《官宦与绅士》是一本研究宋代地方精英(local elite)的地域社会史研究著作。此书史料丰富(rich in its documentation)、论证严谨(subtle in its reasoning)、理论大胆(bold in its theoriz- ing),自付梓以来,书中的概念、方法、观点...《官宦与绅士》是一本研究宋代地方精英(local elite)的地域社会史研究著作。此书史料丰富(rich in its documentation)、论证严谨(subtle in its reasoning)、理论大胆(bold in its theoriz- ing),自付梓以来,书中的概念、方法、观点一直激荡着学者们关注、辩难与补充的热情。细细读罢诸多话头,仍有些意犹未尽的感觉。故不揣浅陋,谬评一二。展开更多
In rice, amylose content （AC） is controlled by a single dominant Waxy gene. We used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated 9 （Casg） to introduce a loss-of-function m...In rice, amylose content （AC） is controlled by a single dominant Waxy gene. We used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated 9 （Casg） to introduce a loss-of-function mutation into the Waxy gene in two widely cultivated elite japonica varieties. Our results show that mutations in the Waxy gene reduce AC and convert the rice into glutinous ones without affecting other desirable agronomic traits, offering an effective and easy strategy to improve glutinosity in elite varieties. Importantly, we successfully removed the transgenes from the progeny. Our study provides an example of generating improved crops with potential for commercialization, by editing a gene of interest directly in elite crop varieties.展开更多
Dear Editor,Harnessing genetic diversity and the introduction of elite alleles from wild relatives or landraces into commercial cultivars has been a major goal in crop breeding programs.Precise modification of the pla...Dear Editor,Harnessing genetic diversity and the introduction of elite alleles from wild relatives or landraces into commercial cultivars has been a major goal in crop breeding programs.Precise modification of the plant genome through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)(CRISPR/Cas)-mediated homology-directed repair(HDR)offers a great promise to introduce elite alleles from wild relatives or landraces into commercialized cultivars in the short term.展开更多
Exploring the elite al eles and germplasm acces-sions related to fiber quality traits wil accelerate the breeding of cotton for fiber quality improvement. In this study, 99 Gossypium hirsutum L. accessions with divers...Exploring the elite al eles and germplasm acces-sions related to fiber quality traits wil accelerate the breeding of cotton for fiber quality improvement. In this study, 99 Gossypium hirsutum L. accessions with diverse origins were used to perform association analysis of fiber quality traits using 97 polymorphic microsatel ite marker primer pairs. A total of 107 significant marker-trait associations were detected for three fiber quality traits under three different environments, with 70 detected in two or three environments and 37 detected in only one environment. Among the 70 significant marker-trait associations, 52.86% were reported previously, implying that these are stable loci for target traits. Furthermore, we detected a large number of elite al eles associated simulta-neously with two or three traits. These elite al eles were mainly from accessions col ected in China, introduced to China from the United States, or rare al eles with a frequency of less than＆amp;nbsp;5%. No one cultivar contained more than half of the elite al eles, but 10 accessions were col ected from China and the two introduced from the United States did contain more than half of these al eles. Therefore, there is great potential for mining elite al eles from germplasm accessions for use in fiber quality improvement in modern cotton breeding.展开更多
The genetic improvement of nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of crops is vital for grain productivity and sustainable agriculture.However,the regulatory mechanism of NUE remains largely elusive.Here,we report that the rice ...The genetic improvement of nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of crops is vital for grain productivity and sustainable agriculture.However,the regulatory mechanism of NUE remains largely elusive.Here,we report that the rice Grain number,plant height,and heading date7(Ghd7)gene genetically acts upstream of ABC1 REPRESSOR1(ARE1),a negative regulator of NUE,to positively regulate nitrogen utilization.As a transcriptional repressor,Ghd7 directly binds to two Evening Element-like motifs in the promoter and intron 1 of ARE1,likely in a cooperative manner,to repress its expression.Ghd7 and ARE1 display diurnal expression patterns in an inverse oscillation manner,mirroring a regulatory scheme based on these two loci.Analysis of a panel of 2656 rice varieties suggests that the elite alleles of Ghd7 and ARE1 have undergone diversifying selection during breeding.Moreover,the allelic distribution of Ghd7 and ARE1 is associated with the soil nitrogen deposition rate in East Asia and South Asia.Remarkably,the combination of the Ghd7 and ARE1 elite alleles substantially improves NUE and yield performance under nitrogen-limiting conditions.Collectively,these results define a Ghd7–ARE1-based regulatory mechanism of nitrogen utilization,providing useful targets for genetic improvement of rice NUE.展开更多
文摘《官宦与绅士》是一本研究宋代地方精英(local elite)的地域社会史研究著作。此书史料丰富(rich in its documentation)、论证严谨(subtle in its reasoning)、理论大胆(bold in its theoriz- ing),自付梓以来,书中的概念、方法、观点一直激荡着学者们关注、辩难与补充的热情。细细读罢诸多话头,仍有些意犹未尽的感觉。故不揣浅陋,谬评一二。
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of SciencesUS NIH Grants R01GM070795 and R01GM059138(to J.K.Z.)the support of the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program of China under grant 20140029
文摘In rice, amylose content （AC） is controlled by a single dominant Waxy gene. We used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated 9 （Casg） to introduce a loss-of-function mutation into the Waxy gene in two widely cultivated elite japonica varieties. Our results show that mutations in the Waxy gene reduce AC and convert the rice into glutinous ones without affecting other desirable agronomic traits, offering an effective and easy strategy to improve glutinosity in elite varieties. Importantly, we successfully removed the transgenes from the progeny. Our study provides an example of generating improved crops with potential for commercialization, by editing a gene of interest directly in elite crop varieties.
基金the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(2019ZX08010001-001-007 and 2019ZX08010003-002-003)the Central Non-Profit Fundamental Research Funding supported by the Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(S2018QY05)to L.X.No conflict of interest declared.
文摘Dear Editor,Harnessing genetic diversity and the introduction of elite alleles from wild relatives or landraces into commercial cultivars has been a major goal in crop breeding programs.Precise modification of the plant genome through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)(CRISPR/Cas)-mediated homology-directed repair(HDR)offers a great promise to introduce elite alleles from wild relatives or landraces into commercialized cultivars in the short term.
基金financially supported in part by the National Science Foundation in China(30871558)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2012AA101108-04-04)+1 种基金Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(cx(13)3059)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Exploring the elite al eles and germplasm acces-sions related to fiber quality traits wil accelerate the breeding of cotton for fiber quality improvement. In this study, 99 Gossypium hirsutum L. accessions with diverse origins were used to perform association analysis of fiber quality traits using 97 polymorphic microsatel ite marker primer pairs. A total of 107 significant marker-trait associations were detected for three fiber quality traits under three different environments, with 70 detected in two or three environments and 37 detected in only one environment. Among the 70 significant marker-trait associations, 52.86% were reported previously, implying that these are stable loci for target traits. Furthermore, we detected a large number of elite al eles associated simulta-neously with two or three traits. These elite al eles were mainly from accessions col ected in China, introduced to China from the United States, or rare al eles with a frequency of less than＆amp;nbsp;5%. No one cultivar contained more than half of the elite al eles, but 10 accessions were col ected from China and the two introduced from the United States did contain more than half of these al eles. Therefore, there is great potential for mining elite al eles from germplasm accessions for use in fiber quality improvement in modern cotton breeding.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2016YFD0100706)the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(2016ZX08009003-004)the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics(SKLPG2016A-22).
文摘The genetic improvement of nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of crops is vital for grain productivity and sustainable agriculture.However,the regulatory mechanism of NUE remains largely elusive.Here,we report that the rice Grain number,plant height,and heading date7(Ghd7)gene genetically acts upstream of ABC1 REPRESSOR1(ARE1),a negative regulator of NUE,to positively regulate nitrogen utilization.As a transcriptional repressor,Ghd7 directly binds to two Evening Element-like motifs in the promoter and intron 1 of ARE1,likely in a cooperative manner,to repress its expression.Ghd7 and ARE1 display diurnal expression patterns in an inverse oscillation manner,mirroring a regulatory scheme based on these two loci.Analysis of a panel of 2656 rice varieties suggests that the elite alleles of Ghd7 and ARE1 have undergone diversifying selection during breeding.Moreover,the allelic distribution of Ghd7 and ARE1 is associated with the soil nitrogen deposition rate in East Asia and South Asia.Remarkably,the combination of the Ghd7 and ARE1 elite alleles substantially improves NUE and yield performance under nitrogen-limiting conditions.Collectively,these results define a Ghd7–ARE1-based regulatory mechanism of nitrogen utilization,providing useful targets for genetic improvement of rice NUE.
