A mathematical model based on the theory of heat and mass transfer in porous media was developed to simulate the evolution of grain temperature and moisture content in a wheat storage bin during ventilation with cooli...A mathematical model based on the theory of heat and mass transfer in porous media was developed to simulate the evolution of grain temperature and moisture content in a wheat storage bin during ventilation with cooling air at the constant temperature and humidity.Unlike the previous works on this aspect,the present work was not focused on cooling the stored grain by ventilation with ambient air,but with the refrigerated air.Validation was performed by comparing between predicted and measured grain temperature and grain moisture content for two cases.Predicted data were in reasonable good agreement with measured ones.The model and the parameter values used in the model are applicable for predicting temperature and moisture of stored grains under ventilation conditions.展开更多
Two types of inoculated sludges, granular sludge that had been stored at-20°C and activated sludge, were investigated for the domestication of aerobic granular sludges(AGSs in sequencing batch reactors(SBRs). The...Two types of inoculated sludges, granular sludge that had been stored at-20°C and activated sludge, were investigated for the domestication of aerobic granular sludges(AGSs in sequencing batch reactors(SBRs). The results showed that using the stored granular sludge as inoculation sludge could effectively shorten the domestication time of AGS and yielded mature granular sludge after 22 days of operation. The AGS domesticated by stored granular sludge had better biomass and sedimentation properties; its MLSS and SVI reached8.55 g/L and 35.27 mL/g, respectively. The removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonium nitrogen(NH_4^+-N) and total phosphorus(TP) reached 90.76%, 97.39% and 96.40%, respectively. By contrast, 54 days were needed to obtain mature granules using activated sludge. The microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial community in mature granules was reduced when stored granular sludge rather than activated sludge was employed as inoculation sludge, and the dominant microbes were changed. The dominant species in mature granules domesticated using stored granular sludge were Zoogloea, Acidovorax and Tolumonas at the genus classification level, while the dominant species were Zoogloea and TM7-genera in granules developed from activated sludge.展开更多
To deeply understand and even describe the evolutions of the low-energy twin boundary density(BLDΣ3n)in a thermal-plastic deformation process,an improved twin density model as a function of average grain size and sto...To deeply understand and even describe the evolutions of the low-energy twin boundary density(BLDΣ3n)in a thermal-plastic deformation process,an improved twin density model as a function of average grain size and stored energy is developed.For Nimonic 80A superalloy,the model is solved based on the EBSD statistical results of grain size and BLDΣ3n in the specimens compressed at temperatures of 1273−1423 K and strain rates of 0.001−10 s−1.The corresponding relationships of BLDΣ3n with stored energy and grain size varying with temperature and strain rate are clarified by the superimposed contour plot maps.It is summarized that BLDΣ3n increases with increasing stored energy and decreasing grain size,and higher BLDΣ3n with finer grains corresponds with lower temperatures and higher strain rates.Such relationships are described by the improved twin density model,and the prediction tolerance of the solved model is limited in 2.8%.展开更多
The partial differential equation for isotropic hyperelastic constitutive models has been postulated and derived from the balance between stored energy and stress work done. The partial differential equation as a func...The partial differential equation for isotropic hyperelastic constitutive models has been postulated and derived from the balance between stored energy and stress work done. The partial differential equation as a function of three invariants has then been solved by Lie group methods. With geometric meanings of deformations, the general solution boils down to a particular three-term solution. The particular solution has been applied for several isotropic hyperelastic materials. For incompressible materials, vulcanized rubber containing 8% sulfur and Entec Enflex S4035A thermoplastic elastomer, three coefficients have been determined from uniaxial tension data and applied to predict the pure shear and equibiaxial tension modes. For a slightly compressible rubber material, the coefficients have also been extracted from the confined volumetric test data.展开更多
Plant capacity for water storage leads to time lags between basal stem sap flow and transpiration in various woody plants. Internal water storage depends on the sizes of woody plants. However, the changes and its infl...Plant capacity for water storage leads to time lags between basal stem sap flow and transpiration in various woody plants. Internal water storage depends on the sizes of woody plants. However, the changes and its influencing factors in time lags of basal stem flow during the development of herbaceous plants including crops remain unclear. A field experiment was conducted in an arid region of Northwest China to examine the time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and to calibrate the transpiration modeling. Cross-correlation analysis was used to estimate the time lags between stem sap flow and meteorological driving factors including solar radiation（R_s） and vapor pressure deficit of the air（VPD_（air））. Results indicate that the changes in seed-maize stem sap flow consistently lagged behind the changes in R_s and preceded the changes in VPD_（air） both on hourly and daily scales, suggesting that light-mediated stomatal closures drove sap flow responses. The time lag in the maize＇s sap flow differed significantly during different growth stages and the difference was potentially due to developmental changes in capacitance tissue and/or xylem during ontogenesis. The time lags between stem sap flow and R_s in both female plants and male plants corresponded to plant use of stored water and were independent of total plant water use. Time lags of sap flow were always longer in male plants than in female plants. Theoretically, dry soil may decrease the speed by which sap flow adjusts ahead of shifts in VPD_（air） in comparison with wet soil and also increase the speed by which sap flow adjusts to R_s. However, sap flow lags that were associated with R_s before irrigation and after irrigation in female plants did not shift. Time series analysis method provided better results for simulating seed-maize sap flow with advantages of allowing for fewer variables to be included. This approach would be helpful in improving the accuracy of estimation for canopy transpiration and conductance using meteo展开更多
Pests detecting is an important research subject in grain storage field.In the past decades,many edge detection methods have been applied to the edge detection of stored grain pests.Although some of them can realize t...Pests detecting is an important research subject in grain storage field.In the past decades,many edge detection methods have been applied to the edge detection of stored grain pests.Although some of them can realize the stored grain pests detecting,precision and robustness are not good enough.Spectral residual(SR)saliency edge detection defines the logarithmic spectrumof image as novelty part of the image information.The remaining spectrumis converted to the airspace to obtain edge detection results.SR algorithm is completely based on frequency domain processing.It not only can effectively simplify the target detection algorithm,but also can improve the effectiveness of target recognition.The experimental results show that the edge results of stored grain pests detected by SR method are effective and stable.展开更多
A novel high-voltage light punch-through（LPT） carrier stored trench bipolar transistor（CSTBT） with buried p-layer（BP） is proposed in this paper.Since the negative charges in the BP layer modulate the bulk electr...A novel high-voltage light punch-through（LPT） carrier stored trench bipolar transistor（CSTBT） with buried p-layer（BP） is proposed in this paper.Since the negative charges in the BP layer modulate the bulk electric field distribution,the electric field peaks both at the junction of the p base/n-type carrier stored（N-CS） layer and the corners of the trench gates are reduced,and new electric field peaks appear at the junction of the BP layer/N drift region.As a result,the overall electric field in the N drift region is enhanced and the proposed structure improves the breakdown voltage（BV） significantly compared with the LPT CSTBT.Furthermore,the proposed structure breaks the limitation of the doping concentration of the N-CS layer（NN CS） to the BV,and hence a higher NN CS can be used for the proposed LPT BP-CSTBT structure and a lower on-state voltage drop（Vce（sat）） can be obtained with almost constant BV.The results show that with a BP layer doping concentration of NBP = 7 × 10^15 cm^-3,a thickness of LBP = 2.5 μm,and a width of WBP = 5 μm,the BV of the proposed LPT BP-CSTBT increases from 1859 V to 1862 V,with NN CS increasing from 5 × 10^15 cm^-3 to 2.5 × 10^16 cm^-3.However,with the same N-drift region thickness of 150 μm and NN CS,the BV of the CSTBT decreases from 1598 V to 247 V.Meanwhile,the Vce（sat） of the proposed LPT BP-CSTBT structure decreases from 1.78 V to 1.45 V with NN CS increasing from 5 × 10^15 cm^-3 to 2.5 × 10^16 cm^-3.展开更多
The paper is devoted to study of the electrical parameters of the motion parts of the MEMS such as solenoids. The analytical background is given in order to describe the influence of the electrical field components on...The paper is devoted to study of the electrical parameters of the motion parts of the MEMS such as solenoids. The analytical background is given in order to describe the influence of the electrical field components on the forces, which are result of interaction of the electromagnetic (EM) field components with the parts of motion devices of MEMS. The given analytical formulas open the ability to calculate the self-inductance of the microsolenoids of the different kind, as well as the stored energy of such motion devices, that could be used for the modeling and optimization of parameters of running devices of MEMS such as actuators, sensors etc.展开更多
A field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Research Station, Ismailia Governorate from 2020-2022 to improve the growth of Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni by using a combination of mineral fertilizer (NPK...A field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Research Station, Ismailia Governorate from 2020-2022 to improve the growth of Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni by using a combination of mineral fertilizer (NPK) and biological fertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megatherium, and Bacillus circulant) as recommended dose under new sandy soils conditions. Split plot designed with four treatments (Control, (50% Mineral fertilizer (M.) + 50% Biological fertilizer (Bio.)), 100% M. and 100% Bio.) of each species. Vegetative growth, leaf area, tree biomass, stored carbon, basal area, tree volume, and in the soil both of microbial account and mineral content were determined. The experimental results showed no significant differences between studied species among the most studied parameters except for Khaya senegalensis which gave the highest significant difference in root biomass and below-stored carbon than Swietenia mahagoni. Evidently, the highest significant growth parameters were 100% mineral fertilizer followed by (50% M. + 50% Bio.) as compared with control. No significant difference between 100% M. and (50% M. + 50% Bio.) of shoot dry biomass (15.19 and 12.02 kg, respectively) and above-stored carbon (0.28 and 0.22 Mt, respectively). Microbial account and mineral content in soil were improved after cultivation of tree species compared to before planting and control, especially with 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, a treatment containing 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer has led to the ideal Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni growth in sandy soil for cheaper and sustainable.展开更多
Diatomaceous earth （DE） is a natural inert dust used to control insect pests in stored grain as an alternative to synthetic residual insecticides. Various DE formulations are now registered as a grain protectant or ...Diatomaceous earth （DE） is a natural inert dust used to control insect pests in stored grain as an alternative to synthetic residual insecticides. Various DE formulations are now registered as a grain protectant or for structural treatment in many different countries throughout the world. The mode of action of DE is through the absorption of cuticular waxes in the insect cuticle, and insect death occurs from desiccation. The main advantages of using DE are its low mammalian toxicity and its stability. The main limitations to widespread commercial use of DE are reduction of the bulk density and flowability of grain, irritant hazards during application and reduction in efficacy at high moisture contents. This paper is an updated review of published results of researches related to the use of DEs and discusses their potential use in large-scale, commercial storage and in small scale applications.展开更多
Studies on texture and microstructure evolution in hot extruded Al 6061 aluminium alloy reinforced with uncoated and nickel coated SiC p were carried out by electron backscattered diffraction technique.Textures of bot...Studies on texture and microstructure evolution in hot extruded Al 6061 aluminium alloy reinforced with uncoated and nickel coated SiC p were carried out by electron backscattered diffraction technique.Textures of both the alloy and its composite with nickel coated SiC p do exhibit strong β fiber with its axis parallel to the direction of extrusion.In addition to the dominant cube texture（001） 100,fully recrystallized grains with partially equiaxed structure have been observed in the alloy reinforced with uncoated SiC p.The recrystallization texture of this composite can be attributed to the particle stimulated nucleation（PSN） due to the presence of SiC p with size less than 5 μm.Under these conditions,the low value of Zener-Hollomon,Z（～1012s-1） confirms that PSN is one of the dominant mechanisms for recrystallization and is governed by formation of deformation zone rather than stored energy.展开更多
The effects of acyclic liquid nitrogen(LN)treatment in a temperature range of-196℃to 50℃on the thermal and magnetic stability of Fe78Si9B13 and Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 glassy ribbons have been studied.The intrinsic het...The effects of acyclic liquid nitrogen(LN)treatment in a temperature range of-196℃to 50℃on the thermal and magnetic stability of Fe78Si9B13 and Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 glassy ribbons have been studied.The intrinsic heterogeneities of the metallic glasses can be activated through cryogenic thermal cycling,making irreversible structural changes after the treatment and inducing rejuvenation to the materials.The microstructural changes of both Fe-based metallic glass(MG)and nanocrystalline alloy induced by LN treatment were investigated.The experimental results show that the LN treatment could effectively rejuvenate the Fe-Si-B MGs and change their thermomechanical and magnetic properties.Based on the partially-crystallinity and well-known magnetic constants,the increase of the energy at the order of 10m J/g and magnetic domain wall movement and rotation at the order of 5-6μm and 0.5°-0.8°are found for FINEMET-type amorphous alloy after LN treatment.It is also found that LN treatment can contribute a little stored energy to the magnetic domain wall movement and magnetic domain rotation.展开更多
The stored energy of the quartz lattice included in the loess presenting the TL information can be used in dating the age of the loess.Experimental facts show that the stored energy in quartz lattice would decrease af...The stored energy of the quartz lattice included in the loess presenting the TL information can be used in dating the age of the loess.Experimental facts show that the stored energy in quartz lattice would decrease after exposing to sunlight.Consequently,using the TL technique,one can deetermine the original time of quartz that is a component of the loess,and calculate the age of the loess.The establishment of this idea which leads to the principle of using TL dating of loess age is briefed as follows.展开更多
ong ago,a raja lived in India.His people were rice farmers.The raja said to them,"Give me most of your rice,and I will store it.When the time of famine comes,everyone will have rice to eat."So each year,the ...ong ago,a raja lived in India.His people were rice farmers.The raja said to them,"Give me most of your rice,and I will store it.When the time of famine comes,everyone will have rice to eat."So each year,the raja took most of the people's rice and stored it.For many years,the rice grew well.Then one year the rice did not grow,and there was a famine.展开更多
文摘A mathematical model based on the theory of heat and mass transfer in porous media was developed to simulate the evolution of grain temperature and moisture content in a wheat storage bin during ventilation with cooling air at the constant temperature and humidity.Unlike the previous works on this aspect,the present work was not focused on cooling the stored grain by ventilation with ambient air,but with the refrigerated air.Validation was performed by comparing between predicted and measured grain temperature and grain moisture content for two cases.Predicted data were in reasonable good agreement with measured ones.The model and the parameter values used in the model are applicable for predicting temperature and moisture of stored grains under ventilation conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21667017 and 51608148)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (No. 2017TS02)
文摘Two types of inoculated sludges, granular sludge that had been stored at-20°C and activated sludge, were investigated for the domestication of aerobic granular sludges(AGSs in sequencing batch reactors(SBRs). The results showed that using the stored granular sludge as inoculation sludge could effectively shorten the domestication time of AGS and yielded mature granular sludge after 22 days of operation. The AGS domesticated by stored granular sludge had better biomass and sedimentation properties; its MLSS and SVI reached8.55 g/L and 35.27 mL/g, respectively. The removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonium nitrogen(NH_4^+-N) and total phosphorus(TP) reached 90.76%, 97.39% and 96.40%, respectively. By contrast, 54 days were needed to obtain mature granules using activated sludge. The microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial community in mature granules was reduced when stored granular sludge rather than activated sludge was employed as inoculation sludge, and the dominant microbes were changed. The dominant species in mature granules domesticated using stored granular sludge were Zoogloea, Acidovorax and Tolumonas at the genus classification level, while the dominant species were Zoogloea and TM7-genera in granules developed from activated sludge.
基金the financial supports from Chongqing Basic Research and Frontier Exploration Program, China (cstc2018jcyj AX0459)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2019CDQYTM027, 2019CDJGFCL003, 2018CDPTCG0001-6)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, China (P2020-001)
文摘To deeply understand and even describe the evolutions of the low-energy twin boundary density(BLDΣ3n)in a thermal-plastic deformation process,an improved twin density model as a function of average grain size and stored energy is developed.For Nimonic 80A superalloy,the model is solved based on the EBSD statistical results of grain size and BLDΣ3n in the specimens compressed at temperatures of 1273−1423 K and strain rates of 0.001−10 s−1.The corresponding relationships of BLDΣ3n with stored energy and grain size varying with temperature and strain rate are clarified by the superimposed contour plot maps.It is summarized that BLDΣ3n increases with increasing stored energy and decreasing grain size,and higher BLDΣ3n with finer grains corresponds with lower temperatures and higher strain rates.Such relationships are described by the improved twin density model,and the prediction tolerance of the solved model is limited in 2.8%.
文摘The partial differential equation for isotropic hyperelastic constitutive models has been postulated and derived from the balance between stored energy and stress work done. The partial differential equation as a function of three invariants has then been solved by Lie group methods. With geometric meanings of deformations, the general solution boils down to a particular three-term solution. The particular solution has been applied for several isotropic hyperelastic materials. For incompressible materials, vulcanized rubber containing 8% sulfur and Entec Enflex S4035A thermoplastic elastomer, three coefficients have been determined from uniaxial tension data and applied to predict the pure shear and equibiaxial tension modes. For a slightly compressible rubber material, the coefficients have also been extracted from the confined volumetric test data.
基金support from the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2016YFC0400207)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51439006, 91425302)the 111 Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B14002)
文摘Plant capacity for water storage leads to time lags between basal stem sap flow and transpiration in various woody plants. Internal water storage depends on the sizes of woody plants. However, the changes and its influencing factors in time lags of basal stem flow during the development of herbaceous plants including crops remain unclear. A field experiment was conducted in an arid region of Northwest China to examine the time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and to calibrate the transpiration modeling. Cross-correlation analysis was used to estimate the time lags between stem sap flow and meteorological driving factors including solar radiation（R_s） and vapor pressure deficit of the air（VPD_（air））. Results indicate that the changes in seed-maize stem sap flow consistently lagged behind the changes in R_s and preceded the changes in VPD_（air） both on hourly and daily scales, suggesting that light-mediated stomatal closures drove sap flow responses. The time lag in the maize＇s sap flow differed significantly during different growth stages and the difference was potentially due to developmental changes in capacitance tissue and/or xylem during ontogenesis. The time lags between stem sap flow and R_s in both female plants and male plants corresponded to plant use of stored water and were independent of total plant water use. Time lags of sap flow were always longer in male plants than in female plants. Theoretically, dry soil may decrease the speed by which sap flow adjusts ahead of shifts in VPD_（air） in comparison with wet soil and also increase the speed by which sap flow adjusts to R_s. However, sap flow lags that were associated with R_s before irrigation and after irrigation in female plants did not shift. Time series analysis method provided better results for simulating seed-maize sap flow with advantages of allowing for fewer variables to be included. This approach would be helpful in improving the accuracy of estimation for canopy transpiration and conductance using meteo
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61871176)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province(No.172102210030,182102110099)+2 种基金Key Scientific Research Project Program of Universities of Henan Province(No.18B520025)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control(No.KFJJ-2018-102)supported by Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Storage and Security of Henan Province
文摘Pests detecting is an important research subject in grain storage field.In the past decades,many edge detection methods have been applied to the edge detection of stored grain pests.Although some of them can realize the stored grain pests detecting,precision and robustness are not good enough.Spectral residual(SR)saliency edge detection defines the logarithmic spectrumof image as novelty part of the image information.The remaining spectrumis converted to the airspace to obtain edge detection results.SR algorithm is completely based on frequency domain processing.It not only can effectively simplify the target detection algorithm,but also can improve the effectiveness of target recognition.The experimental results show that the edge results of stored grain pests detected by SR method are effective and stable.
基金Project supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China （Grant No. 2011ZX02504-003） and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China （Grant No. ZYGX2011J024）.
文摘A novel high-voltage light punch-through（LPT） carrier stored trench bipolar transistor（CSTBT） with buried p-layer（BP） is proposed in this paper.Since the negative charges in the BP layer modulate the bulk electric field distribution,the electric field peaks both at the junction of the p base/n-type carrier stored（N-CS） layer and the corners of the trench gates are reduced,and new electric field peaks appear at the junction of the BP layer/N drift region.As a result,the overall electric field in the N drift region is enhanced and the proposed structure improves the breakdown voltage（BV） significantly compared with the LPT CSTBT.Furthermore,the proposed structure breaks the limitation of the doping concentration of the N-CS layer（NN CS） to the BV,and hence a higher NN CS can be used for the proposed LPT BP-CSTBT structure and a lower on-state voltage drop（Vce（sat）） can be obtained with almost constant BV.The results show that with a BP layer doping concentration of NBP = 7 × 10^15 cm^-3,a thickness of LBP = 2.5 μm,and a width of WBP = 5 μm,the BV of the proposed LPT BP-CSTBT increases from 1859 V to 1862 V,with NN CS increasing from 5 × 10^15 cm^-3 to 2.5 × 10^16 cm^-3.However,with the same N-drift region thickness of 150 μm and NN CS,the BV of the CSTBT decreases from 1598 V to 247 V.Meanwhile,the Vce（sat） of the proposed LPT BP-CSTBT structure decreases from 1.78 V to 1.45 V with NN CS increasing from 5 × 10^15 cm^-3 to 2.5 × 10^16 cm^-3.
文摘The paper is devoted to study of the electrical parameters of the motion parts of the MEMS such as solenoids. The analytical background is given in order to describe the influence of the electrical field components on the forces, which are result of interaction of the electromagnetic (EM) field components with the parts of motion devices of MEMS. The given analytical formulas open the ability to calculate the self-inductance of the microsolenoids of the different kind, as well as the stored energy of such motion devices, that could be used for the modeling and optimization of parameters of running devices of MEMS such as actuators, sensors etc.
文摘A field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Research Station, Ismailia Governorate from 2020-2022 to improve the growth of Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni by using a combination of mineral fertilizer (NPK) and biological fertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megatherium, and Bacillus circulant) as recommended dose under new sandy soils conditions. Split plot designed with four treatments (Control, (50% Mineral fertilizer (M.) + 50% Biological fertilizer (Bio.)), 100% M. and 100% Bio.) of each species. Vegetative growth, leaf area, tree biomass, stored carbon, basal area, tree volume, and in the soil both of microbial account and mineral content were determined. The experimental results showed no significant differences between studied species among the most studied parameters except for Khaya senegalensis which gave the highest significant difference in root biomass and below-stored carbon than Swietenia mahagoni. Evidently, the highest significant growth parameters were 100% mineral fertilizer followed by (50% M. + 50% Bio.) as compared with control. No significant difference between 100% M. and (50% M. + 50% Bio.) of shoot dry biomass (15.19 and 12.02 kg, respectively) and above-stored carbon (0.28 and 0.22 Mt, respectively). Microbial account and mineral content in soil were improved after cultivation of tree species compared to before planting and control, especially with 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, a treatment containing 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer has led to the ideal Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni growth in sandy soil for cheaper and sustainable.
文摘Diatomaceous earth （DE） is a natural inert dust used to control insect pests in stored grain as an alternative to synthetic residual insecticides. Various DE formulations are now registered as a grain protectant or for structural treatment in many different countries throughout the world. The mode of action of DE is through the absorption of cuticular waxes in the insect cuticle, and insect death occurs from desiccation. The main advantages of using DE are its low mammalian toxicity and its stability. The main limitations to widespread commercial use of DE are reduction of the bulk density and flowability of grain, irritant hazards during application and reduction in efficacy at high moisture contents. This paper is an updated review of published results of researches related to the use of DEs and discusses their potential use in large-scale, commercial storage and in small scale applications.
基金granting financial assistance to carry out this work which is a part of research project No.SR/S3/ME/019/2004-SERC
文摘Studies on texture and microstructure evolution in hot extruded Al 6061 aluminium alloy reinforced with uncoated and nickel coated SiC p were carried out by electron backscattered diffraction technique.Textures of both the alloy and its composite with nickel coated SiC p do exhibit strong β fiber with its axis parallel to the direction of extrusion.In addition to the dominant cube texture（001） 100,fully recrystallized grains with partially equiaxed structure have been observed in the alloy reinforced with uncoated SiC p.The recrystallization texture of this composite can be attributed to the particle stimulated nucleation（PSN） due to the presence of SiC p with size less than 5 μm.Under these conditions,the low value of Zener-Hollomon,Z（～1012s-1） confirms that PSN is one of the dominant mechanisms for recrystallization and is governed by formation of deformation zone rather than stored energy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871234)the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2016YFB0300500)+2 种基金the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Materials Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics),Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(No.XCA19013-04)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z191100007219006)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC017)。
文摘The effects of acyclic liquid nitrogen(LN)treatment in a temperature range of-196℃to 50℃on the thermal and magnetic stability of Fe78Si9B13 and Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 glassy ribbons have been studied.The intrinsic heterogeneities of the metallic glasses can be activated through cryogenic thermal cycling,making irreversible structural changes after the treatment and inducing rejuvenation to the materials.The microstructural changes of both Fe-based metallic glass(MG)and nanocrystalline alloy induced by LN treatment were investigated.The experimental results show that the LN treatment could effectively rejuvenate the Fe-Si-B MGs and change their thermomechanical and magnetic properties.Based on the partially-crystallinity and well-known magnetic constants,the increase of the energy at the order of 10m J/g and magnetic domain wall movement and rotation at the order of 5-6μm and 0.5°-0.8°are found for FINEMET-type amorphous alloy after LN treatment.It is also found that LN treatment can contribute a little stored energy to the magnetic domain wall movement and magnetic domain rotation.
文摘The stored energy of the quartz lattice included in the loess presenting the TL information can be used in dating the age of the loess.Experimental facts show that the stored energy in quartz lattice would decrease after exposing to sunlight.Consequently,using the TL technique,one can deetermine the original time of quartz that is a component of the loess,and calculate the age of the loess.The establishment of this idea which leads to the principle of using TL dating of loess age is briefed as follows.
文摘ong ago,a raja lived in India.His people were rice farmers.The raja said to them,"Give me most of your rice,and I will store it.When the time of famine comes,everyone will have rice to eat."So each year,the raja took most of the people's rice and stored it.For many years,the rice grew well.Then one year the rice did not grow,and there was a famine.
