The ability to track & trace materials is a key feature in the entire chain, and it ensures circularity principles. Examples from plastic recycling show the enormous added value that analytical technology can have...The ability to track & trace materials is a key feature in the entire chain, and it ensures circularity principles. Examples from plastic recycling show the enormous added value that analytical technology can have for the circular economy. During polymer production and recycling processes, pigments can be added for different purposes;e.g. as colouring agent of the polymeric product but also as tracer for tracking process development and control in the final recycle products versus possible by-products. An analytical method for tracking the pigment Solvent Blue 15 in input materials, in intermediates as well as in recyclates was developed by tracing and quantifying an indicator metal which is copper (Cu). Therefore, suitable digestion procedures and a quantification method by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) were developed and used for measuring the polymeric digests. The method was tested on relevant samples from chemical recycling processes. The background concentrations in base/raw material are in the range of 0.05 - 0.1 mg<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span>kg<span style="font-family:'Verdana, Helvetica, Arial';"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-1<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></sup></span></span> Cu. The processing concentrations are in the range of 4.2 to 28 mg<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span>kg<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-1</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></span> Cu, while the pigment starting material (polyethylene, PE) has a concentration of around 50 mg<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helv展开更多
文摘测量精度是雷达核心系统指标之一,工程中对其进行准确评估有着重要意义;实际应用中在利用民航广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B,automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast)数据进行精度评估时常因时间信息缺失、时间节拍不均匀等原因导致航迹点匹配误差增大,精度评估效果急剧下降甚至失效;针对上述问题对欠时间信息条件下精度评估问题进行了研究,采用了基于动态时间弯曲(DTW,dynamic time warping)算法的雷达航迹点匹配技术,利用形状信息在时间信息缺失的情况下仍能实现航迹点精确匹配从而提升评估精度;考虑到实际应用中边界束缚与计算资源限制,一种预筛选与下界加速技术被提出;然后基于实际应用中序列高维序列信息采用联合度量方法进一步提高航迹点匹配精度;最后在实际测量数据上进行验证,经实验测试表明本方法在时间信息缺失的情况下也可准确评估雷达精度,计算速度快;算法扩展了基于ADS-B数据的精度评估应用范围,具有广泛实用价值。
文摘The ability to track & trace materials is a key feature in the entire chain, and it ensures circularity principles. Examples from plastic recycling show the enormous added value that analytical technology can have for the circular economy. During polymer production and recycling processes, pigments can be added for different purposes;e.g. as colouring agent of the polymeric product but also as tracer for tracking process development and control in the final recycle products versus possible by-products. An analytical method for tracking the pigment Solvent Blue 15 in input materials, in intermediates as well as in recyclates was developed by tracing and quantifying an indicator metal which is copper (Cu). Therefore, suitable digestion procedures and a quantification method by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) were developed and used for measuring the polymeric digests. The method was tested on relevant samples from chemical recycling processes. The background concentrations in base/raw material are in the range of 0.05 - 0.1 mg<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span>kg<span style="font-family:'Verdana, Helvetica, Arial';"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-1<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></sup></span></span> Cu. The processing concentrations are in the range of 4.2 to 28 mg<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span>kg<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-1</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></span> Cu, while the pigment starting material (polyethylene, PE) has a concentration of around 50 mg<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helv
