A field study was conducted for two years at the Arid Zone Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, to determine the optimum level of nitrogen and efficient application method in the production of sorghum （Sor...A field study was conducted for two years at the Arid Zone Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, to determine the optimum level of nitrogen and efficient application method in the production of sorghum （Sorghum bicolor L.）. Using four levels of nitrogen, i.e., 0, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha^-1, and two different application methods （soil application and foliar spray）, the experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, where the main plots were used to determine the effective method of application and the subplots were used to detect the influence of N levels on the grain yield. The average data obtained after two years of study indicated an increase in the grain yields with an increase in N levels irrespective of the method used of N application. The grain yield increased from 2.92 to 5.61 t ha^-1 in the plots that were treated with 90 kg N ha^-1 compared with the control plots. Quadratic regression analysis showed that the increase in the yield was higher at the lower levels of N compared with the succeeding higher levels. The soil application method, producing an average grain yield of 4.79 t ha^-1, was found to be superior to the foliar spray method with an average grain yield of 4.56 t ha^-1. The protein content of the grain showed a linear increase with N application, attaining the maximum at 120 kg N ha^-1 in both the methods of N application. In addition, compared with the method of soil application, higher crude protein contents were observed using the method of foliar spray at all N levels.展开更多
目的优选速溶药茶颗粒提取液的最佳干燥方法及成型工艺,使其最大限度地保留茶香,口感最好;使该制备工艺科学、合理、可行。方法以药茶中最不稳定成分茶多酚的含量作为评价工艺的指标,采用福林酚法测定药茶中茶多酚的含量,采用正交设计...目的优选速溶药茶颗粒提取液的最佳干燥方法及成型工艺,使其最大限度地保留茶香,口感最好;使该制备工艺科学、合理、可行。方法以药茶中最不稳定成分茶多酚的含量作为评价工艺的指标,采用福林酚法测定药茶中茶多酚的含量,采用正交设计实验法优选药茶喷雾干燥的最优工艺参数,再用完全随机t检验比较喷雾干燥法和冷冻干燥法药茶中茶多酚的损失量;以口感、外观等为评价指标,采用等级一致性检验法筛选速溶药茶颗粒最优成型工艺。结果药茶最佳喷雾干燥工艺参数为药液温度为50℃,进风温度为120℃,泵药速度为5 m L/min,通针次数为5次/min。喷雾干燥较冷冻干燥药茶中茶多酚损失少。制粒中不加任何辅料,仅用92%的乙醇湿法制粒,湿粒用25℃通风干燥。结论按此工艺制备速溶药茶颗粒可最大限度地保存茶香,与用茶砖浸泡的茶汤比较,口感无明显差别,达到了速溶药茶颗粒的研制目标。展开更多
文摘A field study was conducted for two years at the Arid Zone Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, to determine the optimum level of nitrogen and efficient application method in the production of sorghum （Sorghum bicolor L.）. Using four levels of nitrogen, i.e., 0, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha^-1, and two different application methods （soil application and foliar spray）, the experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, where the main plots were used to determine the effective method of application and the subplots were used to detect the influence of N levels on the grain yield. The average data obtained after two years of study indicated an increase in the grain yields with an increase in N levels irrespective of the method used of N application. The grain yield increased from 2.92 to 5.61 t ha^-1 in the plots that were treated with 90 kg N ha^-1 compared with the control plots. Quadratic regression analysis showed that the increase in the yield was higher at the lower levels of N compared with the succeeding higher levels. The soil application method, producing an average grain yield of 4.79 t ha^-1, was found to be superior to the foliar spray method with an average grain yield of 4.56 t ha^-1. The protein content of the grain showed a linear increase with N application, attaining the maximum at 120 kg N ha^-1 in both the methods of N application. In addition, compared with the method of soil application, higher crude protein contents were observed using the method of foliar spray at all N levels.
文摘目的优选速溶药茶颗粒提取液的最佳干燥方法及成型工艺,使其最大限度地保留茶香,口感最好;使该制备工艺科学、合理、可行。方法以药茶中最不稳定成分茶多酚的含量作为评价工艺的指标,采用福林酚法测定药茶中茶多酚的含量,采用正交设计实验法优选药茶喷雾干燥的最优工艺参数,再用完全随机t检验比较喷雾干燥法和冷冻干燥法药茶中茶多酚的损失量;以口感、外观等为评价指标,采用等级一致性检验法筛选速溶药茶颗粒最优成型工艺。结果药茶最佳喷雾干燥工艺参数为药液温度为50℃,进风温度为120℃,泵药速度为5 m L/min,通针次数为5次/min。喷雾干燥较冷冻干燥药茶中茶多酚损失少。制粒中不加任何辅料,仅用92%的乙醇湿法制粒,湿粒用25℃通风干燥。结论按此工艺制备速溶药茶颗粒可最大限度地保存茶香,与用茶砖浸泡的茶汤比较,口感无明显差别,达到了速溶药茶颗粒的研制目标。
