This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm...This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm level. Standard microeconomic tools are employed to assess the effects of inter-firm dissimilarities in both demand and supply on firms＇ responses to changes in trade policy. In this set-up, dissimilarities in firm characteristics play roles similar to factor endowments and technology differences in traditional trade models. When cross-border production sharing （＂fragmentation＂） is introduced into this framework, those differences in firm characteristics determine the degree to which individual firms will enter into production networks. In this context, horizontal and vertical intra-industry tradel elements interact in their effects on firm decisions. Traditional comparative advantage considerations still govern the choice of off-shored activities, while direct competition between imports and exports expands the range of possible outcomes. Finally, it is shown that cross-border production sharing reduces the sensitivity of firms to variations in exchange rates, matching a phenomenon that has been observed in traditional country-level models.展开更多
中国作为最大贸易国与出口国,但量的增长是否代表质的提升呢?分析制造业在全球价值链地位则能够在一定程度上做出客观估计。相对于以往研究,本文将国内增加值率嵌入传统Hausmann and Rodrik(2007)出口复杂度指数,构建新的全球价值链地...中国作为最大贸易国与出口国,但量的增长是否代表质的提升呢?分析制造业在全球价值链地位则能够在一定程度上做出客观估计。相对于以往研究,本文将国内增加值率嵌入传统Hausmann and Rodrik(2007)出口复杂度指数,构建新的全球价值链地位衡量指标,采用2000~2013年UNCOMTRADE出口数据,结合经济合作与发展组织(OECD)投入产出表对我国制造业国际分工地位进行重新估算,并与其他代表性7国进行国际比较。研究结果表明在垂直专业化分工体系下,中国无论劳动资源密集、资本密集和技术密集行业全球价值链地位均快速提升,且技术密集行业逐渐接近发达国家,但总体水平仍存在较大差距。中国制造业在积极参与全球生产网络的同时,应注重人力资本等要素积累,避免出现价值链'低端锁定'效应。展开更多
文摘This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm level. Standard microeconomic tools are employed to assess the effects of inter-firm dissimilarities in both demand and supply on firms＇ responses to changes in trade policy. In this set-up, dissimilarities in firm characteristics play roles similar to factor endowments and technology differences in traditional trade models. When cross-border production sharing （＂fragmentation＂） is introduced into this framework, those differences in firm characteristics determine the degree to which individual firms will enter into production networks. In this context, horizontal and vertical intra-industry tradel elements interact in their effects on firm decisions. Traditional comparative advantage considerations still govern the choice of off-shored activities, while direct competition between imports and exports expands the range of possible outcomes. Finally, it is shown that cross-border production sharing reduces the sensitivity of firms to variations in exchange rates, matching a phenomenon that has been observed in traditional country-level models.
文摘中国作为最大贸易国与出口国,但量的增长是否代表质的提升呢?分析制造业在全球价值链地位则能够在一定程度上做出客观估计。相对于以往研究,本文将国内增加值率嵌入传统Hausmann and Rodrik(2007)出口复杂度指数,构建新的全球价值链地位衡量指标,采用2000~2013年UNCOMTRADE出口数据,结合经济合作与发展组织(OECD)投入产出表对我国制造业国际分工地位进行重新估算,并与其他代表性7国进行国际比较。研究结果表明在垂直专业化分工体系下,中国无论劳动资源密集、资本密集和技术密集行业全球价值链地位均快速提升,且技术密集行业逐渐接近发达国家,但总体水平仍存在较大差距。中国制造业在积极参与全球生产网络的同时,应注重人力资本等要素积累,避免出现价值链'低端锁定'效应。
