In May to August of 2011, we assessed the effects of extreme rainfall （quantity and intensity） events on the carbon release from soils covered by different types of biological soil crusts （BSCs） in fixed sand dune...In May to August of 2011, we assessed the effects of extreme rainfall （quantity and intensity） events on the carbon release from soils covered by different types of biological soil crusts （BSCs） in fixed sand dunes in the Tengger Desert, northern China. A Li-6400-09 Soil Chamber was used to measure the respiration rates of the BSCs immediately after the rainfall stopped, and continued until the respiration rates of the BSCs returned to the pre-rainfall basal rate. Our results showed that almost immediately after extreme rainfall events the respiration rates of algae crust and mixed crust were significantly inhibited, but moss crust was not significantly affected. The respiration rates of algae crust, mixed crust, and moss crust in extreme rainfall quantity and intensity events were, respectively, 0.12 and 0.41 μmolCO2/（m2.s）, 0.10 and 0.45 gmolCO2/（m2·s）, 0.83 and 1.69 gmolCO2/（m2.s）. Our study indicated that moss crust in the advanced succession stage can well adaot to extreme rainfall events in the short term.展开更多
CO_(2) released by soil serves as an important link between terrestrial ecosystems and atmospheric CO_(2), whose small chang‐es may significantly affect the global carbon cycle. In order to reveal the spatio-temporal...CO_(2) released by soil serves as an important link between terrestrial ecosystems and atmospheric CO_(2), whose small chang‐es may significantly affect the global carbon cycle. In order to reveal the spatio-temporal variations of CO_(2) concentrations in deep loess, this paper takes Qingliangsi Gully watershed in northwestern Shanxi Province, China as an example to sys‐tematically study soil CO_(2)concentration and its spatio-temporal variations and carbon sink significance under different watershed locations and different land use types. Results show that: (1) The release potential of the loess soil is larger in the depth range of 2 m, which is much more likely to be the CO_(2) release area. (2) Grassland and forest are more advanta‐geous in terms of soil microbial activity and soil carbon reserve compared with farmland. In addition, the change of land use type from farmland to grassland can increase soil organic carbon reserve, which is of far-reaching significance to the global carbon cycle. This is especially true in an area like the Loess Plateau with densely covered hills, gullies, and serious soil erosion in an area of 64×104 km2. (3) In the study area, the diurnal concentration of soil CO_(2) at different depths shows a weak "high-low-high-low" trend from 08:00 to 07:00 next day;and in deep soil it has a lag time compared with the daily change of temperature, generally about 4−12 h, which may be caused largely by the more compact loess structure. It is worth pointing out that the Loess Plateau in China, with a thickness of the loess of tens to hundreds of meters, has the most abundant soil resources in the world, and also stores a large amount of terrestrial soil carbon, which carries the hope of promoting the research of global carbon cycle.展开更多
近年来,生物炭应用于土壤后其碳汇能力已成为国内外的研究热点,但是目前研究结果显示其碳汇功能仍然存在争议,生物炭与土壤本体有机碳之间的作用关系还有待探明.研究以水稻土(C3土壤)为供试土壤,向其中添加以水洗(CS)和未水洗(CN)方式...近年来,生物炭应用于土壤后其碳汇能力已成为国内外的研究热点,但是目前研究结果显示其碳汇功能仍然存在争议,生物炭与土壤本体有机碳之间的作用关系还有待探明.研究以水稻土(C3土壤)为供试土壤,向其中添加以水洗(CS)和未水洗(CN)方式处理的玉米(C4作物)秸秆生物炭,生物炭分别按1%和3%(CS1%、CS3%和CN1%、CN3%)的质量比与C3土壤均匀混合,以不添加生物炭(CK)为对照处理,每个处理重复3次,开展室内培养实验,探讨生物炭添加对土壤有机碳矿化的影响.结果表明:1在180 d的培养期内,CS1%、CS3%、CN1%这3种处理的土壤CO2累计释放量分别为1 865.7、1 864.4和1 856.2 m L·kg-1,均高于对照土壤CK的1 779.0 m L·kg-1,但未形成显著差异.处理CN3%的CO2累计释放量最大,为2 289.1m L·kg-1,明显高于其他处理及对照土壤.说明较高添加量下,水洗生物炭CS处理减排效果明显;2同位素分析结果显示,CK处理土壤的本体有机碳的CO2累计释放量最高,达到1 534.2 m L·kg-1,CS3%与CN3%处理土壤本体有机碳的CO2累计释放量分别为1 000.4 m L·kg-1和1 153.7 m L·kg-1,均明显低于对照处理,说明2种生物炭的添加均能抑制土壤本体有机碳的矿化.激发效应的结果也验证了这一点,CS3%处理土壤的激发效应PE值为-34.8%,处理CN3%的PE值为-24.8%,CS生物炭的负激发效应更显著.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-EW-301-3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41271061,41101081and40971033)
文摘In May to August of 2011, we assessed the effects of extreme rainfall （quantity and intensity） events on the carbon release from soils covered by different types of biological soil crusts （BSCs） in fixed sand dunes in the Tengger Desert, northern China. A Li-6400-09 Soil Chamber was used to measure the respiration rates of the BSCs immediately after the rainfall stopped, and continued until the respiration rates of the BSCs returned to the pre-rainfall basal rate. Our results showed that almost immediately after extreme rainfall events the respiration rates of algae crust and mixed crust were significantly inhibited, but moss crust was not significantly affected. The respiration rates of algae crust, mixed crust, and moss crust in extreme rainfall quantity and intensity events were, respectively, 0.12 and 0.41 μmolCO2/（m2.s）, 0.10 and 0.45 gmolCO2/（m2·s）, 0.83 and 1.69 gmolCO2/（m2.s）. Our study indicated that moss crust in the advanced succession stage can well adaot to extreme rainfall events in the short term.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, Grant No. 41671213the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No. GK201803055Shaanxi prov‐ince Postdoctoral Science Foundation No. 2016 BSHEDZZ27.
文摘CO_(2) released by soil serves as an important link between terrestrial ecosystems and atmospheric CO_(2), whose small chang‐es may significantly affect the global carbon cycle. In order to reveal the spatio-temporal variations of CO_(2) concentrations in deep loess, this paper takes Qingliangsi Gully watershed in northwestern Shanxi Province, China as an example to sys‐tematically study soil CO_(2)concentration and its spatio-temporal variations and carbon sink significance under different watershed locations and different land use types. Results show that: (1) The release potential of the loess soil is larger in the depth range of 2 m, which is much more likely to be the CO_(2) release area. (2) Grassland and forest are more advanta‐geous in terms of soil microbial activity and soil carbon reserve compared with farmland. In addition, the change of land use type from farmland to grassland can increase soil organic carbon reserve, which is of far-reaching significance to the global carbon cycle. This is especially true in an area like the Loess Plateau with densely covered hills, gullies, and serious soil erosion in an area of 64×104 km2. (3) In the study area, the diurnal concentration of soil CO_(2) at different depths shows a weak "high-low-high-low" trend from 08:00 to 07:00 next day;and in deep soil it has a lag time compared with the daily change of temperature, generally about 4−12 h, which may be caused largely by the more compact loess structure. It is worth pointing out that the Loess Plateau in China, with a thickness of the loess of tens to hundreds of meters, has the most abundant soil resources in the world, and also stores a large amount of terrestrial soil carbon, which carries the hope of promoting the research of global carbon cycle.
文摘近年来,生物炭应用于土壤后其碳汇能力已成为国内外的研究热点,但是目前研究结果显示其碳汇功能仍然存在争议,生物炭与土壤本体有机碳之间的作用关系还有待探明.研究以水稻土(C3土壤)为供试土壤,向其中添加以水洗(CS)和未水洗(CN)方式处理的玉米(C4作物)秸秆生物炭,生物炭分别按1%和3%(CS1%、CS3%和CN1%、CN3%)的质量比与C3土壤均匀混合,以不添加生物炭(CK)为对照处理,每个处理重复3次,开展室内培养实验,探讨生物炭添加对土壤有机碳矿化的影响.结果表明:1在180 d的培养期内,CS1%、CS3%、CN1%这3种处理的土壤CO2累计释放量分别为1 865.7、1 864.4和1 856.2 m L·kg-1,均高于对照土壤CK的1 779.0 m L·kg-1,但未形成显著差异.处理CN3%的CO2累计释放量最大,为2 289.1m L·kg-1,明显高于其他处理及对照土壤.说明较高添加量下,水洗生物炭CS处理减排效果明显;2同位素分析结果显示,CK处理土壤的本体有机碳的CO2累计释放量最高,达到1 534.2 m L·kg-1,CS3%与CN3%处理土壤本体有机碳的CO2累计释放量分别为1 000.4 m L·kg-1和1 153.7 m L·kg-1,均明显低于对照处理,说明2种生物炭的添加均能抑制土壤本体有机碳的矿化.激发效应的结果也验证了这一点,CS3%处理土壤的激发效应PE值为-34.8%,处理CN3%的PE值为-24.8%,CS生物炭的负激发效应更显著.
