沉积物中粘土矿物的组成具有一定的古气候指示意义。利用沉积物中粘土矿物的组成探讨了黄河源区全新世的古气候变迁。通过X衍射方法分析了一个全新世地层剖面的粘土矿物类型和含量的变化,这些粘土矿物主要由伊利石、伊蒙混层矿物和少量...沉积物中粘土矿物的组成具有一定的古气候指示意义。利用沉积物中粘土矿物的组成探讨了黄河源区全新世的古气候变迁。通过X衍射方法分析了一个全新世地层剖面的粘土矿物类型和含量的变化,这些粘土矿物主要由伊利石、伊蒙混层矿物和少量的高岭石、绿泥石组成。对粘土矿物含量变化的分析和对比研究表明,黄河源区在全新世的气候寒冷干燥,即使在大暖期也显得温凉。全新世的气候演变可划分为3个阶段,即早全新世的干冷期、中全新世的温凉期(大暖期)和晚全新世的干冷期。在大暖期,在7 0kaB P 和5 0kaB P 前后发生了两次较强的降温事件。展开更多
During the years 2006–2009,lakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)were investigated using satellite remote sensing strategies.We report the results of this investigation as well as follow-up research and expanded w...During the years 2006–2009,lakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)were investigated using satellite remote sensing strategies.We report the results of this investigation as well as follow-up research and expanded work.For the investigation,we mainly focused on lakes whose areas are more than 1 km2.The remote sensing data that we used included 408 scenes of CBERS CCD images and 5 scenes of Landsat ETM?images in Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region.All these data were acquired around years 2005–2006.Besides remote sensing images,we also collected 1,259 topographic maps.Numbers and areas of lakes were analyzed statistically,which were then compared with those coming from the first lake investigation(implemented between the1960s and 1980s).According to our investigation,up to and around year 2005–2006,the total number of lakes in the QTP was 1,055(222 in Qinghai and 833 in Tibet),accounting for more than 30%of that of China.Thirty newborn lakes with area[1 km2were found,and 5 dead lakes with initial area[1 km2were also found.Among those 13 big lakes([500 km2),Yamzhog Yumco had seriously shrunk,and it has continued to shrink in recent years;Qinghai Lake had shrunk during the period,but some new researches indicated that it has been expanding since the year 2004;Siling Co,Nam Co,and Chibuzhang Co had expanded in the period.We divided the newborn lakes into six categories according to their forming reasons,including river expansion,wetland conversion,etc.The changes of natural conditions led to the death of four lakes,and human exploitation was the main reason for the death of Dalianhai Lake in Qinghai.We picked out three regions which were sensitive to the change of climate and ecological environment:Nagqu Region,Kekexili Region,and the source area of the Yellow River(SAYR).Lakes in both Nagqu and Kekexili have been expanded;meanwhile,most lakes in the SAYR have obviously been shrunk.These regional patterns of lake changes were highly related to variations of temperature,glacier,precipitation,and evapor展开更多
黄河源区是黄河流域的重要组成部分,其径流变化影响着整个流域的水资源和生态系统安全。本文利用1976—2014年黄河源区径流、气象、数字高程模型DEM(Digital Elevation Model)、土地利用、土壤以及第六次国际耦合模式比较计划CMIP6(6thC...黄河源区是黄河流域的重要组成部分,其径流变化影响着整个流域的水资源和生态系统安全。本文利用1976—2014年黄河源区径流、气象、数字高程模型DEM(Digital Elevation Model)、土地利用、土壤以及第六次国际耦合模式比较计划CMIP6(6thCoupled Model Inter-comparison Project)中8个模式的3个未来情景(SSP126、SSP245和SSP585)气象数据,基于SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型,对黄河源区主要水文站的径流进行了模拟、未来预估和变化分析。研究表明:(1)SWAT模型对黄河源区历史径流模拟的适用性较好,径流模拟的不确定性较小,模拟值较接近于实测值。(2)参数敏感性分析表明27个与水文有关的参数都对径流模拟有一定的影响。其中,土壤蒸发补偿因子、湿润条件II下SCS(Soil Conservation Sevice)径流曲线数、浅层地下水径流系数的敏感性较强,径流受陆面蒸散发、下垫面和降水影响较大。(3)降水是影响未来径流的主要因素。在SSP126和SSP245两种未来情景下,吉迈、玛曲和唐乃亥3个水文站在2021—2100年的两个时期(2021—2060年和2061—2100年)年均流量均呈增加趋势;而在SSP585情景下,2021—2060年呈增加趋势,2061—2100年则呈减少趋势。相对于1976—2014年,未来近期(2021—2060年)唐乃亥和玛曲站年均流量在SSP585情景下增加幅度最低,SSP126情景下增加幅度最高;吉迈站在SSP245情景下增加幅度最高,SSP126情景下增加幅度最低;未来远期(2061—2100年)3个水文站除了吉迈站是在SSP126情景下增加幅度最低外,其余均是在SSP585情景下增加幅度最低,SSP245情景下增加幅度最高。研究结果可为黄河流域水资源管理、防洪蓄水和生态环境保护等提供科学依据与理论支撑。展开更多
文摘沉积物中粘土矿物的组成具有一定的古气候指示意义。利用沉积物中粘土矿物的组成探讨了黄河源区全新世的古气候变迁。通过X衍射方法分析了一个全新世地层剖面的粘土矿物类型和含量的变化,这些粘土矿物主要由伊利石、伊蒙混层矿物和少量的高岭石、绿泥石组成。对粘土矿物含量变化的分析和对比研究表明,黄河源区在全新世的气候寒冷干燥,即使在大暖期也显得温凉。全新世的气候演变可划分为3个阶段,即早全新世的干冷期、中全新世的温凉期(大暖期)和晚全新世的干冷期。在大暖期,在7 0kaB P 和5 0kaB P 前后发生了两次较强的降温事件。
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program on Global Change of China(2011CB952001)the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China(2006FY1106000)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)and the Open Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of RemoteSensing Science,China(OFSLRSS201112)
文摘During the years 2006–2009,lakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)were investigated using satellite remote sensing strategies.We report the results of this investigation as well as follow-up research and expanded work.For the investigation,we mainly focused on lakes whose areas are more than 1 km2.The remote sensing data that we used included 408 scenes of CBERS CCD images and 5 scenes of Landsat ETM?images in Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region.All these data were acquired around years 2005–2006.Besides remote sensing images,we also collected 1,259 topographic maps.Numbers and areas of lakes were analyzed statistically,which were then compared with those coming from the first lake investigation(implemented between the1960s and 1980s).According to our investigation,up to and around year 2005–2006,the total number of lakes in the QTP was 1,055(222 in Qinghai and 833 in Tibet),accounting for more than 30%of that of China.Thirty newborn lakes with area[1 km2were found,and 5 dead lakes with initial area[1 km2were also found.Among those 13 big lakes([500 km2),Yamzhog Yumco had seriously shrunk,and it has continued to shrink in recent years;Qinghai Lake had shrunk during the period,but some new researches indicated that it has been expanding since the year 2004;Siling Co,Nam Co,and Chibuzhang Co had expanded in the period.We divided the newborn lakes into six categories according to their forming reasons,including river expansion,wetland conversion,etc.The changes of natural conditions led to the death of four lakes,and human exploitation was the main reason for the death of Dalianhai Lake in Qinghai.We picked out three regions which were sensitive to the change of climate and ecological environment:Nagqu Region,Kekexili Region,and the source area of the Yellow River(SAYR).Lakes in both Nagqu and Kekexili have been expanded;meanwhile,most lakes in the SAYR have obviously been shrunk.These regional patterns of lake changes were highly related to variations of temperature,glacier,precipitation,and evapor
文摘黄河源区是黄河流域的重要组成部分,其径流变化影响着整个流域的水资源和生态系统安全。本文利用1976—2014年黄河源区径流、气象、数字高程模型DEM(Digital Elevation Model)、土地利用、土壤以及第六次国际耦合模式比较计划CMIP6(6thCoupled Model Inter-comparison Project)中8个模式的3个未来情景(SSP126、SSP245和SSP585)气象数据,基于SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型,对黄河源区主要水文站的径流进行了模拟、未来预估和变化分析。研究表明:(1)SWAT模型对黄河源区历史径流模拟的适用性较好,径流模拟的不确定性较小,模拟值较接近于实测值。(2)参数敏感性分析表明27个与水文有关的参数都对径流模拟有一定的影响。其中,土壤蒸发补偿因子、湿润条件II下SCS(Soil Conservation Sevice)径流曲线数、浅层地下水径流系数的敏感性较强,径流受陆面蒸散发、下垫面和降水影响较大。(3)降水是影响未来径流的主要因素。在SSP126和SSP245两种未来情景下,吉迈、玛曲和唐乃亥3个水文站在2021—2100年的两个时期(2021—2060年和2061—2100年)年均流量均呈增加趋势;而在SSP585情景下,2021—2060年呈增加趋势,2061—2100年则呈减少趋势。相对于1976—2014年,未来近期(2021—2060年)唐乃亥和玛曲站年均流量在SSP585情景下增加幅度最低,SSP126情景下增加幅度最高;吉迈站在SSP245情景下增加幅度最高,SSP126情景下增加幅度最低;未来远期(2061—2100年)3个水文站除了吉迈站是在SSP126情景下增加幅度最低外,其余均是在SSP585情景下增加幅度最低,SSP245情景下增加幅度最高。研究结果可为黄河流域水资源管理、防洪蓄水和生态环境保护等提供科学依据与理论支撑。
