This tomb is a large-sized wooden-chamber pit at Xucungang, Zhulin township, Qixian county, Henan province. It has an earth-rammed mound at the top and a sloping tomb-passage at the southern end. In the pit is a circl...This tomb is a large-sized wooden-chamber pit at Xucungang, Zhulin township, Qixian county, Henan province. It has an earth-rammed mound at the top and a sloping tomb-passage at the southern end. In the pit is a circle of stone wall, the gap outside which is filled with charcoal, and the tomb bottom is covered with stoneslabs. The room within the walls is divided into two parts: the frontal for funeral objects and the rear for a wooden chamber and the coffin it encases. The chamber is triplex, built of narrow blocks of wood; the coffin, double, with the boards mortised together. Of the funeral objects, despite serious robbery, there remain jades, bronzes, irons, lacquered articles, and a number of “wu zhu” coins.Judging from the characteristic features of the tomb shape and grave goods, the tomb can be dated to the late Western Han period.展开更多
This paper investigates the effect of environmental policy on income inequality.It focuses on the central environmental protection inspection led by the central government in China.Using a diference-in-diferences appr...This paper investigates the effect of environmental policy on income inequality.It focuses on the central environmental protection inspection led by the central government in China.Using a diference-in-diferences approach,it finds evidence that environmental regulation decreased the per capita income and enlarged the gap between urban and rural income while showing an insignificant effect on employment.Although the policy can reduce pollution levels and bring environmental benefits in aggregate,the findings of this study suggest that the regulations appear to have reduced the proportion of manufacturing industry and hindered general innovation and investment from entrepreneurs,which resulted in greater inequality.Rural residents suffered more from environmental regulation due to relatively high migration costs and their disadvantaged human resources on the aspects of health,education level,and skills.The local government's execution incentive can also play a key role in the effectiveness of environmental policy.Regions with lower GDP growth targets and younger government leaders were affected significantly with regard to the income growth of local residents and the urban-rural income gap.展开更多
The bench top test is one of the most important and effective methods to evaluate the total thermal protective performance(TPP) of firefighters' protective clothing,which is greatly influenced by the air gaps entr...The bench top test is one of the most important and effective methods to evaluate the total thermal protective performance(TPP) of firefighters' protective clothing,which is greatly influenced by the air gaps entrapped.In this paper,to investigate the effect of air gap width on TPP,a new improved apparatus with two height changeable buttons to hold the thermal sensor was developed to get a series of air gap sizes from 0 mm to 40 mm.The TPP of two types of flame-resistant outer fabrics was measured with TPP test apparatus respectively.Analysis of temperature rise with each air gap width was made to determine the effects of different air gaps on protective performance.It was indicated that air gap size had great effect on TPP of fabrics in the bench top test.An air gap width above 8 mm was suggested for the thermal protective clothing design.展开更多
高水头船闸反弧门顶止水频繁损坏已成为影响船闸运行可靠度的主要问题,开展顶止水工作状态下水动力特性研究十分必要。采用顶止水11切片试验装置,开展反弧门小开度运行时顶止水窄缝射流水动力学试验研究,揭示顶止水窄缝射流空化发生发...高水头船闸反弧门顶止水频繁损坏已成为影响船闸运行可靠度的主要问题,开展顶止水工作状态下水动力特性研究十分必要。采用顶止水11切片试验装置,开展反弧门小开度运行时顶止水窄缝射流水动力学试验研究,揭示顶止水窄缝射流空化发生发展过程、止水表面动水时均压力分布规律和脉动压力能量分布特征。结果表明,窄缝射流空化在顶止水下表面产生20~80 H z的高频压力脉动,易引起柔性止水大变形失稳,是阀门开启初期发生冲击性振动的原因。展开更多
To study the serious valve top gap cavitation of Datengxia high head single-lift ship lock,the 1:1 scale slice experiment is carried out,to truly reveal the gap flow characteristics,as well as the valve top gap cavita...To study the serious valve top gap cavitation of Datengxia high head single-lift ship lock,the 1:1 scale slice experiment is carried out,to truly reveal the gap flow characteristics,as well as the valve top gap cavitation characteristics and the anti-cavitation mechanism of natural aeration.Three kinds of cavitation,namely,the throat cavitation,the mainstream inner cavitation,and the valve plate cavitation,are determined and they are found to occur step-by-step in the gap section in the development of the cavitation.According to the anti-cavitation mechanism of the natural aeration,the pressure of the gap flow through the ventilation is increased,to avoid the mainstream inner cavitation and the valve plate cavitation,and to weaken the throat cavitation.The negative pressure zone in the gap section gradually extends with the development of the cavitation until the gap section is filled with a stable−10 m water head.When the natural aeration measure is employed,the pressure in the gap section approximately reaches the−2 m water head,and the cavitation disappears.The systematic tests reveal the quadratic polynomial relationship between the pressure in the gap and the ventilation per meter width.The pressure,which corresponds to the maximum value of the ventilation at the beginning of the gap,approximately reaches the−2 m water head,and the pressure and the ventilation reach the equilibrium state limit.When the pressure in the gap increases when the valve is opened,the ventilation gradually decreases until the natural aeration stops.The gap section length for the high head valves has a great effect on the natural aeration and should be long enough to maintain the stable negative pressure in the gap,whereas the throat width has a minimal effect.Results can be used for the anti-cavitation design of the high head lock valve.展开更多
以权力决定理论(Managerial power approach)为依据,引入经理自主权变量研究高管报酬差距的决定机制及其对公司业绩的影响效应。在理论分析的基础上,选择2004年沪、深A股上市公司数据为样本,采用曲线估计、多元回归进行实证分析。主要...以权力决定理论(Managerial power approach)为依据,引入经理自主权变量研究高管报酬差距的决定机制及其对公司业绩的影响效应。在理论分析的基础上,选择2004年沪、深A股上市公司数据为样本,采用曲线估计、多元回归进行实证分析。主要结论有:①经理自主权对高管报酬差距具有先促进后抑制的影响效应,呈现典型的倒U型关系。其中,促进效应的存在是因为低自主权经理的权威与利益需求占主导位置,且更强调提高报酬差距促进高管竞争;而抑制效应的出现则是因为高自主权经理更强调不公平感对高管人员的负向影响,倾向于降低高管报酬差距促进合作与满意。②较大的高管报酬差距能够促进高管层对经理的内部监督,约束经理不正当使用自主权,从而促进经理自主权对公司业绩的正效应。展开更多
文摘This tomb is a large-sized wooden-chamber pit at Xucungang, Zhulin township, Qixian county, Henan province. It has an earth-rammed mound at the top and a sloping tomb-passage at the southern end. In the pit is a circle of stone wall, the gap outside which is filled with charcoal, and the tomb bottom is covered with stoneslabs. The room within the walls is divided into two parts: the frontal for funeral objects and the rear for a wooden chamber and the coffin it encases. The chamber is triplex, built of narrow blocks of wood; the coffin, double, with the boards mortised together. Of the funeral objects, despite serious robbery, there remain jades, bronzes, irons, lacquered articles, and a number of “wu zhu” coins.Judging from the characteristic features of the tomb shape and grave goods, the tomb can be dated to the late Western Han period.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72173085 and 71973094)support from a China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No.2023M743896).
文摘This paper investigates the effect of environmental policy on income inequality.It focuses on the central environmental protection inspection led by the central government in China.Using a diference-in-diferences approach,it finds evidence that environmental regulation decreased the per capita income and enlarged the gap between urban and rural income while showing an insignificant effect on employment.Although the policy can reduce pollution levels and bring environmental benefits in aggregate,the findings of this study suggest that the regulations appear to have reduced the proportion of manufacturing industry and hindered general innovation and investment from entrepreneurs,which resulted in greater inequality.Rural residents suffered more from environmental regulation due to relatively high migration costs and their disadvantaged human resources on the aspects of health,education level,and skills.The local government's execution incentive can also play a key role in the effectiveness of environmental policy.Regions with lower GDP growth targets and younger government leaders were affected significantly with regard to the income growth of local residents and the urban-rural income gap.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50876019)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 200802550009)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The bench top test is one of the most important and effective methods to evaluate the total thermal protective performance(TPP) of firefighters' protective clothing,which is greatly influenced by the air gaps entrapped.In this paper,to investigate the effect of air gap width on TPP,a new improved apparatus with two height changeable buttons to hold the thermal sensor was developed to get a series of air gap sizes from 0 mm to 40 mm.The TPP of two types of flame-resistant outer fabrics was measured with TPP test apparatus respectively.Analysis of temperature rise with each air gap width was made to determine the effects of different air gaps on protective performance.It was indicated that air gap size had great effect on TPP of fabrics in the bench top test.An air gap width above 8 mm was suggested for the thermal protective clothing design.
文摘高水头船闸反弧门顶止水频繁损坏已成为影响船闸运行可靠度的主要问题,开展顶止水工作状态下水动力特性研究十分必要。采用顶止水11切片试验装置,开展反弧门小开度运行时顶止水窄缝射流水动力学试验研究,揭示顶止水窄缝射流空化发生发展过程、止水表面动水时均压力分布规律和脉动压力能量分布特征。结果表明,窄缝射流空化在顶止水下表面产生20~80 H z的高频压力脉动,易引起柔性止水大变形失稳,是阀门开启初期发生冲击性振动的原因。
基金Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51479124,51779151).
文摘To study the serious valve top gap cavitation of Datengxia high head single-lift ship lock,the 1:1 scale slice experiment is carried out,to truly reveal the gap flow characteristics,as well as the valve top gap cavitation characteristics and the anti-cavitation mechanism of natural aeration.Three kinds of cavitation,namely,the throat cavitation,the mainstream inner cavitation,and the valve plate cavitation,are determined and they are found to occur step-by-step in the gap section in the development of the cavitation.According to the anti-cavitation mechanism of the natural aeration,the pressure of the gap flow through the ventilation is increased,to avoid the mainstream inner cavitation and the valve plate cavitation,and to weaken the throat cavitation.The negative pressure zone in the gap section gradually extends with the development of the cavitation until the gap section is filled with a stable−10 m water head.When the natural aeration measure is employed,the pressure in the gap section approximately reaches the−2 m water head,and the cavitation disappears.The systematic tests reveal the quadratic polynomial relationship between the pressure in the gap and the ventilation per meter width.The pressure,which corresponds to the maximum value of the ventilation at the beginning of the gap,approximately reaches the−2 m water head,and the pressure and the ventilation reach the equilibrium state limit.When the pressure in the gap increases when the valve is opened,the ventilation gradually decreases until the natural aeration stops.The gap section length for the high head valves has a great effect on the natural aeration and should be long enough to maintain the stable negative pressure in the gap,whereas the throat width has a minimal effect.Results can be used for the anti-cavitation design of the high head lock valve.
文摘以权力决定理论(Managerial power approach)为依据,引入经理自主权变量研究高管报酬差距的决定机制及其对公司业绩的影响效应。在理论分析的基础上,选择2004年沪、深A股上市公司数据为样本,采用曲线估计、多元回归进行实证分析。主要结论有:①经理自主权对高管报酬差距具有先促进后抑制的影响效应,呈现典型的倒U型关系。其中,促进效应的存在是因为低自主权经理的权威与利益需求占主导位置,且更强调提高报酬差距促进高管竞争;而抑制效应的出现则是因为高自主权经理更强调不公平感对高管人员的负向影响,倾向于降低高管报酬差距促进合作与满意。②较大的高管报酬差距能够促进高管层对经理的内部监督,约束经理不正当使用自主权,从而促进经理自主权对公司业绩的正效应。
