The development of cancer is a pathological process involving multiple environmental carcinogenic factors and genetic alterations.For decades,cancer researchers have focused on genomic and transcriptomic analyses.The ...The development of cancer is a pathological process involving multiple environmental carcinogenic factors and genetic alterations.For decades,cancer researchers have focused on genomic and transcriptomic analyses.The completion of the Human Genome Project has opened the door to the post-genome era and oncoproteomics.Proteins play a critical role in tumorigenesis and influence the differences between normal cells and malignant cells.This report proposes the concept that cancer is a proteomic disease.This concept is based on examining protein expression profiles,post-translational modifications,and protein-protein interactions in carcinogenesis using recent advances in comparative,functional and structural proteomics.This approach provides a new way of viewing carcinogenesis,presents new clues in biomarker discovery for cancer diagnosis and therapy,and reveals important scientific findings and their significance to clinical applications.展开更多
The lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs) are considered as one of the promising next generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity of sulfur(1675 m Ah g-1), naturally available, low cost.Ho...The lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs) are considered as one of the promising next generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity of sulfur(1675 m Ah g-1), naturally available, low cost.However, the practical LSBs are impeded by the well-known "shuttle effect" combined with other technical drawbacks. The "shuttle effect" causes rapid capacity decay, severe self-discharging and low active material utilization. The polysulfide(PS) which has lone pair electrons in each sulfur atom is considered as Lewis base and shows strong affinity to various polar, Lewis acid and catenation interactive materials but very weakly interacts with the non-polar conductive carbons. The "shuttle effect" occurs due to the diffusion of high order PS from the cathode to the anode and then low-order PS back to the cathode. The PS is polar and, due to a lone pair of electrons associated with the sulfur atom, is considered a Lewis base. As such, the PS shows a strong affinity with various polar and Lewis acid materials. In addition, a more novel trapping can be performance through a catenation reaction. For LSBs to compete with the state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries(LIBs), the LSB areal capacity need to be ~6 m Ah cm-2(which is proportional to sulfur loading). To achieve this target the PS shuttling needs to mitigate, which can be achieved through using functional materials. This review addresses the aforementioned phenomena by considering the PS phase interacts with the various functional materials and how this impacts areal capacity and cycling stability of LSBs.展开更多
Biological receptor-ligand adhesion governed by mammalian cells involves a series of mechanochemical pro-cesses that can realize reversible,loading rate-dependent specific interfacial bonding,and even exhibit a counte...Biological receptor-ligand adhesion governed by mammalian cells involves a series of mechanochemical pro-cesses that can realize reversible,loading rate-dependent specific interfacial bonding,and even exhibit a counterintuitive behavior called catch bonds that tend to have much longer lifetimes when larger pulling forces are applied.Inspired by these catch bonds,we designed a hydrogen bonding-meditated hydrogel made from acrylic acid-N-acryloyl glycinamide(AA-NAGA)copolymers and tannic acids(TA),which formed repeatable specific adhesion to polar surfaces in an ultra-fast and robust way,but hardly adhered to nonpolar materials.It demonstrated up to five-fold increase in shear adhesive strength and interfacial adhesive toughness with external loading rates varying from 5 to 500 mm min^(-1).With a mechanochemical coupling model based on Monte Carlo simulations,we quantitatively revealed the nonlinear dependence of rate-sensitive interfacial adhesion on external loading,which was in good agreement with the experimental data.Likewise,the developed hydrogels were biocompatible,possessed antioxidant and antibacterial properties and promoted wound healing.This work not only reports a stimuli-responsive hydrogel adhesive suitable for multiple biomedical applications,but also offers an innovative strategy for bionic designs of smart hydrogels with loading rate-sensitive specific adhesion for various emerging areas including flexible electronics and soft robotics.展开更多
Transcription factors(TFs)orchestrate the regulation of cellular gene expression and thereby determine cell functionality.In this study,we analyzed the distribution of TFs containing domains,which named as ZnFTFs,both...Transcription factors(TFs)orchestrate the regulation of cellular gene expression and thereby determine cell functionality.In this study,we analyzed the distribution of TFs containing domains,which named as ZnFTFs,both in ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi.We found that ZnFTFs were widely distributed in these fungal species,but there was more expansion of the ZnFTF class in Ascomycota than Basidiomycota.We identified 40 ZnFTFs in Ustilaginoidea virens,and demonstrated the involvement of UvZnFTF1 in vegetative growth,conidiation,pigment biosynthesis and pathogenicity.RNA-Seq analysis suggested that UvZnFTF1 may regulate different nutrient metabolism pathways,the production of secondary metabolites,and the expression of pathogen-host interaction genes and secreted protein-encodi ng genes.Analysis of the distributi on of differe nt fungal TFs in U.virens further dem on strated that UvZnFTFs make up a large TF family and may play essential biological roles in U.virens.展开更多
We investigate the effects due to anisotropy and magnetic field interaction for a quasi-two-dimensional Boltzmann gas in an elliptical parabolic quantum dot. The specific heat is studied with varying temperature, anis...We investigate the effects due to anisotropy and magnetic field interaction for a quasi-two-dimensional Boltzmann gas in an elliptical parabolic quantum dot. The specific heat is studied with varying temperature, anisotropy, and magnetic field strength. The cases without and with the inclusion of the spin Zeeman interaction are considered.展开更多
The knowledge of interactions among functional proteins helps researchers understand disease mechanisms and design potential strategies for treatment.As a general approach,the fluorescent and affinity tags were employ...The knowledge of interactions among functional proteins helps researchers understand disease mechanisms and design potential strategies for treatment.As a general approach,the fluorescent and affinity tags were employed for exploring this field by labeling the Protein of Interest(POI).However,the autofluorescence and weak binding strength significantly reduce the accuracy and specificity of these tags.Conversely,HaloTag,a novel self-labeling enzyme(SLE)tag,could quickly form a covalent bond with its ligand,enabling fast and specific labeling of POI.These desirable features greatly increase the accuracy and specificity,making the HaloTag a valuable system for various applications ranging from imaging to immobilization of POI.Notably,the HaloTag technique has already been successfully employed in a series of studies with excellent efficiency.In this review,we summarize the development of HaloTag and recent advanced investigations associated with HaloTag,including in vitro imaging(e.g.,POI imaging,cellular condition monitoring,microorganism imaging,system development),in vivo imaging,biomolecule immobilization(e.g.,POI collection,protein/nuclear acid interaction and protein structure analysis),targeted degradation(e.g.,L-AdPROM),and more.We also present a systematic discussion regarding the future direction and challenges of the HaloTag technique.展开更多
In this work,we demonstrate that the strength of anion specificities of thermosensitive polymers is determined by the affinity of direct anion binding to the polymers.We have prepared a series of thermosensitive stati...In this work,we demonstrate that the strength of anion specificities of thermosensitive polymers is determined by the affinity of direct anion binding to the polymers.We have prepared a series of thermosensitive statistical copolymers with distinct thermoresponsive behaviors.The anions can specifically interact with the different types of thermosensitive polymers in very different strengths.A similar strength of specific anion effects on thermoresponsive behaviors can be observed at very different salt concentrations for the different types of thermosensitive polymers.A stronger anion binding to the thermosensitive polymers gives rise to a more obvious anion specificity and vice versa.The work presented here opens up opportunities for the application of ion binding affinity to modulate the strength of ion specificities of thermosensitive polymers.展开更多
Recently,there has been significant progress in the development of genetically-engineered mouse(GEM)models.By introducing genetic alterations and/or signaling alterations of human pancreatic cancer into the mouse panc...Recently,there has been significant progress in the development of genetically-engineered mouse(GEM)models.By introducing genetic alterations and/or signaling alterations of human pancreatic cancer into the mouse pancreas,animal models can recapitulate human disease.Pancreas epithelium-specific endogenous Kras activation develops murine pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia(mPanIN).Additional inactivation of p16,p53,or transforming growth factor-βsignaling,in the context of Kras activation,dramatically accelerates mPanIN progression to invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)with abundant stromal expansion and marked fibrosis(desmoplasia).The autochthonous cancer models retain tumor progression processes from pre-cancer to cancer as well as the intact tumor microenvironment,which is superior to xenograft models,although there are some limitations and differences from human PDAC.By fully studying GEM models,we can understand the mechanisms of PDAC formation and progression more precisely,which will lead us to a breakthrough in novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods as well as identification of the origin of PDAC.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos.2001CB510207 and 2011CB910704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.30800419,30973289 and 30972970)+1 种基金Science and Technology Foundation of Hengyang (Grant No.2010kj10)grants for Outstanding Scholars of New Era from Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.NCET-07-0861)
文摘The development of cancer is a pathological process involving multiple environmental carcinogenic factors and genetic alterations.For decades,cancer researchers have focused on genomic and transcriptomic analyses.The completion of the Human Genome Project has opened the door to the post-genome era and oncoproteomics.Proteins play a critical role in tumorigenesis and influence the differences between normal cells and malignant cells.This report proposes the concept that cancer is a proteomic disease.This concept is based on examining protein expression profiles,post-translational modifications,and protein-protein interactions in carcinogenesis using recent advances in comparative,functional and structural proteomics.This approach provides a new way of viewing carcinogenesis,presents new clues in biomarker discovery for cancer diagnosis and therapy,and reveals important scientific findings and their significance to clinical applications.
文摘The lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs) are considered as one of the promising next generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity of sulfur(1675 m Ah g-1), naturally available, low cost.However, the practical LSBs are impeded by the well-known "shuttle effect" combined with other technical drawbacks. The "shuttle effect" causes rapid capacity decay, severe self-discharging and low active material utilization. The polysulfide(PS) which has lone pair electrons in each sulfur atom is considered as Lewis base and shows strong affinity to various polar, Lewis acid and catenation interactive materials but very weakly interacts with the non-polar conductive carbons. The "shuttle effect" occurs due to the diffusion of high order PS from the cathode to the anode and then low-order PS back to the cathode. The PS is polar and, due to a lone pair of electrons associated with the sulfur atom, is considered a Lewis base. As such, the PS shows a strong affinity with various polar and Lewis acid materials. In addition, a more novel trapping can be performance through a catenation reaction. For LSBs to compete with the state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries(LIBs), the LSB areal capacity need to be ~6 m Ah cm-2(which is proportional to sulfur loading). To achieve this target the PS shuttling needs to mitigate, which can be achieved through using functional materials. This review addresses the aforementioned phenomena by considering the PS phase interacts with the various functional materials and how this impacts areal capacity and cycling stability of LSBs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.11972001,11972002,12072001 and 91848201)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant no.Z200017)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant no.2021YFA1000201).
文摘Biological receptor-ligand adhesion governed by mammalian cells involves a series of mechanochemical pro-cesses that can realize reversible,loading rate-dependent specific interfacial bonding,and even exhibit a counterintuitive behavior called catch bonds that tend to have much longer lifetimes when larger pulling forces are applied.Inspired by these catch bonds,we designed a hydrogen bonding-meditated hydrogel made from acrylic acid-N-acryloyl glycinamide(AA-NAGA)copolymers and tannic acids(TA),which formed repeatable specific adhesion to polar surfaces in an ultra-fast and robust way,but hardly adhered to nonpolar materials.It demonstrated up to five-fold increase in shear adhesive strength and interfacial adhesive toughness with external loading rates varying from 5 to 500 mm min^(-1).With a mechanochemical coupling model based on Monte Carlo simulations,we quantitatively revealed the nonlinear dependence of rate-sensitive interfacial adhesion on external loading,which was in good agreement with the experimental data.Likewise,the developed hydrogels were biocompatible,possessed antioxidant and antibacterial properties and promoted wound healing.This work not only reports a stimuli-responsive hydrogel adhesive suitable for multiple biomedical applications,but also offers an innovative strategy for bionic designs of smart hydrogels with loading rate-sensitive specific adhesion for various emerging areas including flexible electronics and soft robotics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31601593)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship of China Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.YESS20170108)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20160588).
文摘Transcription factors(TFs)orchestrate the regulation of cellular gene expression and thereby determine cell functionality.In this study,we analyzed the distribution of TFs containing domains,which named as ZnFTFs,both in ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi.We found that ZnFTFs were widely distributed in these fungal species,but there was more expansion of the ZnFTF class in Ascomycota than Basidiomycota.We identified 40 ZnFTFs in Ustilaginoidea virens,and demonstrated the involvement of UvZnFTF1 in vegetative growth,conidiation,pigment biosynthesis and pathogenicity.RNA-Seq analysis suggested that UvZnFTF1 may regulate different nutrient metabolism pathways,the production of secondary metabolites,and the expression of pathogen-host interaction genes and secreted protein-encodi ng genes.Analysis of the distributi on of differe nt fungal TFs in U.virens further dem on strated that UvZnFTFs make up a large TF family and may play essential biological roles in U.virens.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10805029)the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. R6090717)the K.C. Wong Magna Foundation of Ningbo University, China
文摘We investigate the effects due to anisotropy and magnetic field interaction for a quasi-two-dimensional Boltzmann gas in an elliptical parabolic quantum dot. The specific heat is studied with varying temperature, anisotropy, and magnetic field strength. The cases without and with the inclusion of the spin Zeeman interaction are considered.
基金The authors are grateful for financial support from the University of Wisconsin—Madison and National Institutes of Health(P30CA014520).
文摘The knowledge of interactions among functional proteins helps researchers understand disease mechanisms and design potential strategies for treatment.As a general approach,the fluorescent and affinity tags were employed for exploring this field by labeling the Protein of Interest(POI).However,the autofluorescence and weak binding strength significantly reduce the accuracy and specificity of these tags.Conversely,HaloTag,a novel self-labeling enzyme(SLE)tag,could quickly form a covalent bond with its ligand,enabling fast and specific labeling of POI.These desirable features greatly increase the accuracy and specificity,making the HaloTag a valuable system for various applications ranging from imaging to immobilization of POI.Notably,the HaloTag technique has already been successfully employed in a series of studies with excellent efficiency.In this review,we summarize the development of HaloTag and recent advanced investigations associated with HaloTag,including in vitro imaging(e.g.,POI imaging,cellular condition monitoring,microorganism imaging,system development),in vivo imaging,biomolecule immobilization(e.g.,POI collection,protein/nuclear acid interaction and protein structure analysis),targeted degradation(e.g.,L-AdPROM),and more.We also present a systematic discussion regarding the future direction and challenges of the HaloTag technique.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21873091,21622405,21574121 and 52033001)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(No.Y201769)+1 种基金the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory(No.UN2018LHJJ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2480000007)。
文摘In this work,we demonstrate that the strength of anion specificities of thermosensitive polymers is determined by the affinity of direct anion binding to the polymers.We have prepared a series of thermosensitive statistical copolymers with distinct thermoresponsive behaviors.The anions can specifically interact with the different types of thermosensitive polymers in very different strengths.A similar strength of specific anion effects on thermoresponsive behaviors can be observed at very different salt concentrations for the different types of thermosensitive polymers.A stronger anion binding to the thermosensitive polymers gives rise to a more obvious anion specificity and vice versa.The work presented here opens up opportunities for the application of ion binding affinity to modulate the strength of ion specificities of thermosensitive polymers.
文摘Recently,there has been significant progress in the development of genetically-engineered mouse(GEM)models.By introducing genetic alterations and/or signaling alterations of human pancreatic cancer into the mouse pancreas,animal models can recapitulate human disease.Pancreas epithelium-specific endogenous Kras activation develops murine pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia(mPanIN).Additional inactivation of p16,p53,or transforming growth factor-βsignaling,in the context of Kras activation,dramatically accelerates mPanIN progression to invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)with abundant stromal expansion and marked fibrosis(desmoplasia).The autochthonous cancer models retain tumor progression processes from pre-cancer to cancer as well as the intact tumor microenvironment,which is superior to xenograft models,although there are some limitations and differences from human PDAC.By fully studying GEM models,we can understand the mechanisms of PDAC formation and progression more precisely,which will lead us to a breakthrough in novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods as well as identification of the origin of PDAC.
