A chloroplast-localized tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （LeFADT） was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures, and function in...A chloroplast-localized tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （LeFADT） was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures, and function in antisense transgenic tomato plants. The deduced amino acid sequence had four histidine-rich regions, of which three regions were highly conserved throughout the whole ω-3 fatty acid desaturasegene family. Southern blotting analysis showed that LeFAD7was encoded by a single copy gene and had two homologous genes in the tomato genome. Northern blot showed that LeFAD7 was expressed in all organs and was especially abundant in leaf tissue. Meanwhile, expression of LeFAD7 was induced by chilling stress （4 ℃）, but was inhibited by high temperature （45 ℃）, in leaves. Transgenic tomato plants were produced by integration of the antisense LeFAD7DNA under the control of a CaMV35S promoter into the genome. Antisense transgenic plants with lower 18 ： 3 content could maintain a higher maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） and O2 evolution rate than wild-type plants. These results suggested that silence of the LeFAD7 gene alleviated high-temperature stress. There was also a correlation between the low content of 18 ： 3 resulting from silence of the LeFAD7 gene and tolerance to high-temperature stress.展开更多
In this paper, the theoretical expressions of wood thermal conductiv ity in the choral and radical direction are derived from the micro-structure of wood by applying some basic principles in physical mechanics. The t...In this paper, the theoretical expressions of wood thermal conductiv ity in the choral and radical direction are derived from the micro-structure of wood by applying some basic principles in physical mechanics. The thermal conduc tivities of about twenty species of trees were calculated by means of the expres sions and compared with its experimental values under the same condition. The av erage relative error is about 5%, so the calculation result is satisfactory.展开更多
Three heat shock protein （HSP） genes （hsp70, hsc70, hsp90） were partially cloned from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus （Homoptera： Delphacidae）, wh...Three heat shock protein （HSP） genes （hsp70, hsc70, hsp90） were partially cloned from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus （Homoptera： Delphacidae）, which are serious pests of the rice plant. Sequence comparisons at the deduced amino acid level showed that the three HSPs of planthoppers were most homologous to corresponding HSPs of dipteran and lepidopteran species. Identities of both heat shock cognate 70 and HSP90 were higher than HSP70 in both species. Identity of the HSP70 between the two planthopper species was only 81%, a value much lower than seen among fly and moth groups. Effects of heat and cold shocks were demonstrated on expression of the three hsp genes in the two planthopper species. Heat shock （40 ℃） upregulated the hsp90 level but did not change the hsc70 level in either the nymph and adult stages of either species. On the other hand, the hsp70 level was only upregulated in L. striatellus. This heat shock response was prompt and lasted only for 1 h after treatment. In contrast, cold shock at 4℃ did not change the expression levels of any hsp in either species.展开更多
目的观察热敏灸结合平衡针治疗肩周炎的疗效,探讨其作用机理。方法将120例肩周炎患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组60例。治疗组以热敏灸结合平衡针治疗,对照组以常规针刺及艾灸治疗,2组均每日治疗1次,7 d 1疗程,共3疗程。分析临床整体...目的观察热敏灸结合平衡针治疗肩周炎的疗效,探讨其作用机理。方法将120例肩周炎患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组60例。治疗组以热敏灸结合平衡针治疗,对照组以常规针刺及艾灸治疗,2组均每日治疗1次,7 d 1疗程,共3疗程。分析临床整体疗效及血清CR P及N O水平的表达进行。结果治疗组疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。血清N O及CR P表达治疗前后比较,对照组没有明显差异(P>0.05),治疗组有明显差异(P<0.01);治疗后2组比较有明显差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论热敏灸结合平衡针具有疗效确切,方便快捷,安全绿色的特点,值得临床使用及推广。展开更多
The drying processes are always applied prior to the transportation or utilization of lignite, and result in notable changes in the stabilities of lignite. In this paper, the study on the effects of nitrogen and MTE d...The drying processes are always applied prior to the transportation or utilization of lignite, and result in notable changes in the stabilities of lignite. In this paper, the study on the effects of nitrogen and MTE drying process on the physico-chemical properties and stabilities of Zhaotung lignite was carried out. The briquettes produced by MTE drying in this study were 150 mm in dimension, and so had a much larger particle size than nitrogen- dried samples. Nitrogen adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy all suggested that drying was accompanied by the transformation of larger pores into smaller ones. Compared to nitrogen drying, the pore structures could be stabilized by the MTE process. The soluble salts were removed during MTE drying which resulted in the decrease in ash and the concentrations of some of the major metals. The removal of water enhanced the hydrophilicity of nitrogen dried samples, but did not affect the hydrophilicity of MTE dried samples. The moisture holding capacity of MTE dried samples reduced faster than nitrogen dried samples with the decrease of residual moisture content. The moisture readsorption processes of MTE dried sam- ples were strongly inhibited due to the much larger particle size of sample produced by MTE drying than nitrogen drying. The susceptibility to spontaneous combustion, indicated by cross point temperature and self-heating tests, of nitrogen and MTE dried samples increased with the decrease of residual moisture content. The MTE dried samples are more liable to spontaneous combustion than nitrogen dried samples with the same residual moisture and particle size. However, the larger particle size of the MTE product made it more stable with respect to spontaneous combustion and also moisture readsorption.展开更多
In this paper, the theoretical expressions of the specific heat and thermal conductivity of wood are first derived from the micro-Structure of wood by applying some basic principles in statistical thermodynamics and p...In this paper, the theoretical expressions of the specific heat and thermal conductivity of wood are first derived from the micro-Structure of wood by applying some basic principles in statistical thermodynamics and physical mechanics. Tested by a great rnany experiments, the average error of theoretical values is about 5%,much less than that of all kinds of exiting empiric equations in the world.展开更多
Aphelinus asychis is an important aphid endoparasitoid.Under field and greenhouse conditions,high temperature is one of the factors limiting the application of A asychis for biological pest control.To explore the pote...Aphelinus asychis is an important aphid endoparasitoid.Under field and greenhouse conditions,high temperature is one of the factors limiting the application of A asychis for biological pest control.To explore the potential role of transient receptor potential(TRP)channels and heat shock proteins(HSPs)in this process,we identified 11 genes encoding TRP channels and nine genes encoding HSPs.Three proteins(AasyTRPA5,AasyPyrexia,AasyPainless)that belong to transient receptor potential ankyrin(TRPA)subfamily and nine HSPs are involved in the response to high temperature.We also investigated the survival of A asychis and the response of the identified TRP channels and HSPs to high temperature.The results showed that the maximum temperature that allowed A.asychis survival was approximately 41°C;females had higher survival rates than that of the males at 40 and 41°C.Short-term heat-shock resulted in increased expression of Amsysbsp in males,and Aasyhsp40,Aasyhsp68,Aasyhsp70-4,Aasyhsp70-5 and Aasyhsp90 were upregulated and then down regulated,whereas Aasyhsp70-3was upregulated at41°C.Moreover,Aasyhsp40and Aasyhsp90showed higherexpression levels in females,while Aasyshsp and Aasyhsp70-3 presented opposite expression patterns.At temperature above 35°C,expression of AasyPyrexia in females was significant higher than that in males,whereas AasyPainless mnd AasyTRPA5 presented higher expression in males at 40 and 41°C,respectively.Altogether,these results indicate that protect!on against thermal stress in A.asychis is coordinated by TRP channels and HSPs.These findings provide a basis for understanding the potential mechanism of A asychis in response to high temperatures.展开更多
Ocean warming is altering the habitats of marine invertebrates,which has resulted in an increased physiological stress to marine molluscs,especially those intertidal bivalves,such as the ark shell Scapharca broughtoni...Ocean warming is altering the habitats of marine invertebrates,which has resulted in an increased physiological stress to marine molluscs,especially those intertidal bivalves,such as the ark shell Scapharca broughtonii.We investigated the physiological and transcriptional responses of ark shells to acute and chronic thermal stress results showed that at 33℃,a significantly higher cumulative mortality(55.7%)occurred under acute thermal stress than chronic thermal stress.The apoptosis rate of hemocytes was sustained at higher levels and the necrosis rate was increased significantly in a time-dependent manner under acute thermal stress.However,under chronic thermal stress,the apoptosis and necrosis rates exhibited similar change trends:a rapid increase followed by a gradual decline and sustained at a relatively high level until the end of the experiment.The expressions of heat shock protein genes(HSP20 and HSP90),apoptosis-related genes(TRAF6,GRP78,NIX,and Casp-3),antioxidative-related genes(GST and MRP)and cellular detoxification-related genes(HbⅡB,NOS-1,HO-1,and ENO-1)were upregulated significantly under both acute and chronic thermal stresses.These results demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic system,antioxidant defense system,cellular detoxification system,and heat shock proteins(HSPs)played vital roles for ark shells in response to thermal stress.As acute thermal stress can result in irreversible damage to marine molluscs,it is thus advised that chronic thermal stress should be used to select thermal-resistant ark shell strains.展开更多
基金Supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China （G1998010100） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30471053）.
文摘A chloroplast-localized tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （LeFADT） was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures, and function in antisense transgenic tomato plants. The deduced amino acid sequence had four histidine-rich regions, of which three regions were highly conserved throughout the whole ω-3 fatty acid desaturasegene family. Southern blotting analysis showed that LeFAD7was encoded by a single copy gene and had two homologous genes in the tomato genome. Northern blot showed that LeFAD7 was expressed in all organs and was especially abundant in leaf tissue. Meanwhile, expression of LeFAD7 was induced by chilling stress （4 ℃）, but was inhibited by high temperature （45 ℃）, in leaves. Transgenic tomato plants were produced by integration of the antisense LeFAD7DNA under the control of a CaMV35S promoter into the genome. Antisense transgenic plants with lower 18 ： 3 content could maintain a higher maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） and O2 evolution rate than wild-type plants. These results suggested that silence of the LeFAD7 gene alleviated high-temperature stress. There was also a correlation between the low content of 18 ： 3 resulting from silence of the LeFAD7 gene and tolerance to high-temperature stress.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujia n Province. Theoretical Research on Wood Thermal Property.
文摘In this paper, the theoretical expressions of wood thermal conductiv ity in the choral and radical direction are derived from the micro-structure of wood by applying some basic principles in physical mechanics. The thermal conduc tivities of about twenty species of trees were calculated by means of the expres sions and compared with its experimental values under the same condition. The av erage relative error is about 5%, so the calculation result is satisfactory.
文摘Three heat shock protein （HSP） genes （hsp70, hsc70, hsp90） were partially cloned from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus （Homoptera： Delphacidae）, which are serious pests of the rice plant. Sequence comparisons at the deduced amino acid level showed that the three HSPs of planthoppers were most homologous to corresponding HSPs of dipteran and lepidopteran species. Identities of both heat shock cognate 70 and HSP90 were higher than HSP70 in both species. Identity of the HSP70 between the two planthopper species was only 81%, a value much lower than seen among fly and moth groups. Effects of heat and cold shocks were demonstrated on expression of the three hsp genes in the two planthopper species. Heat shock （40 ℃） upregulated the hsp90 level but did not change the hsc70 level in either the nymph and adult stages of either species. On the other hand, the hsp70 level was only upregulated in L. striatellus. This heat shock response was prompt and lasted only for 1 h after treatment. In contrast, cold shock at 4℃ did not change the expression levels of any hsp in either species.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51704292,51774285)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M601919)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0600401)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2017QNA25,CPEUKF1704)
文摘The drying processes are always applied prior to the transportation or utilization of lignite, and result in notable changes in the stabilities of lignite. In this paper, the study on the effects of nitrogen and MTE drying process on the physico-chemical properties and stabilities of Zhaotung lignite was carried out. The briquettes produced by MTE drying in this study were 150 mm in dimension, and so had a much larger particle size than nitrogen- dried samples. Nitrogen adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy all suggested that drying was accompanied by the transformation of larger pores into smaller ones. Compared to nitrogen drying, the pore structures could be stabilized by the MTE process. The soluble salts were removed during MTE drying which resulted in the decrease in ash and the concentrations of some of the major metals. The removal of water enhanced the hydrophilicity of nitrogen dried samples, but did not affect the hydrophilicity of MTE dried samples. The moisture holding capacity of MTE dried samples reduced faster than nitrogen dried samples with the decrease of residual moisture content. The moisture readsorption processes of MTE dried sam- ples were strongly inhibited due to the much larger particle size of sample produced by MTE drying than nitrogen drying. The susceptibility to spontaneous combustion, indicated by cross point temperature and self-heating tests, of nitrogen and MTE dried samples increased with the decrease of residual moisture content. The MTE dried samples are more liable to spontaneous combustion than nitrogen dried samples with the same residual moisture and particle size. However, the larger particle size of the MTE product made it more stable with respect to spontaneous combustion and also moisture readsorption.
文摘In this paper, the theoretical expressions of the specific heat and thermal conductivity of wood are first derived from the micro-Structure of wood by applying some basic principles in statistical thermodynamics and physical mechanics. Tested by a great rnany experiments, the average error of theoretical values is about 5%,much less than that of all kinds of exiting empiric equations in the world.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program2013CB127600).We are grateful to all staff and students in the Entomology Department,College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,China and the Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology,Northwest A&F University,China for their assistance.
文摘Aphelinus asychis is an important aphid endoparasitoid.Under field and greenhouse conditions,high temperature is one of the factors limiting the application of A asychis for biological pest control.To explore the potential role of transient receptor potential(TRP)channels and heat shock proteins(HSPs)in this process,we identified 11 genes encoding TRP channels and nine genes encoding HSPs.Three proteins(AasyTRPA5,AasyPyrexia,AasyPainless)that belong to transient receptor potential ankyrin(TRPA)subfamily and nine HSPs are involved in the response to high temperature.We also investigated the survival of A asychis and the response of the identified TRP channels and HSPs to high temperature.The results showed that the maximum temperature that allowed A.asychis survival was approximately 41°C;females had higher survival rates than that of the males at 40 and 41°C.Short-term heat-shock resulted in increased expression of Amsysbsp in males,and Aasyhsp40,Aasyhsp68,Aasyhsp70-4,Aasyhsp70-5 and Aasyhsp90 were upregulated and then down regulated,whereas Aasyhsp70-3was upregulated at41°C.Moreover,Aasyhsp40and Aasyhsp90showed higherexpression levels in females,while Aasyshsp and Aasyhsp70-3 presented opposite expression patterns.At temperature above 35°C,expression of AasyPyrexia in females was significant higher than that in males,whereas AasyPainless mnd AasyTRPA5 presented higher expression in males at 40 and 41°C,respectively.Altogether,these results indicate that protect!on against thermal stress in A.asychis is coordinated by TRP channels and HSPs.These findings provide a basis for understanding the potential mechanism of A asychis in response to high temperatures.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFD0900704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972791)the Earmarked Fund for Shandong Modern AgroIndustry Technology Research System(No.SDAIT-14)。
文摘Ocean warming is altering the habitats of marine invertebrates,which has resulted in an increased physiological stress to marine molluscs,especially those intertidal bivalves,such as the ark shell Scapharca broughtonii.We investigated the physiological and transcriptional responses of ark shells to acute and chronic thermal stress results showed that at 33℃,a significantly higher cumulative mortality(55.7%)occurred under acute thermal stress than chronic thermal stress.The apoptosis rate of hemocytes was sustained at higher levels and the necrosis rate was increased significantly in a time-dependent manner under acute thermal stress.However,under chronic thermal stress,the apoptosis and necrosis rates exhibited similar change trends:a rapid increase followed by a gradual decline and sustained at a relatively high level until the end of the experiment.The expressions of heat shock protein genes(HSP20 and HSP90),apoptosis-related genes(TRAF6,GRP78,NIX,and Casp-3),antioxidative-related genes(GST and MRP)and cellular detoxification-related genes(HbⅡB,NOS-1,HO-1,and ENO-1)were upregulated significantly under both acute and chronic thermal stresses.These results demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic system,antioxidant defense system,cellular detoxification system,and heat shock proteins(HSPs)played vital roles for ark shells in response to thermal stress.As acute thermal stress can result in irreversible damage to marine molluscs,it is thus advised that chronic thermal stress should be used to select thermal-resistant ark shell strains.
