A new methodology for multi-step-ahead forecasting was proposed herein which combined the wavelet transform(WT), artificial neural network(ANN) and forecasting strategies based on the changing characteristics of avail...A new methodology for multi-step-ahead forecasting was proposed herein which combined the wavelet transform(WT), artificial neural network(ANN) and forecasting strategies based on the changing characteristics of available parking spaces(APS). First, several APS time series were decomposed and reconstituted by the wavelet transform. Then, using an artificial neural network, the following five strategies for multi-step-ahead time series forecasting were used to forecast the reconstructed time series: recursive strategy, direct strategy, multi-input multi-output(MIMO) strategy, DIRMO strategy(a combination of the direct and MIMO strategies), and newly proposed recursive multi-input multi-output(RECMO) strategy which is a combination of the recursive and MIMO strategies. Finally, integrating the predicted results with the reconstructed time series produced the final forecasted available parking spaces. Three findings appear to be consistently supported by the experimental results. First, applying the wavelet transform to multi-step ahead available parking spaces forecasting can effectively improve the forecasting accuracy. Second, the forecasting resulted from the DIRMO and RECMO strategies is more accurate than that of the other strategies. Finally, the RECMO strategy requires less model training time than the DIRMO strategy and consumes the least amount of training time among five forecasting strategies.展开更多
在利用均匀网格时域有限差分法(finite-difference time domain,FDTD)计算地闪回击电磁脉冲时,空间步长选取较大会导致计算结果中后期出现震荡,所以为了计算结果的准确必须采用较小的空间步长,导致计算效率低、内存需求大。为了解决这...在利用均匀网格时域有限差分法(finite-difference time domain,FDTD)计算地闪回击电磁脉冲时,空间步长选取较大会导致计算结果中后期出现震荡,所以为了计算结果的准确必须采用较小的空间步长,导致计算效率低、内存需求大。为了解决这一问题,提出利用惠更斯亚网格技术改进计算模型,改进后的模型可以实现在距离雷电通道近、高频分量多的区域采用较小的空间步长,其余区域仍采用较大的空间步长,从而以较高的计算效率消除计算结果中后期的震荡。首先,分析了空间步长对均匀网格FDTD法的各个场分量计算结果的影响;其次,通过与均匀网格FDTD计算结果对比,深入研究了改进模型对水平电场中后期震荡的消除作用。结果表明:随着步长的增大,水平电场中后期震荡剧烈;在不同地面电导率、地闪回击速度下,改进后的计算模型均能以较高的计算效率得到准确的、无震荡的计算结果。展开更多
The techniques to forecast available parking space(APS) are indispensable components for parking guidance systems(PGS). According to the data collected in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the changing characteristics of ...The techniques to forecast available parking space(APS) are indispensable components for parking guidance systems(PGS). According to the data collected in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the changing characteristics of APS were studied. Thereafter, aiming to build up a multi-step APS forecasting model that provides richer information than a conventional one-step model, the largest Lyapunov exponents(largest LEs) method was introduced into PGS. By experimental tests conducted using the same dataset, its prediction performance was compared with traditional wavelet neural network(WNN) method in both one-step and multi-step processes. Based on the results, a new multi-step forecasting model called WNN-LE method was proposed, where WNN, which enjoys a more accurate performance along with a better learning ability in short-term forecasting, was applied in the early forecast steps while the Lyapunov exponent prediction method in the latter steps precisely reflect the chaotic feature in latter forecast period. The MSE of APS forecasting for one hour time period can be reduced from 83.1 to 27.1(in a parking building with 492 berths) by using largest LEs method instead of WNN and further reduced to 19.0 by conducted the new method.展开更多
A new method for edge detection based on directional space is proposed.The principle is that:firstly,the directional differential space is set up in which the ridge edge pixels and valley edge pixels are abstracted wi...A new method for edge detection based on directional space is proposed.The principle is that:firstly,the directional differential space is set up in which the ridge edge pixels and valley edge pixels are abstracted with the help of the method of logical judgments along the direction of differential function,forming a directional roof edge map;secondly,step edge pixels are abstracted between the neighboring directional ridge edge and directional valley edge along the direction of differential function;finally,the ridge edge map,valley edge map and step edge map gained along different directions are combined into corresponding ridge edge map,valley edge map and step edge map.This method is different from classical algorithms in which the gray differential values of the mutual vertical direction are combined into one gradient value.The experiment of edge detection is made for the images of nature scenery,human body and accumulative raw material,whose result is compared with the one of classical algorithms and showing the robustness of the proposed method.展开更多
基于美国Hopkins大学Gregory S. Chirikjian等人提出的永磁球形步进电动机模型,提出了一种检测空间中转子位置的方法。在转子球面上进行随机编码,采用光电传感器对转子的位置进行识别。在这种编码规则下,对传感器检测的分辨率进行了研究...基于美国Hopkins大学Gregory S. Chirikjian等人提出的永磁球形步进电动机模型,提出了一种检测空间中转子位置的方法。在转子球面上进行随机编码,采用光电传感器对转子的位置进行识别。在这种编码规则下,对传感器检测的分辨率进行了研究,建立状态空间作为表述问题的数据结构,使用图搜索方式进行单点搜索,以当前的分辨率精度得出空间中转子的位置,为以后球形电动机的闭环控制奠定了基础。展开更多
基金Project(51561135003)supported by the International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(51338003)supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new methodology for multi-step-ahead forecasting was proposed herein which combined the wavelet transform(WT), artificial neural network(ANN) and forecasting strategies based on the changing characteristics of available parking spaces(APS). First, several APS time series were decomposed and reconstituted by the wavelet transform. Then, using an artificial neural network, the following five strategies for multi-step-ahead time series forecasting were used to forecast the reconstructed time series: recursive strategy, direct strategy, multi-input multi-output(MIMO) strategy, DIRMO strategy(a combination of the direct and MIMO strategies), and newly proposed recursive multi-input multi-output(RECMO) strategy which is a combination of the recursive and MIMO strategies. Finally, integrating the predicted results with the reconstructed time series produced the final forecasted available parking spaces. Three findings appear to be consistently supported by the experimental results. First, applying the wavelet transform to multi-step ahead available parking spaces forecasting can effectively improve the forecasting accuracy. Second, the forecasting resulted from the DIRMO and RECMO strategies is more accurate than that of the other strategies. Finally, the RECMO strategy requires less model training time than the DIRMO strategy and consumes the least amount of training time among five forecasting strategies.
文摘在利用均匀网格时域有限差分法(finite-difference time domain,FDTD)计算地闪回击电磁脉冲时,空间步长选取较大会导致计算结果中后期出现震荡,所以为了计算结果的准确必须采用较小的空间步长,导致计算效率低、内存需求大。为了解决这一问题,提出利用惠更斯亚网格技术改进计算模型,改进后的模型可以实现在距离雷电通道近、高频分量多的区域采用较小的空间步长,其余区域仍采用较大的空间步长,从而以较高的计算效率消除计算结果中后期的震荡。首先,分析了空间步长对均匀网格FDTD法的各个场分量计算结果的影响;其次,通过与均匀网格FDTD计算结果对比,深入研究了改进模型对水平电场中后期震荡的消除作用。结果表明:随着步长的增大,水平电场中后期震荡剧烈;在不同地面电导率、地闪回击速度下,改进后的计算模型均能以较高的计算效率得到准确的、无震荡的计算结果。
基金Project(2012CB725402)supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(51338003,50908051)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The techniques to forecast available parking space(APS) are indispensable components for parking guidance systems(PGS). According to the data collected in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the changing characteristics of APS were studied. Thereafter, aiming to build up a multi-step APS forecasting model that provides richer information than a conventional one-step model, the largest Lyapunov exponents(largest LEs) method was introduced into PGS. By experimental tests conducted using the same dataset, its prediction performance was compared with traditional wavelet neural network(WNN) method in both one-step and multi-step processes. Based on the results, a new multi-step forecasting model called WNN-LE method was proposed, where WNN, which enjoys a more accurate performance along with a better learning ability in short-term forecasting, was applied in the early forecast steps while the Lyapunov exponent prediction method in the latter steps precisely reflect the chaotic feature in latter forecast period. The MSE of APS forecasting for one hour time period can be reduced from 83.1 to 27.1(in a parking building with 492 berths) by using largest LEs method instead of WNN and further reduced to 19.0 by conducted the new method.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2001101022).
文摘A new method for edge detection based on directional space is proposed.The principle is that:firstly,the directional differential space is set up in which the ridge edge pixels and valley edge pixels are abstracted with the help of the method of logical judgments along the direction of differential function,forming a directional roof edge map;secondly,step edge pixels are abstracted between the neighboring directional ridge edge and directional valley edge along the direction of differential function;finally,the ridge edge map,valley edge map and step edge map gained along different directions are combined into corresponding ridge edge map,valley edge map and step edge map.This method is different from classical algorithms in which the gray differential values of the mutual vertical direction are combined into one gradient value.The experiment of edge detection is made for the images of nature scenery,human body and accumulative raw material,whose result is compared with the one of classical algorithms and showing the robustness of the proposed method.
文摘基于美国Hopkins大学Gregory S. Chirikjian等人提出的永磁球形步进电动机模型,提出了一种检测空间中转子位置的方法。在转子球面上进行随机编码,采用光电传感器对转子的位置进行识别。在这种编码规则下,对传感器检测的分辨率进行了研究,建立状态空间作为表述问题的数据结构,使用图搜索方式进行单点搜索,以当前的分辨率精度得出空间中转子的位置,为以后球形电动机的闭环控制奠定了基础。
