Objective Although principal components analysis profiles greatly facilitate the visualization and interpretation of the multivariate data,the quantitative concepts in both scores plot and loading plot are rather obsc...Objective Although principal components analysis profiles greatly facilitate the visualization and interpretation of the multivariate data,the quantitative concepts in both scores plot and loading plot are rather obscure.This article introduced three profiles that assisted the better understanding of metabolomic data.Methods The discriminatory profile,heat map, and statistic profile were developed to visualize the multivariate data obtained from high-throughput GC-TOF-MS analysis. Results The discriminatory profile and heat map obviously showed the discriminatory metabolites between the two groups,while the statistic profile showed the potential markers of statistic significance.Conclusion The three types of profiles greatly facilitate our understanding of the metabolomic data and the identification of the potential markers.展开更多
A multivariate method for fault diagnosis and process monitoring is proposed. This technique is based on a statistical pattern(SP) framework integrated with a self-organizing map(SOM). An SP-based SOM is used as a cla...A multivariate method for fault diagnosis and process monitoring is proposed. This technique is based on a statistical pattern(SP) framework integrated with a self-organizing map(SOM). An SP-based SOM is used as a classifier to distinguish various states on the output map, which can visually monitor abnormal states. A case study of the Tennessee Eastman(TE) process is presented to demonstrate the fault diagnosis and process monitoring performance of the proposed method. Results show that the SP-based SOM method is a visual tool for real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis that can be used in complex chemical processes.Compared with other SOM-based methods, the proposed method can more efficiently monitor and diagnose faults.展开更多
针对传统Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(Unscented Kalman filter,UKF)在噪声先验统计未知时变情况下非线性滤波精度下降甚至发散的问题,设计了一种带噪声统计估计器的自适应UKF滤波算法.首先根据极大后验(Maximum a posterior,MAP)估计原理,...针对传统Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(Unscented Kalman filter,UKF)在噪声先验统计未知时变情况下非线性滤波精度下降甚至发散的问题,设计了一种带噪声统计估计器的自适应UKF滤波算法.首先根据极大后验(Maximum a posterior,MAP)估计原理,推导出一种次优无偏MAP常值噪声统计估计器;接着在此基础之上,采用指数加权的方法,给出了时变噪声统计估计器的递推公式;最后对自适应UKF算法进行了性能分析.相比于传统UKF,该自适应UKF算法在噪声统计未知时变情况下不仅滤波依然收敛,滤波精度及稳定性显著提高,而且其具有应对噪声变化的自适应能力.仿真实例验证了其有效性.展开更多
为全面了解网联自动驾驶交通安全领域的研究进展,利用文献计量方法通过Web of Science核心数据库对Connected and Automated(Autonomous)Vehicles、Connected(Autonomous)Vehicles、Traffic Safety(Accident,Crash,Collision,Conflict)...为全面了解网联自动驾驶交通安全领域的研究进展,利用文献计量方法通过Web of Science核心数据库对Connected and Automated(Autonomous)Vehicles、Connected(Autonomous)Vehicles、Traffic Safety(Accident,Crash,Collision,Conflict)等关键词进行检索,共获取2010至2021年2130篇相关文献,涵盖5474位作者和7017个关键词;利用科学知识图谱对网联自动驾驶道路交通安全研究发展历程、研究归属地、研究主题与内容、研究热点等进行分析总结和可视化解析;通过研究主题和热点的分析指出未来研究方向。研究结果表明:网联自动驾驶道路交通安全研究经历了起步阶段、缓慢增长阶段和快速发展阶段;美国和中国是当今世界对网联自动驾驶道路交通安全领域贡献最大的2个研究主体;研究主题主要围绕宏微观交通流、交通系统影响(交通出行、交通环境、交通安全)、车辆安全避障与路径规划、交通安全评价等展开,研究热点重点围绕网联自动驾驶交通控制与系统优化、新型混合交通流交通安全分析、微观行为建模与仿真安全评估等;未来研究需重视由单车安全转向交通流事故风险传播研究,突破智能网联车队群体决策与编队控制技术,构建虚拟现实下智能网联数据化仿真环境与深度测试平台,挖掘网联自动驾驶人机共驾情境下驾驶人接管绩效评价体系,从而进行精细化的事故风险致因分析、交通安全建模与评估以及事故风险防控策略与算法研究。展开更多
Quantitative descriptions of geochemical patterns and providing geochemical anomaly map are important in applied geochemistry. Several statistical methodologies are presented in order to identify and separate geochemi...Quantitative descriptions of geochemical patterns and providing geochemical anomaly map are important in applied geochemistry. Several statistical methodologies are presented in order to identify and separate geochemical anomalies. The U-statistic method is one of the most important structural methods and is a kind of weighted mean that surrounding points of samples are considered in U value determination. However, it is able to separate the different anomalies based on only one variable. The main aim of the presented study is development of this method in a multivariate mode. For this purpose, U-statistic method should be combined with a multivariate method which devotes a new value to each sample based on several variables. Therefore, at the first step, the optimum p is calculated in p-norm distance and then U-statistic method is applied on p-norm distance values of the samples because p-norm distance is calculated based on several variables. This method is a combination of efficient U-statistic method and p-norm distance and is used for the first time in this research. Results show that p-norm distance of p=2(Euclidean distance) in the case of a fact that Au and As can be considered optimized p-norm distance with the lowest error. The samples indicated by the combination of these methods as anomalous are more regular, less dispersed and more accurate than using just the U-statistic or other nonstructural methods such as Mahalanobis distance. Also it was observed that the combination results are closely associated with the defined Au ore indication within the studied area. Finally, univariate and bivariate geochemical anomaly maps are provided for Au and As, which have been respectively prepared using U-statistic and its combination with Euclidean distance method.展开更多
基金the National Key New Drug Creation Special Programs(2009ZX09304-001 and 2009ZX09502-004)National Natural Science Foundation of the People’s Republic of China(81072692)National Key Fundamental Research"973"Projects(2011CB505300 and 2011CB505303)
文摘Objective Although principal components analysis profiles greatly facilitate the visualization and interpretation of the multivariate data,the quantitative concepts in both scores plot and loading plot are rather obscure.This article introduced three profiles that assisted the better understanding of metabolomic data.Methods The discriminatory profile,heat map, and statistic profile were developed to visualize the multivariate data obtained from high-throughput GC-TOF-MS analysis. Results The discriminatory profile and heat map obviously showed the discriminatory metabolites between the two groups,while the statistic profile showed the potential markers of statistic significance.Conclusion The three types of profiles greatly facilitate our understanding of the metabolomic data and the identification of the potential markers.
基金Project(2013CB733605)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(21176073)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘A multivariate method for fault diagnosis and process monitoring is proposed. This technique is based on a statistical pattern(SP) framework integrated with a self-organizing map(SOM). An SP-based SOM is used as a classifier to distinguish various states on the output map, which can visually monitor abnormal states. A case study of the Tennessee Eastman(TE) process is presented to demonstrate the fault diagnosis and process monitoring performance of the proposed method. Results show that the SP-based SOM method is a visual tool for real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis that can be used in complex chemical processes.Compared with other SOM-based methods, the proposed method can more efficiently monitor and diagnose faults.
文摘针对传统Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(Unscented Kalman filter,UKF)在噪声先验统计未知时变情况下非线性滤波精度下降甚至发散的问题,设计了一种带噪声统计估计器的自适应UKF滤波算法.首先根据极大后验(Maximum a posterior,MAP)估计原理,推导出一种次优无偏MAP常值噪声统计估计器;接着在此基础之上,采用指数加权的方法,给出了时变噪声统计估计器的递推公式;最后对自适应UKF算法进行了性能分析.相比于传统UKF,该自适应UKF算法在噪声统计未知时变情况下不仅滤波依然收敛,滤波精度及稳定性显著提高,而且其具有应对噪声变化的自适应能力.仿真实例验证了其有效性.
文摘为全面了解网联自动驾驶交通安全领域的研究进展,利用文献计量方法通过Web of Science核心数据库对Connected and Automated(Autonomous)Vehicles、Connected(Autonomous)Vehicles、Traffic Safety(Accident,Crash,Collision,Conflict)等关键词进行检索,共获取2010至2021年2130篇相关文献,涵盖5474位作者和7017个关键词;利用科学知识图谱对网联自动驾驶道路交通安全研究发展历程、研究归属地、研究主题与内容、研究热点等进行分析总结和可视化解析;通过研究主题和热点的分析指出未来研究方向。研究结果表明:网联自动驾驶道路交通安全研究经历了起步阶段、缓慢增长阶段和快速发展阶段;美国和中国是当今世界对网联自动驾驶道路交通安全领域贡献最大的2个研究主体;研究主题主要围绕宏微观交通流、交通系统影响(交通出行、交通环境、交通安全)、车辆安全避障与路径规划、交通安全评价等展开,研究热点重点围绕网联自动驾驶交通控制与系统优化、新型混合交通流交通安全分析、微观行为建模与仿真安全评估等;未来研究需重视由单车安全转向交通流事故风险传播研究,突破智能网联车队群体决策与编队控制技术,构建虚拟现实下智能网联数据化仿真环境与深度测试平台,挖掘网联自动驾驶人机共驾情境下驾驶人接管绩效评价体系,从而进行精细化的事故风险致因分析、交通安全建模与评估以及事故风险防控策略与算法研究。
文摘Quantitative descriptions of geochemical patterns and providing geochemical anomaly map are important in applied geochemistry. Several statistical methodologies are presented in order to identify and separate geochemical anomalies. The U-statistic method is one of the most important structural methods and is a kind of weighted mean that surrounding points of samples are considered in U value determination. However, it is able to separate the different anomalies based on only one variable. The main aim of the presented study is development of this method in a multivariate mode. For this purpose, U-statistic method should be combined with a multivariate method which devotes a new value to each sample based on several variables. Therefore, at the first step, the optimum p is calculated in p-norm distance and then U-statistic method is applied on p-norm distance values of the samples because p-norm distance is calculated based on several variables. This method is a combination of efficient U-statistic method and p-norm distance and is used for the first time in this research. Results show that p-norm distance of p=2(Euclidean distance) in the case of a fact that Au and As can be considered optimized p-norm distance with the lowest error. The samples indicated by the combination of these methods as anomalous are more regular, less dispersed and more accurate than using just the U-statistic or other nonstructural methods such as Mahalanobis distance. Also it was observed that the combination results are closely associated with the defined Au ore indication within the studied area. Finally, univariate and bivariate geochemical anomaly maps are provided for Au and As, which have been respectively prepared using U-statistic and its combination with Euclidean distance method.
