Genome-scale data,while promising for illuminating phylogenetic relationships,frequently pose a conundrum by yielding conflicting topologies and highly variable gene tree distributions(Pease et al.,2016).This complexi...Genome-scale data,while promising for illuminating phylogenetic relationships,frequently pose a conundrum by yielding conflicting topologies and highly variable gene tree distributions(Pease et al.,2016).This complexity likely arises from the reticulate evolution observed in many taxa,where genetic information exchange occurs through diverse biological processes.展开更多
This study examined spatial variations in the concentration,grain size and heavy mineral assemblages on Cedar Beach（Lake Erie,Canada）.Magnetic studies of heavy mineral-enriched,dark-reddish sands present on the beac...This study examined spatial variations in the concentration,grain size and heavy mineral assemblages on Cedar Beach（Lake Erie,Canada）.Magnetic studies of heavy mineral-enriched,dark-reddish sands present on the beach showed that magnetite（～150μm） is the dominant magnetic mineral.Surficial magnetic susceptibility values defined three zones：a lakeward region close to the water line（Zone 1）,the upper swash zone（Zone 2） and the region landwards of the upper swash zone （Zone 3）.Zone 2 showed the highest bulk and mass susceptibility（κ,χ） and the highest mass percentage of smaller grain-size（250μm） fractions in the bulk sand sample.Susceptibility（i.e.κandχ） values decreased and grain size coarsened from Zone 2 lakewards（into Zone 1） and landwards （into Zone 3）,and correlated with the distribution of the heavy mineral assemblage,most probably reflecting preferential separation of large,less dense particles by waves and currents both along and across the beach.The eroded western section of Cedar Beach showed much higher concentrations of heavy minerals including magnetite,and finer sand grain sizes than the accreting eastern section, suggesting that magnetic techniques could be used as a rapid,cost-effective way of examining erosion along sensitive coastline areas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no.32001085,31971392,31960319)。
文摘Genome-scale data,while promising for illuminating phylogenetic relationships,frequently pose a conundrum by yielding conflicting topologies and highly variable gene tree distributions(Pease et al.,2016).This complexity likely arises from the reticulate evolution observed in many taxa,where genetic information exchange occurs through diverse biological processes.
基金supported by funding from the 111 Project B07011 of Ministry of Education of China,the China Scholarship Council(CSC) to SWZ (NCIS No.2007103928)an NSERC grant to MTC. D.Chevalier is thanked for her help in sampling. Laboratory assistance was provided bv K.Kawasaki and S.Joshi
文摘This study examined spatial variations in the concentration,grain size and heavy mineral assemblages on Cedar Beach（Lake Erie,Canada）.Magnetic studies of heavy mineral-enriched,dark-reddish sands present on the beach showed that magnetite（～150μm） is the dominant magnetic mineral.Surficial magnetic susceptibility values defined three zones：a lakeward region close to the water line（Zone 1）,the upper swash zone（Zone 2） and the region landwards of the upper swash zone （Zone 3）.Zone 2 showed the highest bulk and mass susceptibility（κ,χ） and the highest mass percentage of smaller grain-size（250μm） fractions in the bulk sand sample.Susceptibility（i.e.κandχ） values decreased and grain size coarsened from Zone 2 lakewards（into Zone 1） and landwards （into Zone 3）,and correlated with the distribution of the heavy mineral assemblage,most probably reflecting preferential separation of large,less dense particles by waves and currents both along and across the beach.The eroded western section of Cedar Beach showed much higher concentrations of heavy minerals including magnetite,and finer sand grain sizes than the accreting eastern section, suggesting that magnetic techniques could be used as a rapid,cost-effective way of examining erosion along sensitive coastline areas.
