2017年10月18日,Science Translational Medicine发布题为"Aristolochic acids and their derivatives are widely implicated in liver cancers in Taiwan and throughout Asia"的研究论文,该文指出含马兜铃酸的草药可通过...2017年10月18日,Science Translational Medicine发布题为"Aristolochic acids and their derivatives are widely implicated in liver cancers in Taiwan and throughout Asia"的研究论文,该文指出含马兜铃酸的草药可通过诱导特异性的"马兜铃酸突变指纹"诱发肝癌,并建议公众避免摄入含有马兜铃酸的草药。我国自2000年始,针对含马兜铃酸的中草药,国家食品药品监督管理总局(CFDA)陆续取消了关木通、广防己和青木香等的药用标准,并通知加强相关药物监管;《中国药典》中也逐渐取消一系列相关中草药的记载。此文发表后,国家中医药管理局快速启动了关于马兜铃酸的"毒性"问题研讨会,与会专家对国内外关于马兜铃酸的毒性研究进行了充分讨论,发现暴露史、致癌剂量和潜伏期不明确,乙肝等关键影响因素未纳入分析,样本量小、混杂因素多,证据链不完整,数据间巨大差异缺少解析,基础研究论据不足等是目前研究存在的主要问题。为了正确认识马兜铃酸的毒性和致癌风险、指导临床安全合理用药,专家们提出如下建议:(1)尽快完善马兜铃酸致癌性的系统评价,科学阐明马兜铃酸与肝癌发生的关系;(2)制定含马兜铃酸类药物安全用药风险警示,进一步加大监管力度;(3)深化中药毒性的临床研究,逐步明确所有中药的临床不良反应。展开更多
幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)是一种生长在胃粘膜表面与粘膜层之间的微需氧菌.自1983年 Marshall et al 首次从胃粘膜中分离出 Hp 以来,大量研究表明该菌与慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡密切相关,也与胃癌有一定关系.但人群中Hp 感染率为...幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)是一种生长在胃粘膜表面与粘膜层之间的微需氧菌.自1983年 Marshall et al 首次从胃粘膜中分离出 Hp 以来,大量研究表明该菌与慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡密切相关,也与胃癌有一定关系.但人群中Hp 感染率为50%左右,而只有少数 Hp 感染者发展为消化性溃疡甚至胃癌,造成这种反应的差异有两个原因,一是 Hp 毒力的大小,二是人体的防御能力.而 Hp 的毒力又依 Hp 亚型不同而不同,故各地区感染 Hp 的结果也不一样.因此,对 Hp毒力的研究受到重视.展开更多
We examined the possible multiple defects induced by acute and prolonged exposure to high levels of manganese（Mn） solution by monitoring the endpoints of lifespan,development,reproduction,and stress response.Our dat...We examined the possible multiple defects induced by acute and prolonged exposure to high levels of manganese（Mn） solution by monitoring the endpoints of lifespan,development,reproduction,and stress response.Our data suggest that acute exposure（6 h） to Mn did not cause severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction,similarly,no significant defect could be found in animals exposed to a low concentration of Mn（2.5 μmol/L） for 48 h.In contrast,prolonged exposure（48 h） to high Mn concentrations（75 and 200 μmol/L） resulted in significant defects of life span,development,and reproduction,as well as the increase of the percentage of population with hsp-16.2：：gfp expression indicating the obvious induction of stress responses in exposed animals.Moreover,prolonged exposure（48 h） to high concentrations（75 and 200 μmol/L） of Mn decreased the expression levels of antioxidant genes of sod-1,sod-2,sod-3,and sod-4 compared to control.Therefore,prolonged exposure to high concentrations of Mn will induce the severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction in nematodes possibly by affecting the stress response and expression of antioxidant genes in Caenorhabditis elegans.展开更多
文摘2017年10月18日,Science Translational Medicine发布题为"Aristolochic acids and their derivatives are widely implicated in liver cancers in Taiwan and throughout Asia"的研究论文,该文指出含马兜铃酸的草药可通过诱导特异性的"马兜铃酸突变指纹"诱发肝癌,并建议公众避免摄入含有马兜铃酸的草药。我国自2000年始,针对含马兜铃酸的中草药,国家食品药品监督管理总局(CFDA)陆续取消了关木通、广防己和青木香等的药用标准,并通知加强相关药物监管;《中国药典》中也逐渐取消一系列相关中草药的记载。此文发表后,国家中医药管理局快速启动了关于马兜铃酸的"毒性"问题研讨会,与会专家对国内外关于马兜铃酸的毒性研究进行了充分讨论,发现暴露史、致癌剂量和潜伏期不明确,乙肝等关键影响因素未纳入分析,样本量小、混杂因素多,证据链不完整,数据间巨大差异缺少解析,基础研究论据不足等是目前研究存在的主要问题。为了正确认识马兜铃酸的毒性和致癌风险、指导临床安全合理用药,专家们提出如下建议:(1)尽快完善马兜铃酸致癌性的系统评价,科学阐明马兜铃酸与肝癌发生的关系;(2)制定含马兜铃酸类药物安全用药风险警示,进一步加大监管力度;(3)深化中药毒性的临床研究,逐步明确所有中药的临床不良反应。
文摘幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)是一种生长在胃粘膜表面与粘膜层之间的微需氧菌.自1983年 Marshall et al 首次从胃粘膜中分离出 Hp 以来,大量研究表明该菌与慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡密切相关,也与胃癌有一定关系.但人群中Hp 感染率为50%左右,而只有少数 Hp 感染者发展为消化性溃疡甚至胃癌,造成这种反应的差异有两个原因,一是 Hp 毒力的大小,二是人体的防御能力.而 Hp 的毒力又依 Hp 亚型不同而不同,故各地区感染 Hp 的结果也不一样.因此,对 Hp毒力的研究受到重视.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771113, 30870810)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
文摘We examined the possible multiple defects induced by acute and prolonged exposure to high levels of manganese（Mn） solution by monitoring the endpoints of lifespan,development,reproduction,and stress response.Our data suggest that acute exposure（6 h） to Mn did not cause severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction,similarly,no significant defect could be found in animals exposed to a low concentration of Mn（2.5 μmol/L） for 48 h.In contrast,prolonged exposure（48 h） to high Mn concentrations（75 and 200 μmol/L） resulted in significant defects of life span,development,and reproduction,as well as the increase of the percentage of population with hsp-16.2：：gfp expression indicating the obvious induction of stress responses in exposed animals.Moreover,prolonged exposure（48 h） to high concentrations（75 and 200 μmol/L） of Mn decreased the expression levels of antioxidant genes of sod-1,sod-2,sod-3,and sod-4 compared to control.Therefore,prolonged exposure to high concentrations of Mn will induce the severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction in nematodes possibly by affecting the stress response and expression of antioxidant genes in Caenorhabditis elegans.
