodiscussed.The experimental results for the calibration of the CCD array will betaken as an important quality index for CCD evaluation.展开更多
文摘A shift sampling theory established by author （1997a） is a generalization of Fourier transform computation theory. Based on this theory, I develop an Algorithm-Error （A-E） equation of potential field transformations in the wavenumber domain, which not only gives a more flexible algorithm of potential field transformations, but also reveals the law of error of potential field transformations in the wavenumber domain. The DFT0η η（0.5, 0.5） reduction-to-pole （RTP） technique derived from the A-E equation significantly improves the resolution and accuracy of RTP anomalies at low magnetic latitudes, including the magnetic equator. The law （origin, form mechanism, and essential properties） of the edge oscillation revealed by the A-E equation points out theoretically a way of improving the effect of existing padding methods in high-pass transformations in the wavenumber domain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977142)the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2018ZX07111003)+1 种基金the Key Technologies Research and Development Program(No.2019YFC1806104)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JD2006)。
文摘Pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential toxicity.They have wide octanol-water partition coefficients(K_(ow))and different ionization constants(pK_(a))resulting in a poor analysis accuracy and efficiency.A suitable analytical method is the first prerequisite for further research on their environmental behavior to prioritize the substances.This study reviewed a full-scale analytical protocol for environmental samples in the recent ten years:from sampling to instrumental methods.Passive sampling techniques were compared and recommended for long-term continuous and scientific observation.A quick and effective sample extraction and clean-up method are highly required.Chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for determining PPCPs with a wide range of logK_(ow)(-7.53 to 10.80)were summed up.High-resolution mass spectrometry was confirmed to be a promising strategy for screening unknown transformation products,which would provide a nanogram level of detection limits and more accurate mass resolution.Screening strategies and mass change principles were summarized in detail.The recovery rate was important in multiple contaminants analysis identification and factors affecting the recovery rate of PPCPs were also discussed in this review,including sample matrix,target compounds characteristics,extraction method and solid-phase adsorbent.This review provides useful information for the selection of appropriate analytical methods and future development directions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90407011)the National High-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China (No. 2007AA01Z2b3)
文摘A transform method was used to model a discrete time multi-tap direct sampling mixer. The method transforms the mixed filtering and down-sampling stages to separate cascade filtering and sampling stages to determine the unfolded frequency response which shows the anti-aliasing ability of the mixer. The trans-formation can also be applied to other mixed signal and multi-rate receiver systems to analyze their unfolded frequency responses. The transformed system architecture was used to calculate the unfolded frequency response of the multi-tap direct sampling mixer and compared with the mixer model without noise in the advanced design system 2005A environment to further evaluate the frequency response. The simulations show that the -3 dB bandwidth is 3.0 MHz and the voltage gain is attenuated by 1.5 dB within a 1-MHz baseband bandwidth.
文摘With the help of CCD images,the realization of high precision po-sitioning and measurement has become the basic standard for machine vision andreal time photogrammetry systems.However,deformation and other sorts ofdegradation occurring during transmission are major limiting factors of the preci-sion attainable with most current CCD cameras and frame grabbers.So a preciseradiometric and geometric transmission of images from CCD sensor to memory is afundamental aspect of CCD camera calibration.The geometric calibration system,which uses some image processing algorithms of the CCD camera based on the re-searched and developed system is discussed.The reliability and validity are alsodiscussed.The experimental results for the calibration of the CCD array will betaken as an important quality index for CCD evaluation.
