声呐波束形成处理通常输出各个方位上的目标能量信息,利用指向性极大值位置给出目标的大致方位。为了得到更加精确的目标方位估计,需要寻找对目标方位微小变化作出灵敏反应的物理量。分裂波束处理所输出的各个方位二子阵的相位差信息,...声呐波束形成处理通常输出各个方位上的目标能量信息,利用指向性极大值位置给出目标的大致方位。为了得到更加精确的目标方位估计,需要寻找对目标方位微小变化作出灵敏反应的物理量。分裂波束处理所输出的各个方位二子阵的相位差信息,对方位变化十分灵敏,其测向精度接近于克拉美罗下界,不需增加太大运算量即可显著提高声呐系统测向精度,在水声中得到了广泛研究和应用。对线阵分裂波束处理在水声探测中不同的应用进行了梳理和总结,重点阐述了基于分裂阵半波束处理的被动声呐宽带相关检测、主动声呐相位单元化处理、超波束形成和水下慢速目标相位差空时方差自动检测跟踪(Automatic Detection and Tracking,ADT)技术的原理、处理流程和结果。展开更多
This paper presents a low power 10 bit 300 ksps successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) which is applied in wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. A single ended energy- saving...This paper presents a low power 10 bit 300 ksps successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) which is applied in wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. A single ended energy- saving split capacitor DAC array and a latch comparator with a rail to rail input stage are utilized to implement the ADC, which can reduce power dissipation while expanding the full scale input range and improve the signal-to- noise ratio (SNR). For power optimization the supply voltage of the SAR ADC is designed to be as low as 2 V. Four analog input channels are designed which make the ADC more suitable for WSN applications. The prototype circuit is fabricated using 3.3 V, 0.35μm 2P4M CMOS technology and occupies an active chip area of 1.23 mm2. The test results show that the power dissipation is only 200μW at a 2 V power supply and a sampling rate of 166 ksps. The calculated SNR is 58.25 dB, the ENOB is 9.38 bit and the FOM is 4.95 p J/conversion-step.展开更多
为了提高声呐系统对目标方位的分辨能力,本文提出一种分裂阵频域波束形成方法,即超波束互谱测向法。通过将超波束方法得到的方位谱加权到互谱方法得到的波束形成结果上,从而得到最终的波束输出结果。超波束互谱测向方法的优点是既能够...为了提高声呐系统对目标方位的分辨能力,本文提出一种分裂阵频域波束形成方法,即超波束互谱测向法。通过将超波束方法得到的方位谱加权到互谱方法得到的波束形成结果上,从而得到最终的波束输出结果。超波束互谱测向方法的优点是既能够降低主瓣宽度,抑制旁瓣,提高测向分辨力;又能够保留相位信息,为后续谱分析应用提供参考。实验室水池测试结果表明,利用阵元间距为0.016 m的16元均匀直线阵,对于37.5 k Hz的声信号,采用超波束互谱方法进行波束形成与单纯采用互谱方法进行波束形成相比较,在0°和60°方位上的波束主瓣宽度分别减小了3.8°和6.9°,旁瓣幅度降低超过30 d B,测向分辨力得到明显提高,从而验证采用超波束互谱测向方法提高测向分辨力的可行性和有效性。展开更多
文摘声呐波束形成处理通常输出各个方位上的目标能量信息,利用指向性极大值位置给出目标的大致方位。为了得到更加精确的目标方位估计,需要寻找对目标方位微小变化作出灵敏反应的物理量。分裂波束处理所输出的各个方位二子阵的相位差信息,对方位变化十分灵敏,其测向精度接近于克拉美罗下界,不需增加太大运算量即可显著提高声呐系统测向精度,在水声中得到了广泛研究和应用。对线阵分裂波束处理在水声探测中不同的应用进行了梳理和总结,重点阐述了基于分裂阵半波束处理的被动声呐宽带相关检测、主动声呐相位单元化处理、超波束形成和水下慢速目标相位差空时方差自动检测跟踪(Automatic Detection and Tracking,ADT)技术的原理、处理流程和结果。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61107025)the Key Innovation Team Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2010R50010)
文摘This paper presents a low power 10 bit 300 ksps successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) which is applied in wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. A single ended energy- saving split capacitor DAC array and a latch comparator with a rail to rail input stage are utilized to implement the ADC, which can reduce power dissipation while expanding the full scale input range and improve the signal-to- noise ratio (SNR). For power optimization the supply voltage of the SAR ADC is designed to be as low as 2 V. Four analog input channels are designed which make the ADC more suitable for WSN applications. The prototype circuit is fabricated using 3.3 V, 0.35μm 2P4M CMOS technology and occupies an active chip area of 1.23 mm2. The test results show that the power dissipation is only 200μW at a 2 V power supply and a sampling rate of 166 ksps. The calculated SNR is 58.25 dB, the ENOB is 9.38 bit and the FOM is 4.95 p J/conversion-step.
文摘为了提高声呐系统对目标方位的分辨能力,本文提出一种分裂阵频域波束形成方法,即超波束互谱测向法。通过将超波束方法得到的方位谱加权到互谱方法得到的波束形成结果上,从而得到最终的波束输出结果。超波束互谱测向方法的优点是既能够降低主瓣宽度,抑制旁瓣,提高测向分辨力;又能够保留相位信息,为后续谱分析应用提供参考。实验室水池测试结果表明,利用阵元间距为0.016 m的16元均匀直线阵,对于37.5 k Hz的声信号,采用超波束互谱方法进行波束形成与单纯采用互谱方法进行波束形成相比较,在0°和60°方位上的波束主瓣宽度分别减小了3.8°和6.9°,旁瓣幅度降低超过30 d B,测向分辨力得到明显提高,从而验证采用超波束互谱测向方法提高测向分辨力的可行性和有效性。