The use of solar energy is highly welcomed due to its availability everywhere.Among the types of solar energy technologies,the use of this type of energy to produce heat from different aspects is much more common,so i...The use of solar energy is highly welcomed due to its availability everywhere.Among the types of solar energy technologies,the use of this type of energy to produce heat from different aspects is much more common,so in this research we have tried to examine different aspects of producing thermal energy from solar energy to supply the heat required by the pool.For this purpose,numerical modelling of the solar pool has been done by considering the heat-transfer characteristics and validation has been done to ensure the obtained results.In this paper,according to the physical realities facing solar systems in two scenarios,an analysis with shadow and without shadow has been done.One of the important results is that as the surface of the pool increases,the amount of heat absorption by the pool fluid will increase,but the effect of the shadow will decrease.展开更多
Today’s more focus and efforts are being put by all the energy leaders towards power generation using renewable energy resources.Fortunately,these resources are becoming affordable to facilitate a swift shift towards...Today’s more focus and efforts are being put by all the energy leaders towards power generation using renewable energy resources.Fortunately,these resources are becoming affordable to facilitate a swift shift towards green and clean energy.Possible strategic assets are an add-on for all the developing nations in terms of economy.The technological advancement and power market revolution resulting in an adequate reduction of renewable energy cost and affordability.This paper mainly focusing on Covid-19 impacts in the African energy sector.Also,analyzing recent developments in African renewable energy generation that holds the immense capacity for im-provisation.This paper highlighting the recommendations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for the African renewable energy sector.This paper is a result of rigorous analysis based on major issues governing sustainable solutions for Africa.This review paper comes up with effective conclusions to address the challenges in the cur-rent pandemic situation.In Africa abundance of resources is found with huge potential for the generation of power.But still,Africa undergoing a phase of serious crises because they are not able to tap its huge capital of renewable energies.There is a subsequent need for power grid restructuring,energy storage technologies,and parallel mitigation of environmental factors with seasonal variations.Proposed review analysis bringing a better opportunity for all issues towards sustainable solutions,that will ease the renewable energy status in Africa.It is observed that there is an inevitable need to focus on having strong government policy frameworks and proper regulations.The various recommendations are required to swing towards renewable energy development.Com-bined efforts are required in luring foreign investments and to address feasible issues like setting-up targets.This paper demonstrated a smart energy system using a proposed machine learning-based framework for enhancing the PV forecasting and up-gradation in available technologies.展开更多
Forced by transient solar activities since 7 ka,the thermal structures of the Pacific upper water at boreal winter are featured by an enhanced response of 3-dimensional Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP) in an Earth syst...Forced by transient solar activities since 7 ka,the thermal structures of the Pacific upper water at boreal winter are featured by an enhanced response of 3-dimensional Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP) in an Earth system model of Intermediate Complexity at centennial scales.During solar maximum periods,the magnitude of surface ocean temperature variations is 30% larger in the western tropical Pacific than in the Ni o3 region,while at subsurface,it is 40% larger in the subtropical North Pacific than in the western Equatorial Pacific.They compromise stronger zonal and meridional thermal gradients in surface and subsurface Pacific respectively which are both linearly responded to solar forcing at centennial periods.The surface gradient is most sensitive at 208-year period while the subsurface gradient shows more significance at periods longer than 208-year.Also noteworthy are two differences:(1) the phase lags at these periods of surface gradient are slightly smaller than that of subsurface;(2) the 148-year and 102-year periods in surface gradient are lost in subsurface gradient.These modeled features preliminary confirm the centennial fluctuations of WPWP in paleo-proxies and a potential solar forcing during the Holocene.展开更多
文摘The use of solar energy is highly welcomed due to its availability everywhere.Among the types of solar energy technologies,the use of this type of energy to produce heat from different aspects is much more common,so in this research we have tried to examine different aspects of producing thermal energy from solar energy to supply the heat required by the pool.For this purpose,numerical modelling of the solar pool has been done by considering the heat-transfer characteristics and validation has been done to ensure the obtained results.In this paper,according to the physical realities facing solar systems in two scenarios,an analysis with shadow and without shadow has been done.One of the important results is that as the surface of the pool increases,the amount of heat absorption by the pool fluid will increase,but the effect of the shadow will decrease.
基金The authors are thankful to the International Renewable Energy Agency(IRENA),journal editor,and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions which greatly improved the manuscript.
文摘Today’s more focus and efforts are being put by all the energy leaders towards power generation using renewable energy resources.Fortunately,these resources are becoming affordable to facilitate a swift shift towards green and clean energy.Possible strategic assets are an add-on for all the developing nations in terms of economy.The technological advancement and power market revolution resulting in an adequate reduction of renewable energy cost and affordability.This paper mainly focusing on Covid-19 impacts in the African energy sector.Also,analyzing recent developments in African renewable energy generation that holds the immense capacity for im-provisation.This paper highlighting the recommendations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for the African renewable energy sector.This paper is a result of rigorous analysis based on major issues governing sustainable solutions for Africa.This review paper comes up with effective conclusions to address the challenges in the cur-rent pandemic situation.In Africa abundance of resources is found with huge potential for the generation of power.But still,Africa undergoing a phase of serious crises because they are not able to tap its huge capital of renewable energies.There is a subsequent need for power grid restructuring,energy storage technologies,and parallel mitigation of environmental factors with seasonal variations.Proposed review analysis bringing a better opportunity for all issues towards sustainable solutions,that will ease the renewable energy status in Africa.It is observed that there is an inevitable need to focus on having strong government policy frameworks and proper regulations.The various recommendations are required to swing towards renewable energy development.Com-bined efforts are required in luring foreign investments and to address feasible issues like setting-up targets.This paper demonstrated a smart energy system using a proposed machine learning-based framework for enhancing the PV forecasting and up-gradation in available technologies.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB815901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41023004 and 91028004)
文摘Forced by transient solar activities since 7 ka,the thermal structures of the Pacific upper water at boreal winter are featured by an enhanced response of 3-dimensional Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP) in an Earth system model of Intermediate Complexity at centennial scales.During solar maximum periods,the magnitude of surface ocean temperature variations is 30% larger in the western tropical Pacific than in the Ni o3 region,while at subsurface,it is 40% larger in the subtropical North Pacific than in the western Equatorial Pacific.They compromise stronger zonal and meridional thermal gradients in surface and subsurface Pacific respectively which are both linearly responded to solar forcing at centennial periods.The surface gradient is most sensitive at 208-year period while the subsurface gradient shows more significance at periods longer than 208-year.Also noteworthy are two differences:(1) the phase lags at these periods of surface gradient are slightly smaller than that of subsurface;(2) the 148-year and 102-year periods in surface gradient are lost in subsurface gradient.These modeled features preliminary confirm the centennial fluctuations of WPWP in paleo-proxies and a potential solar forcing during the Holocene.
