There are many extant endemic plants in China, which were widely distributed in the North Hemisphere during Tertiary. The global cooling during the Tertiary caused a series of narrow distribution regions of the plants...There are many extant endemic plants in China, which were widely distributed in the North Hemisphere during Tertiary. The global cooling during the Tertiary caused a series of narrow distribution regions of the plants. Quaternary glaciation invaded most regions of North America and Eurasia where severe destruction was imposed onto vegetation. However, such destruction was lessened in China largely because of specific topographic and geographical and obviously, a number of other conditions accounted for an unusual refugee camp for the relics of plants in China, among which lots of endemic taxa exist. Recently, Chinese endemic species, such as Metaseqouia, Eucommia , have been employed to conduct multi_disciplinary comprehensive studies so as to analyze Tertiary climate changes quantitatively. Meanwhile, a rigorous method, i.e. climate analysis of endemic species (CAES) has come to maturation. This method is characteristic of some generality because it is supposed to be applicable to the endemic species in other regions of the world. CAES is involved in the following aspects: 1. Conduct multidisciplinary studies on living and fossil species of endemic plants and trace their evolutionary courses. 2. Compare fossil species with living one and clarify which is the nearest living relative (NLR) to fossil counterpart. 3. Fossils and their living counterparts (NLR) are supposed to have similar ecological requirements to meet their life cycles. 4. Investigate the geographic distribution of living and fossil plants within the same taxa and ascertain the dynamic changes of their distributions in geological age. 5. Analyze climate factors in the distribution of specific endemic taxa and obtain the data of climatic characters which are suitable for reconstruction of paleoclimate where fossil counterparts lived. 6. Further study the physio_ecology of living species and determinate paleoclimate where fossil counterparts lived. 7. Integrate analysis of the data from steps 4, 5 and 6, and quantitatively reconstruct the climate wh展开更多
This paper analyzed the data of temperature and precipitation in Minqin,typical desert area in north-west China,during the period of 1961 2007 by linear regression.The result indicated that the increasing rate of the ...This paper analyzed the data of temperature and precipitation in Minqin,typical desert area in north-west China,during the period of 1961 2007 by linear regression.The result indicated that the increasing rate of the mean annual temperature in Minqin was higher than that of the average of China;and the temperature in February increased by 3.01oC averagely in the past 47 years.The climate in Minqin displayed an evident warming trend.However,there was no evidently increasing trend of precipitation in the past 47 years,and drought occurred during the whole growing season.展开更多
The carbon cycle between the deep Earth and the atmosphere(i.e., the deep carbon cycle) can significantly affect the global climate on both long and short time scales. Although carbon in the deep Earth can be released...The carbon cycle between the deep Earth and the atmosphere(i.e., the deep carbon cycle) can significantly affect the global climate on both long and short time scales. Although carbon in the deep Earth can be released to the atmosphere in many ways, plate subduction is the only pathway for the return of carbon from the surface to the deep Earth. Owing to diversity in the forms of carbon and the special physicochemical property of carbonates, the behavior of carbon and carbonates in subduction zones significantly affects the products of subduction processes, the oxygen fugacity in subduction zones, and the activation and migration of elements during the crust-mantle interaction. Therefore, the carbon cycle in subduction zones plays an important role in maintaining a habitable climate by regulating the atmospheric CO_2 concentration, which significantly affects the global climate, and in causing fundamental changes in the physical and chemical properties of the mantle that result in a heterogeneous mantle. In this study, we review and discuss previous studies and scientific problems regarding the carbon cycle in subduction zones from four aspects: observation and tracing of the carbon cycle, migration and variation of carbon during subduction,carbon flux, and the effect of the carbon cycle.展开更多
Daily and weekly reporting events of climate change and impacts on populations, cultures, economies and politics at local, national, regional and international scales suggest the need to construct databases that will ...Daily and weekly reporting events of climate change and impacts on populations, cultures, economies and politics at local, national, regional and international scales suggest the need to construct databases that will be useful in future scientific inquiry and global human/environmental policies. That need is evident in constructing a geographic or locational knowledge base that examines countries, regions and cities. This study constructs a database on the impacts of climate change using Google Scholar entries for 200 countries and capital cities. A series of maps reveal the vast unevenness in the database, especially between Global North and Global South countries. The discussion explores these sharp differences and suggests future research topics for much-needed global, interdisciplinary and international research.展开更多
The Maritime Continent(MC)consists of multiple islands with varying sizes and topography,and surrounding seas.It is characterized by rainfall(convection)variability on multiple spatial and temporal scales.Various larg...The Maritime Continent(MC)consists of multiple islands with varying sizes and topography,and surrounding seas.It is characterized by rainfall(convection)variability on multiple spatial and temporal scales.Various largescale atmospheric,oceanic,and coupled climate systems,such as the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO),and cold surge,exert significant influences on the spatiotemporal complexity of the MC climate and climate variability.As a major tropical heat source located within the warmest oceanic area(the western Pacific warm pool),the MC has been identified as a region of great importance for climate variation on the global scale.However,prediction of climate variability over the MC and its surrounding areas and the relationships to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns are big challenges,even for state-of-the-art climate models.In this paper,we provide a thorough review on current understanding of the spatiotemporal complexity and prediction of climate variability over this important region,and its influence on global climate variation.展开更多
文摘There are many extant endemic plants in China, which were widely distributed in the North Hemisphere during Tertiary. The global cooling during the Tertiary caused a series of narrow distribution regions of the plants. Quaternary glaciation invaded most regions of North America and Eurasia where severe destruction was imposed onto vegetation. However, such destruction was lessened in China largely because of specific topographic and geographical and obviously, a number of other conditions accounted for an unusual refugee camp for the relics of plants in China, among which lots of endemic taxa exist. Recently, Chinese endemic species, such as Metaseqouia, Eucommia , have been employed to conduct multi_disciplinary comprehensive studies so as to analyze Tertiary climate changes quantitatively. Meanwhile, a rigorous method, i.e. climate analysis of endemic species (CAES) has come to maturation. This method is characteristic of some generality because it is supposed to be applicable to the endemic species in other regions of the world. CAES is involved in the following aspects: 1. Conduct multidisciplinary studies on living and fossil species of endemic plants and trace their evolutionary courses. 2. Compare fossil species with living one and clarify which is the nearest living relative (NLR) to fossil counterpart. 3. Fossils and their living counterparts (NLR) are supposed to have similar ecological requirements to meet their life cycles. 4. Investigate the geographic distribution of living and fossil plants within the same taxa and ascertain the dynamic changes of their distributions in geological age. 5. Analyze climate factors in the distribution of specific endemic taxa and obtain the data of climatic characters which are suitable for reconstruction of paleoclimate where fossil counterparts lived. 6. Further study the physio_ecology of living species and determinate paleoclimate where fossil counterparts lived. 7. Integrate analysis of the data from steps 4, 5 and 6, and quantitatively reconstruct the climate wh
基金supported by "The 10th Five-year-plan" National Key Initiative Project (2002BA517A-09)
文摘This paper analyzed the data of temperature and precipitation in Minqin,typical desert area in north-west China,during the period of 1961 2007 by linear regression.The result indicated that the increasing rate of the mean annual temperature in Minqin was higher than that of the average of China;and the temperature in February increased by 3.01oC averagely in the past 47 years.The climate in Minqin displayed an evident warming trend.However,there was no evidently increasing trend of precipitation in the past 47 years,and drought occurred during the whole growing season.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41530211 & 41125013)the National Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources (Grant No. MSFGPMR01)
文摘The carbon cycle between the deep Earth and the atmosphere(i.e., the deep carbon cycle) can significantly affect the global climate on both long and short time scales. Although carbon in the deep Earth can be released to the atmosphere in many ways, plate subduction is the only pathway for the return of carbon from the surface to the deep Earth. Owing to diversity in the forms of carbon and the special physicochemical property of carbonates, the behavior of carbon and carbonates in subduction zones significantly affects the products of subduction processes, the oxygen fugacity in subduction zones, and the activation and migration of elements during the crust-mantle interaction. Therefore, the carbon cycle in subduction zones plays an important role in maintaining a habitable climate by regulating the atmospheric CO_2 concentration, which significantly affects the global climate, and in causing fundamental changes in the physical and chemical properties of the mantle that result in a heterogeneous mantle. In this study, we review and discuss previous studies and scientific problems regarding the carbon cycle in subduction zones from four aspects: observation and tracing of the carbon cycle, migration and variation of carbon during subduction,carbon flux, and the effect of the carbon cycle.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91937302)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2022-kb10)the Gansu Provincial Special Fund Project for Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation and Development(2019ZX-06)。
文摘Daily and weekly reporting events of climate change and impacts on populations, cultures, economies and politics at local, national, regional and international scales suggest the need to construct databases that will be useful in future scientific inquiry and global human/environmental policies. That need is evident in constructing a geographic or locational knowledge base that examines countries, regions and cities. This study constructs a database on the impacts of climate change using Google Scholar entries for 200 countries and capital cities. A series of maps reveal the vast unevenness in the database, especially between Global North and Global South countries. The discussion explores these sharp differences and suggests future research topics for much-needed global, interdisciplinary and international research.
基金Supported by the Vice-Chancellor’s Discretionary Fund of the Chinese University of Hong Kong(4930744)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41661144019,91637208,41690123,and 41690120).
文摘The Maritime Continent(MC)consists of multiple islands with varying sizes and topography,and surrounding seas.It is characterized by rainfall(convection)variability on multiple spatial and temporal scales.Various largescale atmospheric,oceanic,and coupled climate systems,such as the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO),and cold surge,exert significant influences on the spatiotemporal complexity of the MC climate and climate variability.As a major tropical heat source located within the warmest oceanic area(the western Pacific warm pool),the MC has been identified as a region of great importance for climate variation on the global scale.However,prediction of climate variability over the MC and its surrounding areas and the relationships to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns are big challenges,even for state-of-the-art climate models.In this paper,we provide a thorough review on current understanding of the spatiotemporal complexity and prediction of climate variability over this important region,and its influence on global climate variation.
