Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, and its incidence seems to have gradually increased every year. During the treatment of breast cancer, patients suffer psychological morbidity, and ...Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, and its incidence seems to have gradually increased every year. During the treatment of breast cancer, patients suffer psychological morbidity, and hope is one important factor in maintaining psychological health. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the level of hope in Chinese women with breast cancer during chemotherapy and confirmed the relationships among hope, coping style, and social support.Methods One hundred and fifty-nine inpatients with breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy in two affiliated hospitals of Harbin Medical University were recruited and investigated. Each patient completed the Herth Hope Index （HHI）, Jalowiec Coping Scale （JCS）, and the social support scale made by XIAO Shui-yuan, and provided general demographic data.Results The mean hope level of the 159 patients with breast cancer was 38.62±4.56. There was a statistical difference between the hope level and monthly income. Analysis of results from the Pearson test showed no relationship between the hope level and coping style; however, there were positive relationships between hope and optimism, hope and self-reliance, and hope and palliative coping styles. In contrast, negative relationships were found between hope and the fatalistic and emotional coping styles. The total score of hope and social support had significantly positive relationship for the three scales.Conclusions Patients with breast cancer achieved high levels of hope, with the level of hope being proportional to increase in the income. During chemotherapy, patients with breast cancer had adopted many coping styles.展开更多
Based on a new institutional economy framework,this study examines the formation and economic consequences of social networks(guanxi)from the perspective of key suppliers and customers in China.Results show that comme...Based on a new institutional economy framework,this study examines the formation and economic consequences of social networks(guanxi)from the perspective of key suppliers and customers in China.Results show that commercial activities which depend on networks are determined by the institutional environment.For example,companies that have lower accumulated social capital(less trust among people)and are subject to more government invention depend more on social network transactions than on the market.In addition,this study shows that network transactions can provide benefits to firms,especially in weak institutional environments.Networks can reduce transaction costs by reducing information asymmetry,i.e.,increased network dependence is associated with lower credit costs and lower advertising and sales costs.Networks can also reduce the effect of industry shocks,especially negative shocks,by creating a bonding mechanism.This study contributes to our understanding of social networks in emerging markets by providing evidence on network transactions with key suppliers and customers and their influence on firms'accounting behavior.展开更多
Rural restructuring is a process of reshaping socio-economic morphology and spatial pattern in rural territory in response to the changes of elements both in kernel system and external system of rural development, by ...Rural restructuring is a process of reshaping socio-economic morphology and spatial pattern in rural territory in response to the changes of elements both in kernel system and external system of rural development, by optimally allocating and efficiently managing the material and non-material elements in the two systems. It aims at ultimately optimizing the structure and promoting the function within rural territorial system as well as realizing the coordination of structure and complementation of function between urban and rural territorial system. This paper establishes a theoretical framework of rural restructuring through elabo- rating the concept and connotations as well as analyzing the mechanism pushing forward rural restructuring based on the evolution of ＂elements-structure-function＂, and probes the approaches from the three aspects of spatial restructuring, economic restructuring and social restructuring. Besides, the authors argue that the study of rural restructuring in China in the future needs to focus on the aspects of long-term and multi-scale process and pattern, mechanism, regional models, rural planning technology system and standard, policy and institutional innovations concerning rural restructuring as well as the impacts of globalization on rural restructuring, in order to serve the current national strategic demands and cope with the changes of rural development elements in the process of urban-rural development transformation.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a balanced multi-label propagation algorithm （BMLPA） for overlapping community detection in social networks. As well as its fast speed, another important advantage of our method is good sta...In this paper, we propose a balanced multi-label propagation algorithm （BMLPA） for overlapping community detection in social networks. As well as its fast speed, another important advantage of our method is good stability, which other multi-label propagation algorithms, such as COPRA, lack. In BMLPA, we propose a new update strategy, which requires that community identifiers of one vertex should have balanced belonging coefficients. The advantage of this strategy is that it allows vertices to belong to any number of communities without a global limit on the largest number of community memberships, which is needed for COPRA. Also, we propose a fast method to generate ＂rough cores＂, which can be used to initialize labels for multi-label propagation algorithms, and are able to improve the quality and stability of results. Experimental results on synthetic and real social networks show that BMLPA is very efficient and effective for uncovering overlapping communities.展开更多
Background： Nowadays, social media tools such as short message service, Twitter, video, and web-based systems are more and more used in clinical follow-up, making clinical follow-up much more time- and cost-effective...Background： Nowadays, social media tools such as short message service, Twitter, video, and web-based systems are more and more used in clinical follow-up, making clinical follow-up much more time- and cost-effective than ever before. However, as the most popular social media in China, little is known about the utility of smartphone WeChat application in follow-up. In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility and superiority of WeChat application in clinical follow-up. Methods： A total of 108 patients diagnosed with head and neck tumor were randomized to WeChat follow-up （WFU） group or telephone follow-up （TFU） group for 6-month follow-up. The follow-ups were delivered by WeChat or telephone at 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months to the patients after being discharged. The study measurements were time consumption for follow-up delivery, total economic cost, lost-to-follow-up rate, and overall satisfaction for the follow-up method. Results： Time consumption in WFU group for each patient （23.36 ± 6.16 min） was significantly shorter than that in TFU group （42.89 ± 7.15 min） （P 〈 0.001 ）; total economic cost in WFU group （RMB 90 Yuan） was much lower than that in TFU group （RMB 196 Yuan）. Lost-to-follow-up rate in the WFU group was 7.02% （4/57） compared with TFU group, 9.80% （5/51 ）, while no significance was observed （95% confidence interval [CI]： 0.176-2.740; P = 0.732）. The overall satisfaction rate in WFU group was 94.34% （50/53） compared with 80.43% （37/46） in TFU group （95% CI： 0.057-0.067; P = 0.034）. Conclusions： The smartphone WeChat application was found to be a viable option for follow-up in discharged patients with head and neck tumors. WFU was time-effective, cost-effective, and convenient in communication. This doctor-led follow-up model has the potential to establish a good physician-patient relationship by enhancing dynamic communications and providing individual health instructions.展开更多
文摘Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, and its incidence seems to have gradually increased every year. During the treatment of breast cancer, patients suffer psychological morbidity, and hope is one important factor in maintaining psychological health. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the level of hope in Chinese women with breast cancer during chemotherapy and confirmed the relationships among hope, coping style, and social support.Methods One hundred and fifty-nine inpatients with breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy in two affiliated hospitals of Harbin Medical University were recruited and investigated. Each patient completed the Herth Hope Index （HHI）, Jalowiec Coping Scale （JCS）, and the social support scale made by XIAO Shui-yuan, and provided general demographic data.Results The mean hope level of the 159 patients with breast cancer was 38.62±4.56. There was a statistical difference between the hope level and monthly income. Analysis of results from the Pearson test showed no relationship between the hope level and coping style; however, there were positive relationships between hope and optimism, hope and self-reliance, and hope and palliative coping styles. In contrast, negative relationships were found between hope and the fatalistic and emotional coping styles. The total score of hope and social support had significantly positive relationship for the three scales.Conclusions Patients with breast cancer achieved high levels of hope, with the level of hope being proportional to increase in the income. During chemotherapy, patients with breast cancer had adopted many coping styles.
基金funded by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70802035)supported by the MOE Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science in University(No.07JJD63007)
文摘Based on a new institutional economy framework,this study examines the formation and economic consequences of social networks(guanxi)from the perspective of key suppliers and customers in China.Results show that commercial activities which depend on networks are determined by the institutional environment.For example,companies that have lower accumulated social capital(less trust among people)and are subject to more government invention depend more on social network transactions than on the market.In addition,this study shows that network transactions can provide benefits to firms,especially in weak institutional environments.Networks can reduce transaction costs by reducing information asymmetry,i.e.,increased network dependence is associated with lower credit costs and lower advertising and sales costs.Networks can also reduce the effect of industry shocks,especially negative shocks,by creating a bonding mechanism.This study contributes to our understanding of social networks in emerging markets by providing evidence on network transactions with key suppliers and customers and their influence on firms'accounting behavior.
基金The Bagui Scholars Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41571166
文摘Rural restructuring is a process of reshaping socio-economic morphology and spatial pattern in rural territory in response to the changes of elements both in kernel system and external system of rural development, by optimally allocating and efficiently managing the material and non-material elements in the two systems. It aims at ultimately optimizing the structure and promoting the function within rural territorial system as well as realizing the coordination of structure and complementation of function between urban and rural territorial system. This paper establishes a theoretical framework of rural restructuring through elabo- rating the concept and connotations as well as analyzing the mechanism pushing forward rural restructuring based on the evolution of ＂elements-structure-function＂, and probes the approaches from the three aspects of spatial restructuring, economic restructuring and social restructuring. Besides, the authors argue that the study of rural restructuring in China in the future needs to focus on the aspects of long-term and multi-scale process and pattern, mechanism, regional models, rural planning technology system and standard, policy and institutional innovations concerning rural restructuring as well as the impacts of globalization on rural restructuring, in order to serve the current national strategic demands and cope with the changes of rural development elements in the process of urban-rural development transformation.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60905029the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing of China under Grant No. 4112046
文摘In this paper, we propose a balanced multi-label propagation algorithm （BMLPA） for overlapping community detection in social networks. As well as its fast speed, another important advantage of our method is good stability, which other multi-label propagation algorithms, such as COPRA, lack. In BMLPA, we propose a new update strategy, which requires that community identifiers of one vertex should have balanced belonging coefficients. The advantage of this strategy is that it allows vertices to belong to any number of communities without a global limit on the largest number of community memberships, which is needed for COPRA. Also, we propose a fast method to generate ＂rough cores＂, which can be used to initialize labels for multi-label propagation algorithms, and are able to improve the quality and stability of results. Experimental results on synthetic and real social networks show that BMLPA is very efficient and effective for uncovering overlapping communities.
基金This work was partially supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81072224）.
文摘Background： Nowadays, social media tools such as short message service, Twitter, video, and web-based systems are more and more used in clinical follow-up, making clinical follow-up much more time- and cost-effective than ever before. However, as the most popular social media in China, little is known about the utility of smartphone WeChat application in follow-up. In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility and superiority of WeChat application in clinical follow-up. Methods： A total of 108 patients diagnosed with head and neck tumor were randomized to WeChat follow-up （WFU） group or telephone follow-up （TFU） group for 6-month follow-up. The follow-ups were delivered by WeChat or telephone at 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months to the patients after being discharged. The study measurements were time consumption for follow-up delivery, total economic cost, lost-to-follow-up rate, and overall satisfaction for the follow-up method. Results： Time consumption in WFU group for each patient （23.36 ± 6.16 min） was significantly shorter than that in TFU group （42.89 ± 7.15 min） （P 〈 0.001 ）; total economic cost in WFU group （RMB 90 Yuan） was much lower than that in TFU group （RMB 196 Yuan）. Lost-to-follow-up rate in the WFU group was 7.02% （4/57） compared with TFU group, 9.80% （5/51 ）, while no significance was observed （95% confidence interval [CI]： 0.176-2.740; P = 0.732）. The overall satisfaction rate in WFU group was 94.34% （50/53） compared with 80.43% （37/46） in TFU group （95% CI： 0.057-0.067; P = 0.034）. Conclusions： The smartphone WeChat application was found to be a viable option for follow-up in discharged patients with head and neck tumors. WFU was time-effective, cost-effective, and convenient in communication. This doctor-led follow-up model has the potential to establish a good physician-patient relationship by enhancing dynamic communications and providing individual health instructions.
