你是否因为别人无足轻重的批评黯然神伤?你是否因为别人尖酸刻薄的嘲讽垂头丧气?你是否因为无法融入别人的圈子而感到自卑?如果是,请听听这首"Loser like Me",重新拾起你的信心和希望吧!"Loser like Me"这首歌出自...你是否因为别人无足轻重的批评黯然神伤?你是否因为别人尖酸刻薄的嘲讽垂头丧气?你是否因为无法融入别人的圈子而感到自卑?如果是,请听听这首"Loser like Me",重新拾起你的信心和希望吧!"Loser like Me"这首歌出自美剧《欢乐合唱团》(Glee)第二季第16集,是剧中New Directions合唱团在地区赛上的参赛曲目。展开更多
In many species, agonistic interactions result in social relationships that are stable over time. In Syrian hamsters, two unfamiliar males that are placed together will fight vigorously and a clear winner/loser relati...In many species, agonistic interactions result in social relationships that are stable over time. In Syrian hamsters, two unfamiliar males that are placed together will fight vigorously and a clear winner/loser relationship is usually established. In subsequent interactions, the loser will flee soon after detecting the familiar winner. Here we tested the hypothesis that losing a fight with a conspecific will affect future agonistic interactions not only toward that individual （i.e., the familiar winner） but also toward unfamiliar conspecifics. To test this hypothesis we paired two Syrian hamster males in three trials on one day in which the loser had tile opportunity to escape the winner. The next day the loser was paired with an unfarniliar male, also for three trials. If he lost again, he was tested on a third day with a third unfamiliar male. Subjects were those males that were losers on all three days. The latency to escape on the first trial on Days 2 and 3 was significantly shorter than on the first trial on Day l, indicating that losing against the first male affected the response toward unfamiliar males. However, the latency to escape on the first trial on Days 2 and 3 was significantly longer than that on the third trial on the preceding day, indicating that a loser treats unfamiliar males differently than a familiar winner. These results suggest that a defeat during an interaction with one male affects later agonistic behavior towards other, unfamiliar males [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 449-452, 2011].展开更多
文摘你是否因为别人无足轻重的批评黯然神伤?你是否因为别人尖酸刻薄的嘲讽垂头丧气?你是否因为无法融入别人的圈子而感到自卑?如果是,请听听这首"Loser like Me",重新拾起你的信心和希望吧!"Loser like Me"这首歌出自美剧《欢乐合唱团》(Glee)第二季第16集,是剧中New Directions合唱团在地区赛上的参赛曲目。
文摘In many species, agonistic interactions result in social relationships that are stable over time. In Syrian hamsters, two unfamiliar males that are placed together will fight vigorously and a clear winner/loser relationship is usually established. In subsequent interactions, the loser will flee soon after detecting the familiar winner. Here we tested the hypothesis that losing a fight with a conspecific will affect future agonistic interactions not only toward that individual （i.e., the familiar winner） but also toward unfamiliar conspecifics. To test this hypothesis we paired two Syrian hamster males in three trials on one day in which the loser had tile opportunity to escape the winner. The next day the loser was paired with an unfarniliar male, also for three trials. If he lost again, he was tested on a third day with a third unfamiliar male. Subjects were those males that were losers on all three days. The latency to escape on the first trial on Days 2 and 3 was significantly shorter than on the first trial on Day l, indicating that losing against the first male affected the response toward unfamiliar males. However, the latency to escape on the first trial on Days 2 and 3 was significantly longer than that on the third trial on the preceding day, indicating that a loser treats unfamiliar males differently than a familiar winner. These results suggest that a defeat during an interaction with one male affects later agonistic behavior towards other, unfamiliar males [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 449-452, 2011].
