野生动物的栖息地利用及选择是动物生态学的重要概念和研究领域。由于小型林间独栖反刍动物(small and solitary forest ruminant,SSFR)具有相对孤居、行踪隐蔽、警惕性高及栖息地郁闭度大而难以被目击等特点,对SSFR栖息地利用和选择的...野生动物的栖息地利用及选择是动物生态学的重要概念和研究领域。由于小型林间独栖反刍动物(small and solitary forest ruminant,SSFR)具有相对孤居、行踪隐蔽、警惕性高及栖息地郁闭度大而难以被目击等特点,对SSFR栖息地利用和选择的研究难度较大,文献报道相对较少。文章概述了SSFR栖息地的一般生态特征对其栖息地利用的影响,阐述了不同尺度水平的SSFR栖息地选择的研究现状,结合其他有蹄类动物的相关研究,论述了关于SSFR家域、觅食地和卧息地选择的研究进展,简要探讨了栖息地片断化对SSFR栖息地选择的影响,强调了多尺度研究SSFR的必要性和重要性。展开更多
Precipitation and associated cloud hydrometeors have large temporal and spatial variability, which makes accurate quantitative precipitation forecasting difficult. Thus, dependence of accurate precipitation and associ...Precipitation and associated cloud hydrometeors have large temporal and spatial variability, which makes accurate quantitative precipitation forecasting difficult. Thus, dependence of accurate precipitation and associated cloud simulation on temporal and spatial scales becomes an important issue. We report a cloud- resolving modeling analysis on this issue by comparing the control experiment with experiments perturbed by initial temperature, water vapor, and cloud conditions. The simulation is considered to be accurate only if the root-mean-squared difference between the perturbation experiments and the control experiment is smaller than the standard deviation. The analysis may suggest that accurate precipitation and cloud simulations cannot be obtained on both fine temporal and spatial scales simultaneously, which limits quanti- tative precipitation forecasting. The accurate simulation of water vapor convergence could lead to accurate precipitation and cloud simulations on daily time scales, but it may not be beneficial to precipitation and cloud simulations on hourly time scales due to the dominance of cloud processes.展开更多
文摘野生动物的栖息地利用及选择是动物生态学的重要概念和研究领域。由于小型林间独栖反刍动物(small and solitary forest ruminant,SSFR)具有相对孤居、行踪隐蔽、警惕性高及栖息地郁闭度大而难以被目击等特点,对SSFR栖息地利用和选择的研究难度较大,文献报道相对较少。文章概述了SSFR栖息地的一般生态特征对其栖息地利用的影响,阐述了不同尺度水平的SSFR栖息地选择的研究现状,结合其他有蹄类动物的相关研究,论述了关于SSFR家域、觅食地和卧息地选择的研究进展,简要探讨了栖息地片断化对SSFR栖息地选择的影响,强调了多尺度研究SSFR的必要性和重要性。
基金supported from the National Key Basic Research and Development Projectof China(2009CB421505)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(40775031)the Project(No.2008LASW-A01)
文摘Precipitation and associated cloud hydrometeors have large temporal and spatial variability, which makes accurate quantitative precipitation forecasting difficult. Thus, dependence of accurate precipitation and associated cloud simulation on temporal and spatial scales becomes an important issue. We report a cloud- resolving modeling analysis on this issue by comparing the control experiment with experiments perturbed by initial temperature, water vapor, and cloud conditions. The simulation is considered to be accurate only if the root-mean-squared difference between the perturbation experiments and the control experiment is smaller than the standard deviation. The analysis may suggest that accurate precipitation and cloud simulations cannot be obtained on both fine temporal and spatial scales simultaneously, which limits quanti- tative precipitation forecasting. The accurate simulation of water vapor convergence could lead to accurate precipitation and cloud simulations on daily time scales, but it may not be beneficial to precipitation and cloud simulations on hourly time scales due to the dominance of cloud processes.
