Before 1949, Chinese and foreign archaeological institutions and scholars carried out some excavations and surveys in Yunnan, and discovered several Paleolithic sites and animal fossils, as well as a few Neolithic sit...Before 1949, Chinese and foreign archaeological institutions and scholars carried out some excavations and surveys in Yunnan, and discovered several Paleolithic sites and animal fossils, as well as a few Neolithic sites and late Neolithic tombs. Since 1949, archaeological and antiquarian affairs in Yunnan Province have made rapid progress, which is distinctly marked by the discovery of Yuanmou man's fossils and stone tools, and the excavation and study of Neolithic and Bronze Age cultural remains across the province. The accomplishments in Iron Age archaeology are embodied in the following aspects:( Ⅰ ) cliff-side tombs with temporal and regional features; ( Ⅱ ) barrows from the Eastern Han to the Wei-and-Jin period; ( Ⅲ ) tombs of cremation from the Tang to the early Ming period; (Ⅳ) archaeology of Buddhism in the Tang-and-Song period. In the future, Yunnan archaeology should be further developed by means of strengthening monographic researches, pushing forward innovation and advance of archaeology, introducing foreign funds and techniques, launching multidisciplinary studies, intensifying the protection of cultural relics, improving the training of qualified personnel, and promoting Sino-foreign joint studies and academic exchange.展开更多
丝绸之路国内段主要包括丝路东段(西安至敦煌)和丝路中段(新疆地区),是丝路文明演化的主体地段,也是古丝绸之路开通之前跨大陆交流的关键地段。丝路东段和中段降水的时空格局存在显著差异,人类活动历史也有明显区别。然而,6000 a B.P.(&...丝绸之路国内段主要包括丝路东段(西安至敦煌)和丝路中段(新疆地区),是丝路文明演化的主体地段,也是古丝绸之路开通之前跨大陆交流的关键地段。丝路东段和中段降水的时空格局存在显著差异,人类活动历史也有明显区别。然而,6000 a B.P.("B.P."为"距今(1950 A.D.)年")左右丝路东段农业强化之后,至古丝绸之路开通(约2000 a B.P.)该地区人地关系演化的时空过程和动力尚不清晰。文章通过总结丝绸之路国内段沿线地区已发表的碳十四测年与植物考古资料,结合丝路东段和中段古气候记录的对比分析,探讨了该地区6000~2000 a B.P.人类活动的时空格局和影响因素。结果显示,丝路东段6000~4000 a B.P.的粟黍农业发展促进了农业人群的广泛扩张,人类活动强度还受到降水变化的影响;4000~2000 a B.P.该地区人类活动强度的主要影响因素是跨大陆交流带来的生业模式多样化、生产工具的革新和地缘政治形势变化,而不是气候变化。丝路中段6000~4000 a B.P.人类活动强度很低,4000~2000 a B.P.人类活动强度显著提升,与降水变化呈现较为一致的特征,青铜时代的降温则可能导致人类定居空间的南向移动。本研究显示丝绸之路国内段不同时间与空间人地关系演变过程和主导因素存在显著差异,有助于理解丝绸之路开通之前其核心区的人与环境相互作用变化过程和机制。展开更多
文摘Before 1949, Chinese and foreign archaeological institutions and scholars carried out some excavations and surveys in Yunnan, and discovered several Paleolithic sites and animal fossils, as well as a few Neolithic sites and late Neolithic tombs. Since 1949, archaeological and antiquarian affairs in Yunnan Province have made rapid progress, which is distinctly marked by the discovery of Yuanmou man's fossils and stone tools, and the excavation and study of Neolithic and Bronze Age cultural remains across the province. The accomplishments in Iron Age archaeology are embodied in the following aspects:( Ⅰ ) cliff-side tombs with temporal and regional features; ( Ⅱ ) barrows from the Eastern Han to the Wei-and-Jin period; ( Ⅲ ) tombs of cremation from the Tang to the early Ming period; (Ⅳ) archaeology of Buddhism in the Tang-and-Song period. In the future, Yunnan archaeology should be further developed by means of strengthening monographic researches, pushing forward innovation and advance of archaeology, introducing foreign funds and techniques, launching multidisciplinary studies, intensifying the protection of cultural relics, improving the training of qualified personnel, and promoting Sino-foreign joint studies and academic exchange.
文摘丝绸之路国内段主要包括丝路东段(西安至敦煌)和丝路中段(新疆地区),是丝路文明演化的主体地段,也是古丝绸之路开通之前跨大陆交流的关键地段。丝路东段和中段降水的时空格局存在显著差异,人类活动历史也有明显区别。然而,6000 a B.P.("B.P."为"距今(1950 A.D.)年")左右丝路东段农业强化之后,至古丝绸之路开通(约2000 a B.P.)该地区人地关系演化的时空过程和动力尚不清晰。文章通过总结丝绸之路国内段沿线地区已发表的碳十四测年与植物考古资料,结合丝路东段和中段古气候记录的对比分析,探讨了该地区6000~2000 a B.P.人类活动的时空格局和影响因素。结果显示,丝路东段6000~4000 a B.P.的粟黍农业发展促进了农业人群的广泛扩张,人类活动强度还受到降水变化的影响;4000~2000 a B.P.该地区人类活动强度的主要影响因素是跨大陆交流带来的生业模式多样化、生产工具的革新和地缘政治形势变化,而不是气候变化。丝路中段6000~4000 a B.P.人类活动强度很低,4000~2000 a B.P.人类活动强度显著提升,与降水变化呈现较为一致的特征,青铜时代的降温则可能导致人类定居空间的南向移动。本研究显示丝绸之路国内段不同时间与空间人地关系演变过程和主导因素存在显著差异,有助于理解丝绸之路开通之前其核心区的人与环境相互作用变化过程和机制。
