针对成本约束有向无环图DAG(directed acyclic graph)表示的网格工作流完工时间最小化问题,提出两个基于优先级规则的迭代启发算法.算法利用并行活动特征定义正向分层和逆向分层两个概念,将其分别引入最大收益规则MP(maximum profit),...针对成本约束有向无环图DAG(directed acyclic graph)表示的网格工作流完工时间最小化问题,提出两个基于优先级规则的迭代启发算法.算法利用并行活动特征定义正向分层和逆向分层两个概念,将其分别引入最大收益规则MP(maximum profit),得到正分层最大收益规则MPTL(maximum profit with top level)和逆分层最大收益规则MPBL(maximum profit with bottom level).两规则每次迭代尽量以完工时间的最小增加换取总费用的最大降低,逐步将分层初始解构造为满足成本约束的可行解.模拟结果表明,两规则在获得较少迭代次数和运行时间的同时,能显著改进MP规则的平均性能,且MPBL优于MPTL.展开更多
This study considered the role of coal as China’s basic energy source and examines the development of the coal industry.We focused on the intelligent development of coal mines,and introduced the“Chinese mode”of int...This study considered the role of coal as China’s basic energy source and examines the development of the coal industry.We focused on the intelligent development of coal mines,and introduced the“Chinese mode”of intelligent mining in underground coal mines,which uses complete sets of technical equipment to propose classifcation and grading standards.In view of the basic characteristics and technical requirements of intelligent coal mine systems,we established a digital logic model and propose an information entity and knowledge map construction method.This involves an active information push strategy based on a knowledge demand model and an intelligent portfolio modeling and distribution method for collaborative control of coal mines.The top-level architecture of 5G+intelligent coal mine systems combines intelligent applications such as autonomous intelligent mining,human–machine collaborative rapid tunneling,unmanned auxiliary transportation,closed-loop safety control,lean collaborative operation,and intelligent ecology.Progress in intelligent mining technology was described in terms of a dynamic modifed geological model,underground 5G network and positioning technology,intelligent control of the mining height and straightness of the longwall working face,and intelligent mining equipment.The development of intelligent coal mines was analyzed in terms of its imbalances,bottlenecks,and the compatibility of large-scale systems.Implementation ideas for promoting the development of intelligent coal mines were proposed,such as establishing construction standards and technical specifcations,implementing classifcation and grading standards according to mining policy,accelerating key technology research,and building a new management and control model.展开更多
This review of new understanding and forecasting of tropical cyclones(TCs) is based on presentations at the International Top-level Forum on Rapid Change Phenomena in Tropical Cyclones in Haikou, China. The major topi...This review of new understanding and forecasting of tropical cyclones(TCs) is based on presentations at the International Top-level Forum on Rapid Change Phenomena in Tropical Cyclones in Haikou, China. The major topics are the sudden changes in tracks, rapid changes in structure and intensity, rapid changes in rainfall, and advances in forecasting and forecaster requirements. Although improved track forecast guidance has been achieved with the Australian ACCESS-TC model and in track forecasts to 120 h by the China Meteorological Administration, there is a continuing need for better understanding and improved track forecast guidance. Advances in understanding of processes related to rapid intensification(RI), secondary eyewall formation, mechanisms controlling inner-core structure and size changes, and structure and intensity changes at landfall have been achieved, but progress in prediction of rapid changes in structure and intensity has been slow. Taking into account complex interactions involved in TC-related rainfall, a prioritized list of physical processes that govern rainfall from landfalling TCs in China has been developed. While forecaster participants were generally encouraged by the progress being made, they expressed a strong desire for a transition of that new knowledge to timely and reliable forecast guidance products.展开更多
In April 2015,the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee adopted the“Outline of the Plan for the Coordinated Development of Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei.”In July 2017,the“Plan for the Integrated Development of ...In April 2015,the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee adopted the“Outline of the Plan for the Coordinated Development of Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei.”In July 2017,the“Plan for the Integrated Development of Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei Talents(2017–2030),”jointly prepared by the leading groups of the three regions,was officially released.The core of the coordinated development of these three regions is the orderly removal of non-capital functions from Beijing.Talents,especially medical talents,are integral to this transition.The construction of a medical talent community across these three regions promotes the further development of a healthier China,meets the growing needs of the people for a better life,and embodies the concept of putting people first.This paper begins by examining the current situation of the construction of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei medical talent community,reviewing the progress made,analyzing existing problems,and proposing targeted countermeasures and suggestions.展开更多
Managers'characteristics have been identified to have an influence on how they perceive innovation.This study examines the role of top managers'experience and how it influences their propensity to innovate.It ...Managers'characteristics have been identified to have an influence on how they perceive innovation.This study examines the role of top managers'experience and how it influences their propensity to innovate.It employs a logit model to analyze data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys,primarily from small-and medium-sized enterprises in Russia.We justify the positive effect of managers'years of experience as an influential factor of enterprises'innovativeness in developing countries.The results show that top managers'years of experience directly affect innovation.展开更多
Model-based diagnosis(MBD)with multiple observations shows its significance in identifying fault location.The existing approaches for MBD with multiple observations use observations which is inconsistent with the pred...Model-based diagnosis(MBD)with multiple observations shows its significance in identifying fault location.The existing approaches for MBD with multiple observations use observations which is inconsistent with the prediction of the system.In this paper,we proposed a novel diagnosis approach,namely,the Diagnosis with Different Observations(DiagDO),to exploit the diagnosis when given a set of pseudo normal observations and a set of abnormal observations.Three ideas are proposed in this paper.First,for each pseudo normal observation,we propagate the value of system inputs and gain fanin-free edges to shrink the size of possible faulty components.Second,for each abnormal observation,we utilize filtered nodes to seek surely normal components.Finally,we encode all the surely normal components and parts of dominated components into hard clauses and compute diagnosis using the MaxSAT solver and MCS algorithm.Extensive tests on the ISCAS'85 and ITC'99 benchmarks show that our approach performs better than the state-of-the-art algorithms.展开更多
Multi-disciplinary virtual prototypes of complex products are increasingly and widely used in modern advanced manufactur- ing. How to effectively address the problems of unified modeling, composition and reuse based o...Multi-disciplinary virtual prototypes of complex products are increasingly and widely used in modern advanced manufactur- ing. How to effectively address the problems of unified modeling, composition and reuse based on the multi-disciplinary heteroge- neous models has brought great challenges to the modeling and simulation （M＆S） science and technology. This paper presents a top-level modeling theory based on the meta modeling framework （M2F） of the COllaborative SIMulation （COSlM） theory of virtual prototyping to solve the problems. Firstly the fundamental prin- ciples of the top-level modeling theory are decribed to expound the premise, assumptions, basic conventions and special require- ments in the description of complex heterogeneous systems. Next the formalized definitions for each factor in top level modeling are proposed and the hierarchical nature of them is illustrated. After demonstrating that they are self-closing, this paper divides the top- level modeling into two views, static structural graph and dynamic behavioral graph. Finally, a case study is discussed to demon- strate the feasibility of the theory.展开更多
Global climate governance has entered the era of carbon neutrality,as a growing number of countries have set the goal of carbon neutrality for long-term emissions reduction toward the mid-21st century.In 2020,China al...Global climate governance has entered the era of carbon neutrality,as a growing number of countries have set the goal of carbon neutrality for long-term emissions reduction toward the mid-21st century.In 2020,China also pledged itself to the goal of carbon neutrality,which creates an urgent demand for this country to establish a systematic and integrated national climate governance system.Against this background,this paper conducts a systematic literature review of climate governance systems from the perspectives of top-level design and the governance paradigm to bring insights into climate governance toward carbon neutrality.The results show that although there are interactions between decarbonization and other environmental,social and economic fields,research gaps still exist when enhancing climate governance toward carbon neutrality.For example,issues regarding incorporating climate factors into the overall economic and social layout,strengthening the capacity of data collection relevant to climate adaptation,integrating climate mitigation and adaption actions,as well as connecting domestic climate governance and international cooperation,need to be further addressed.In addition,within the national governance system,studies combining both regional and sectoral concerns and the intertemporal dynamic allocation mechanism need to be further addressed when China decomposes its national climate target.Moreover,the division of power between the central government and local government,as well as the communication scheme between government and non-state actors,also turns out to be important for effective governance.Based on this analysis,policy implications are further proposed for China’s formulation and implementation of long-term strategies of climate governance toward carbon neutrality.展开更多
Reading comprehension plays a vital role in English teaching and learning. It's impossible to learn English without reading. So for many years, English teachers have been engaging themselves in the research of tea...Reading comprehension plays a vital role in English teaching and learning. It's impossible to learn English without reading. So for many years, English teachers have been engaging themselves in the research of teaching reading effectively and they have proposed useful ways of teaching reading, such as bottom-up and top-down. Recently, the research in native English readers has shown that teaching of the text structure can facilitate first language reading. Based on the research in native English reading, the author carries out the research where top-level structure is applied to 'New Horizon College English'. The basic approaches in this essay are 'cause—effect' 'problem—solution' and 'time sequence'. The practice has proved that the application of top-level structure can guide the readers to build up the awareness of text structure and it can help the students overcome language and cultural barriers.展开更多
The As-level topology is a hotspot of the recent reseaches. We can understand the centralization of the network clearly by researching the evolvement trend of the Internet macroscopic topology. The massive data we use...The As-level topology is a hotspot of the recent reseaches. We can understand the centralization of the network clearly by researching the evolvement trend of the Internet macroscopic topology. The massive data we use in this paper is from CAIDA (The Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis) Skitter project. And the time span of the data is from July, 2001 to January, 2008. This paper introduces the background of the AS-level topology at first, then carries out the evolvement of degree, core and layer. It is believed that the influence of the top-degree nodes on the other nodes decreases and the centralization of network is going to fall off with the decrease of the core. And the nucleus status of network declines.展开更多
A smart city provides a new idea and model for urban construction, management, and development. This article proposes the concepts and methodology for top-level design of smart cities based on the ＂ Integration of Fo...A smart city provides a new idea and model for urban construction, management, and development. This article proposes the concepts and methodology for top-level design of smart cities based on the ＂ Integration of Four Plans ＂, and the planning process and systems for implementing the top-level design of smart cities. This article discusses, from the perspective of a city, how to optimize resource allocation, coordinate the development of urban economy, society, resources, environment, and people＇s livelihood, and map out the blueprints for healthy and sustainable development of a smart city.展开更多
文摘针对成本约束有向无环图DAG(directed acyclic graph)表示的网格工作流完工时间最小化问题,提出两个基于优先级规则的迭代启发算法.算法利用并行活动特征定义正向分层和逆向分层两个概念,将其分别引入最大收益规则MP(maximum profit),得到正分层最大收益规则MPTL(maximum profit with top level)和逆分层最大收益规则MPBL(maximum profit with bottom level).两规则每次迭代尽量以完工时间的最小增加换取总费用的最大降低,逐步将分层初始解构造为满足成本约束的可行解.模拟结果表明,两规则在获得较少迭代次数和运行时间的同时,能显著改进MP规则的平均性能,且MPBL优于MPTL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 51834006 and 51874174).
文摘This study considered the role of coal as China’s basic energy source and examines the development of the coal industry.We focused on the intelligent development of coal mines,and introduced the“Chinese mode”of intelligent mining in underground coal mines,which uses complete sets of technical equipment to propose classifcation and grading standards.In view of the basic characteristics and technical requirements of intelligent coal mine systems,we established a digital logic model and propose an information entity and knowledge map construction method.This involves an active information push strategy based on a knowledge demand model and an intelligent portfolio modeling and distribution method for collaborative control of coal mines.The top-level architecture of 5G+intelligent coal mine systems combines intelligent applications such as autonomous intelligent mining,human–machine collaborative rapid tunneling,unmanned auxiliary transportation,closed-loop safety control,lean collaborative operation,and intelligent ecology.Progress in intelligent mining technology was described in terms of a dynamic modifed geological model,underground 5G network and positioning technology,intelligent control of the mining height and straightness of the longwall working face,and intelligent mining equipment.The development of intelligent coal mines was analyzed in terms of its imbalances,bottlenecks,and the compatibility of large-scale systems.Implementation ideas for promoting the development of intelligent coal mines were proposed,such as establishing construction standards and technical specifcations,implementing classifcation and grading standards according to mining policy,accelerating key technology research,and building a new management and control model.
文摘This review of new understanding and forecasting of tropical cyclones(TCs) is based on presentations at the International Top-level Forum on Rapid Change Phenomena in Tropical Cyclones in Haikou, China. The major topics are the sudden changes in tracks, rapid changes in structure and intensity, rapid changes in rainfall, and advances in forecasting and forecaster requirements. Although improved track forecast guidance has been achieved with the Australian ACCESS-TC model and in track forecasts to 120 h by the China Meteorological Administration, there is a continuing need for better understanding and improved track forecast guidance. Advances in understanding of processes related to rapid intensification(RI), secondary eyewall formation, mechanisms controlling inner-core structure and size changes, and structure and intensity changes at landfall have been achieved, but progress in prediction of rapid changes in structure and intensity has been slow. Taking into account complex interactions involved in TC-related rainfall, a prioritized list of physical processes that govern rainfall from landfalling TCs in China has been developed. While forecaster participants were generally encouraged by the progress being made, they expressed a strong desire for a transition of that new knowledge to timely and reliable forecast guidance products.
文摘In April 2015,the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee adopted the“Outline of the Plan for the Coordinated Development of Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei.”In July 2017,the“Plan for the Integrated Development of Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei Talents(2017–2030),”jointly prepared by the leading groups of the three regions,was officially released.The core of the coordinated development of these three regions is the orderly removal of non-capital functions from Beijing.Talents,especially medical talents,are integral to this transition.The construction of a medical talent community across these three regions promotes the further development of a healthier China,meets the growing needs of the people for a better life,and embodies the concept of putting people first.This paper begins by examining the current situation of the construction of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei medical talent community,reviewing the progress made,analyzing existing problems,and proposing targeted countermeasures and suggestions.
文摘Managers'characteristics have been identified to have an influence on how they perceive innovation.This study examines the role of top managers'experience and how it influences their propensity to innovate.It employs a logit model to analyze data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys,primarily from small-and medium-sized enterprises in Russia.We justify the positive effect of managers'years of experience as an influential factor of enterprises'innovativeness in developing countries.The results show that top managers'years of experience directly affect innovation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62076108,61972360,and 61872159).
文摘Model-based diagnosis(MBD)with multiple observations shows its significance in identifying fault location.The existing approaches for MBD with multiple observations use observations which is inconsistent with the prediction of the system.In this paper,we proposed a novel diagnosis approach,namely,the Diagnosis with Different Observations(DiagDO),to exploit the diagnosis when given a set of pseudo normal observations and a set of abnormal observations.Three ideas are proposed in this paper.First,for each pseudo normal observation,we propagate the value of system inputs and gain fanin-free edges to shrink the size of possible faulty components.Second,for each abnormal observation,we utilize filtered nodes to seek surely normal components.Finally,we encode all the surely normal components and parts of dominated components into hard clauses and compute diagnosis using the MaxSAT solver and MCS algorithm.Extensive tests on the ISCAS'85 and ITC'99 benchmarks show that our approach performs better than the state-of-the-art algorithms.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) (2011AA040502).
文摘Multi-disciplinary virtual prototypes of complex products are increasingly and widely used in modern advanced manufactur- ing. How to effectively address the problems of unified modeling, composition and reuse based on the multi-disciplinary heteroge- neous models has brought great challenges to the modeling and simulation （M＆S） science and technology. This paper presents a top-level modeling theory based on the meta modeling framework （M2F） of the COllaborative SIMulation （COSlM） theory of virtual prototyping to solve the problems. Firstly the fundamental prin- ciples of the top-level modeling theory are decribed to expound the premise, assumptions, basic conventions and special require- ments in the description of complex heterogeneous systems. Next the formalized definitions for each factor in top level modeling are proposed and the hierarchical nature of them is illustrated. After demonstrating that they are self-closing, this paper divides the top- level modeling into two views, static structural graph and dynamic behavioral graph. Finally, a case study is discussed to demon- strate the feasibility of the theory.
基金Financial support was obtained from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants No.2018YFA0606504,2018YFC1509008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.72140007,71804178,71573249).
文摘Global climate governance has entered the era of carbon neutrality,as a growing number of countries have set the goal of carbon neutrality for long-term emissions reduction toward the mid-21st century.In 2020,China also pledged itself to the goal of carbon neutrality,which creates an urgent demand for this country to establish a systematic and integrated national climate governance system.Against this background,this paper conducts a systematic literature review of climate governance systems from the perspectives of top-level design and the governance paradigm to bring insights into climate governance toward carbon neutrality.The results show that although there are interactions between decarbonization and other environmental,social and economic fields,research gaps still exist when enhancing climate governance toward carbon neutrality.For example,issues regarding incorporating climate factors into the overall economic and social layout,strengthening the capacity of data collection relevant to climate adaptation,integrating climate mitigation and adaption actions,as well as connecting domestic climate governance and international cooperation,need to be further addressed.In addition,within the national governance system,studies combining both regional and sectoral concerns and the intertemporal dynamic allocation mechanism need to be further addressed when China decomposes its national climate target.Moreover,the division of power between the central government and local government,as well as the communication scheme between government and non-state actors,also turns out to be important for effective governance.Based on this analysis,policy implications are further proposed for China’s formulation and implementation of long-term strategies of climate governance toward carbon neutrality.
文摘Reading comprehension plays a vital role in English teaching and learning. It's impossible to learn English without reading. So for many years, English teachers have been engaging themselves in the research of teaching reading effectively and they have proposed useful ways of teaching reading, such as bottom-up and top-down. Recently, the research in native English readers has shown that teaching of the text structure can facilitate first language reading. Based on the research in native English reading, the author carries out the research where top-level structure is applied to 'New Horizon College English'. The basic approaches in this essay are 'cause—effect' 'problem—solution' and 'time sequence'. The practice has proved that the application of top-level structure can guide the readers to build up the awareness of text structure and it can help the students overcome language and cultural barriers.
文摘The As-level topology is a hotspot of the recent reseaches. We can understand the centralization of the network clearly by researching the evolvement trend of the Internet macroscopic topology. The massive data we use in this paper is from CAIDA (The Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis) Skitter project. And the time span of the data is from July, 2001 to January, 2008. This paper introduces the background of the AS-level topology at first, then carries out the evolvement of degree, core and layer. It is believed that the influence of the top-degree nodes on the other nodes decreases and the centralization of network is going to fall off with the decrease of the core. And the nucleus status of network declines.
文摘A smart city provides a new idea and model for urban construction, management, and development. This article proposes the concepts and methodology for top-level design of smart cities based on the ＂ Integration of Four Plans ＂, and the planning process and systems for implementing the top-level design of smart cities. This article discusses, from the perspective of a city, how to optimize resource allocation, coordinate the development of urban economy, society, resources, environment, and people＇s livelihood, and map out the blueprints for healthy and sustainable development of a smart city.
