《超级基金法》(Superfund Act)是美国第一部明确授予行政机关执法和解权的联邦法律,执法和解制度能够促使潜在责任方积极、自愿达成协议,高效完成环境清理工作。行政和解协议主要有两类:以行政为主导的合意行政裁决(Administrative Ord...《超级基金法》(Superfund Act)是美国第一部明确授予行政机关执法和解权的联邦法律,执法和解制度能够促使潜在责任方积极、自愿达成协议,高效完成环境清理工作。行政和解协议主要有两类:以行政为主导的合意行政裁决(Administrative Order on Consent)与行政协议,以及需提交法院审查后才可达成的同意令(Consent Decree)。当前中国正面临严峻的环境污染问题,传统的高权行政行为往往在个案中陷入执法困境,环境保护作为美国执法和解制度适用最广的领域,取得了卓越的成效,特别是限制行政和解范围、建立司法审查程序以及完善公众参与制度等经验可资中国参考借鉴。展开更多
This study uses geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to spatially geocode the affected toxic site areas in Louisiana and use the results to help policy-makers plan for removal. Data for this study was acquir...This study uses geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to spatially geocode the affected toxic site areas in Louisiana and use the results to help policy-makers plan for removal. Data for this study was acquired from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) website including names and locations of National Priorities List (NPL). Also, publicly available EPA database that contains information on toxic chemical releases and other waste management activities reported annually by regulated industry groups and federal facilities was acquired. Data obtained from EPA website was converted to geographic co-ordinates (latitude and longitude). Results showed geocoded toxic wastes maps in Louisiana. Results also revealed that most of the toxic sites were clustered around major waterways in both southern and northern Louisiana. Policy recommendations include strict enforcement of the State laws that deal with fracking and flaring, use of emission inventories and air quality reports to assist policy makers in developing cost-effective emission control strategies that are necessary for tracking the progress of policies towards gas emissions reduction and finally, the need to increase funding for the clean-up of the chemical waste.展开更多
文摘《超级基金法》(Superfund Act)是美国第一部明确授予行政机关执法和解权的联邦法律,执法和解制度能够促使潜在责任方积极、自愿达成协议,高效完成环境清理工作。行政和解协议主要有两类:以行政为主导的合意行政裁决(Administrative Order on Consent)与行政协议,以及需提交法院审查后才可达成的同意令(Consent Decree)。当前中国正面临严峻的环境污染问题,传统的高权行政行为往往在个案中陷入执法困境,环境保护作为美国执法和解制度适用最广的领域,取得了卓越的成效,特别是限制行政和解范围、建立司法审查程序以及完善公众参与制度等经验可资中国参考借鉴。
文摘This study uses geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to spatially geocode the affected toxic site areas in Louisiana and use the results to help policy-makers plan for removal. Data for this study was acquired from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) website including names and locations of National Priorities List (NPL). Also, publicly available EPA database that contains information on toxic chemical releases and other waste management activities reported annually by regulated industry groups and federal facilities was acquired. Data obtained from EPA website was converted to geographic co-ordinates (latitude and longitude). Results showed geocoded toxic wastes maps in Louisiana. Results also revealed that most of the toxic sites were clustered around major waterways in both southern and northern Louisiana. Policy recommendations include strict enforcement of the State laws that deal with fracking and flaring, use of emission inventories and air quality reports to assist policy makers in developing cost-effective emission control strategies that are necessary for tracking the progress of policies towards gas emissions reduction and finally, the need to increase funding for the clean-up of the chemical waste.
