A simple‘toy’model of productivity and nitrogen and phosphorus cycling was used to evaluate how the increasing temporal variation in precipitation that is predicted(and observed)to occur as a consequence of greenhou...A simple‘toy’model of productivity and nitrogen and phosphorus cycling was used to evaluate how the increasing temporal variation in precipitation that is predicted(and observed)to occur as a consequence of greenhouse-gasinduced climate change will affect crop yields and losses of reactive N that can cause environmental damage and affect human health.The model predicted that as temporal variability in precipitation increased it progressively reduced yields and increased losses of reactive N by disrupting the synchrony between N supply and plant N uptake.Also,increases in the temporal variation of precipitation increased the frequency of floods and droughts.Predictions of this model indicate that climate-change-driven increases in temporal variation in precipitation in rainfed agricultural ecosystems will make it difficult to sustain cropping systems that are both high-yielding and have small environmental and human-health footprints.展开更多
目的:在加速康复外科(ERAS)理念指导下,观察不同时机穴位贴敷对结直肠癌根治术后胃肠功能恢复及心率变异度(HRV)的影响。方法:选取拟择期行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术患者105例,随机分为术前贴敷组(35例,脱落3例)、术后贴敷组(35例,脱落1例...目的:在加速康复外科(ERAS)理念指导下,观察不同时机穴位贴敷对结直肠癌根治术后胃肠功能恢复及心率变异度(HRV)的影响。方法:选取拟择期行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术患者105例,随机分为术前贴敷组(35例,脱落3例)、术后贴敷组(35例,脱落1例)和对照组(35例,脱落2例)。对照组患者予健康宣教、补液、多模式镇痛等ERAS相关干预;在对照组基础上,术前贴敷组、术后贴敷组分别从术前3 d、术后6 h开始穴位贴敷干预,穴取足三里、上巨虚、三阴交、内关、下巨虚,每次6 h,每天1次,至术后首次出现排气或排便即停止干预。观察3组患者术后首次排气、排便及进食时间;术后1~3 d视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分;术前、术后1周胃肠道症状分级量表(GSRS)评分总分;术前,术后1、3d心率变异度相关指标[全部窦性心搏RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、低频功率/高频功率(LF/HF)]变化,并记录3组患者干预期间的不良反应。结果:术前贴敷组及术后贴敷组患者术后首次排气时间、首次排便时间均早于对照组(P<0.05),术前贴敷组及术后贴敷组术后1~3dVAS评分及术后1周GSRS评分总分均低于对照组(P<0.05),术前贴敷组术后首次进食时间早于对照组(P<0.05),术后1、3 d SDNN、LF/HF均高于对照组(P<0.05)。术前贴敷组术后首次排气时间、首次排便时间均早于术后贴敷组(P<0.05),术后1~3 d VAS评分均低于术后贴敷组(P<0.05),术后1、3 d SDNN及术后1 d LF/HF均高于术后贴敷组(P<0.05)。3组患者均未出现不良反应。结论:在加速康复外科理念指导下,术前穴位贴敷能有效促进行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术患者术后胃肠功能恢复,提高心率变异度及自主神经功能,疗效优于术后穴位贴敷。展开更多
基金supported by a US National Science Foundation grant(2027290)awarded to Stanford University。
文摘A simple‘toy’model of productivity and nitrogen and phosphorus cycling was used to evaluate how the increasing temporal variation in precipitation that is predicted(and observed)to occur as a consequence of greenhouse-gasinduced climate change will affect crop yields and losses of reactive N that can cause environmental damage and affect human health.The model predicted that as temporal variability in precipitation increased it progressively reduced yields and increased losses of reactive N by disrupting the synchrony between N supply and plant N uptake.Also,increases in the temporal variation of precipitation increased the frequency of floods and droughts.Predictions of this model indicate that climate-change-driven increases in temporal variation in precipitation in rainfed agricultural ecosystems will make it difficult to sustain cropping systems that are both high-yielding and have small environmental and human-health footprints.
文摘目的:在加速康复外科(ERAS)理念指导下,观察不同时机穴位贴敷对结直肠癌根治术后胃肠功能恢复及心率变异度(HRV)的影响。方法:选取拟择期行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术患者105例,随机分为术前贴敷组(35例,脱落3例)、术后贴敷组(35例,脱落1例)和对照组(35例,脱落2例)。对照组患者予健康宣教、补液、多模式镇痛等ERAS相关干预;在对照组基础上,术前贴敷组、术后贴敷组分别从术前3 d、术后6 h开始穴位贴敷干预,穴取足三里、上巨虚、三阴交、内关、下巨虚,每次6 h,每天1次,至术后首次出现排气或排便即停止干预。观察3组患者术后首次排气、排便及进食时间;术后1~3 d视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分;术前、术后1周胃肠道症状分级量表(GSRS)评分总分;术前,术后1、3d心率变异度相关指标[全部窦性心搏RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、低频功率/高频功率(LF/HF)]变化,并记录3组患者干预期间的不良反应。结果:术前贴敷组及术后贴敷组患者术后首次排气时间、首次排便时间均早于对照组(P<0.05),术前贴敷组及术后贴敷组术后1~3dVAS评分及术后1周GSRS评分总分均低于对照组(P<0.05),术前贴敷组术后首次进食时间早于对照组(P<0.05),术后1、3 d SDNN、LF/HF均高于对照组(P<0.05)。术前贴敷组术后首次排气时间、首次排便时间均早于术后贴敷组(P<0.05),术后1~3 d VAS评分均低于术后贴敷组(P<0.05),术后1、3 d SDNN及术后1 d LF/HF均高于术后贴敷组(P<0.05)。3组患者均未出现不良反应。结论:在加速康复外科理念指导下,术前穴位贴敷能有效促进行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术患者术后胃肠功能恢复,提高心率变异度及自主神经功能,疗效优于术后穴位贴敷。
