以罗非鱼为研究对象,分别在不同真空度条件:15、12、9、6、3和0.8 k Pa进行解冻(样品温度从-20℃升为4℃),测定解冻时间、解冻损失率及解冻后鱼片的TBA值、K值和p H,进而筛选真空解冻罗非鱼片的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明:与空气解冻相...以罗非鱼为研究对象,分别在不同真空度条件:15、12、9、6、3和0.8 k Pa进行解冻(样品温度从-20℃升为4℃),测定解冻时间、解冻损失率及解冻后鱼片的TBA值、K值和p H,进而筛选真空解冻罗非鱼片的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明:与空气解冻相比,真空解冻缩短解冻时间,且真空度越大解冻时间越短;其中9 k Pa真空条件下解冻时间仅为30 min,解冻损失率为-0.04%,TBA值为0.097 mg/100 g,K值为7.15%,p H为6.60,均显著优于其他实验组(p<0.05)。即9 k Pa真空条件解冻罗非鱼片时间短,汁液损失少,脂肪氧化程度较小,鲜度较高,整体品质较高,能较好地保持罗非鱼片的品质。展开更多
This study highlights the influence of freezing-thawing processes on soil erosion in an alpine mine restoration area. Accordingly, a series of simulation experiments were conducted to investigate runoff, sediment, and...This study highlights the influence of freezing-thawing processes on soil erosion in an alpine mine restoration area. Accordingly, a series of simulation experiments were conducted to investigate runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses, and potential influencing factors under freeze-thaw(FT) conditions. Three FT treatments(i.e., 0, 3, and 5 FT cycles), and two soil moisture contents(SMCs;i.e., 10% and 20% SMC on a gravimetric basis) were assessed. The runoff, sediment yield, ammonia nitrogen(AN), nitrate nitrogen(NN), total phosphorus(TP), and dissolved phosphorus(DP) losses from runoff were characterized under different rainfall durations. The fitting results indicated that the runoff rate and sediment rate, AN, NN, TP, and DP concentrations in runoff could be described by exponential functions. FT action increased the total runoff volume and sediment yield by 14.6%–26.0% and 8.8%–35.2%, respectively. The runoff rate and sediment rate increased rapidly with the increment of FT cycles before stabilizing. At 20% SMC, the total runoff volume and sediment yield were significantly higher than those at 10% SMC. The loss curves of AN and NN concentrations varied due to differences in their chemical properties. FT action and high SMC promoted AN and NN losses, whereas the FT cycles had little effect. FT action increased TP and DP losses by 60.2%–220.1% and 48.4%–129.8%, respectively, compared to cases with no FT action;the highest TP and DP losses were recorded at 20% SMC. This study provides a deep understanding of freezing-thawing mechanisms in the soils of alpine mine restoration areas and the influencing factors of these mechanisms on soil erosion, thereby supporting the development of erosion prevention and control measures in alpine mine restoration areas.展开更多
文摘以罗非鱼为研究对象,分别在不同真空度条件:15、12、9、6、3和0.8 k Pa进行解冻(样品温度从-20℃升为4℃),测定解冻时间、解冻损失率及解冻后鱼片的TBA值、K值和p H,进而筛选真空解冻罗非鱼片的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明:与空气解冻相比,真空解冻缩短解冻时间,且真空度越大解冻时间越短;其中9 k Pa真空条件下解冻时间仅为30 min,解冻损失率为-0.04%,TBA值为0.097 mg/100 g,K值为7.15%,p H为6.60,均显著优于其他实验组(p<0.05)。即9 k Pa真空条件解冻罗非鱼片时间短,汁液损失少,脂肪氧化程度较小,鲜度较高,整体品质较高,能较好地保持罗非鱼片的品质。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1703244)Bingtuan Science and Technology Program(2021DB019)Science and Technology project of Alar City(2018TF01)。
文摘This study highlights the influence of freezing-thawing processes on soil erosion in an alpine mine restoration area. Accordingly, a series of simulation experiments were conducted to investigate runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses, and potential influencing factors under freeze-thaw(FT) conditions. Three FT treatments(i.e., 0, 3, and 5 FT cycles), and two soil moisture contents(SMCs;i.e., 10% and 20% SMC on a gravimetric basis) were assessed. The runoff, sediment yield, ammonia nitrogen(AN), nitrate nitrogen(NN), total phosphorus(TP), and dissolved phosphorus(DP) losses from runoff were characterized under different rainfall durations. The fitting results indicated that the runoff rate and sediment rate, AN, NN, TP, and DP concentrations in runoff could be described by exponential functions. FT action increased the total runoff volume and sediment yield by 14.6%–26.0% and 8.8%–35.2%, respectively. The runoff rate and sediment rate increased rapidly with the increment of FT cycles before stabilizing. At 20% SMC, the total runoff volume and sediment yield were significantly higher than those at 10% SMC. The loss curves of AN and NN concentrations varied due to differences in their chemical properties. FT action and high SMC promoted AN and NN losses, whereas the FT cycles had little effect. FT action increased TP and DP losses by 60.2%–220.1% and 48.4%–129.8%, respectively, compared to cases with no FT action;the highest TP and DP losses were recorded at 20% SMC. This study provides a deep understanding of freezing-thawing mechanisms in the soils of alpine mine restoration areas and the influencing factors of these mechanisms on soil erosion, thereby supporting the development of erosion prevention and control measures in alpine mine restoration areas.
