叶片早衰直接影响作物的产量与品质,因此,研究叶片早衰的分子与生理机制对于作物遗传改良具有重要的意义。本研究利用60Co-γ辐射诱变水稻品种93-11获得突变体osled,其从分蘖期叶片就开始早衰,最先表现为叶尖和叶边缘变褐,并伴有红褐色...叶片早衰直接影响作物的产量与品质,因此,研究叶片早衰的分子与生理机制对于作物遗传改良具有重要的意义。本研究利用60Co-γ辐射诱变水稻品种93-11获得突变体osled,其从分蘖期叶片就开始早衰,最先表现为叶尖和叶边缘变褐,并伴有红褐色斑点。在苗期经模拟干旱胁迫处理后,突变体不仅早衰,而且植株变矮以及根系变短。生理分析表明,野生型剑叶、倒二叶和倒三叶的丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及过氧化物酶(POD)活性基本不变,但突变体则显著升高且倒二叶和倒三叶极显著高于野生型;突变体和野生型三片叶的可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及叶绿素总含量均表现下降,但突变体倒二叶和倒三叶的含量或活性均显著低于野生型。叶片经台盼蓝、二氨基联苯胺(DAB)及四唑硝基蓝(NBT)等细胞组织化学染色及透射电镜分析表明,osled叶片细胞膜系统已破坏,H2O2和O2-积累,叶绿体已开始解体。遗传分析表明,osled受1对隐性基因控制,借助图位克隆技术将该基因定位于第3染色体长臂的RM15528与RM15553两个标记之间,遗传距离均为0.7 c M,该结果为进一步克隆Os LED基因并研究其功能奠定了基础。展开更多
The alleviative effects of exogenous salicylic acid （SA） on plants against drought stress were assessed in Gardenia jasminoides seedlings treated with different concentrations of SA. Drought stress was simulated to ...The alleviative effects of exogenous salicylic acid （SA） on plants against drought stress were assessed in Gardenia jasminoides seedlings treated with different concentrations of SA. Drought stress was simulated to a moderate level by 15% polyethylene glycol （PEG） 6000 treatment. Seedlings exposed to 15% PEG for 14 days exhibited a decrease in aboveground and underground dry mass, seedling height, root length, relative water content, photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, and water use efficiency. In PEG-stressed plants, the levels ofproline, malondialdehyde （MDA）, hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, and electrolyte leakage rose significantly, whereas antioxidative activity, including superoxide, peroxidase, and catalase activities, declined in leaves. However, the presence of SA provided an effective method of mitigating PEG-caused physiological stresses on G. jasminoides seedlings, which depended on SA levels. PEG-treated plants exposed to SA at 0.5-1.0 mmol/L significantly eased PEG-induced growth inhibition. Application of SA, especially at concentrations of 0.5-1.0 mmol/L, considerably improved photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, antioxidative activity, relative water content, and proline accumulation, and decreased MDA content, H202 content, and electrolyte leakage. By contrast, the positive effects were not evident, or even more severe, in PEG＋SA4 treatment. Based on these physiological and biochemical data, a suitable concentration of SA, potential growth regulators, could be applied to enhance the drought tolerance of G. jasminoides.展开更多
为明确干旱胁迫对稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang生态适应性的影响,采用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)6000模拟干旱生境,研究了干旱胁迫对稻虱缨小蜂生长发育、繁殖的影响,并观察了稻虱缨小蜂对感虫品种TN...为明确干旱胁迫对稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang生态适应性的影响,采用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)6000模拟干旱生境,研究了干旱胁迫对稻虱缨小蜂生长发育、繁殖的影响,并观察了稻虱缨小蜂对感虫品种TN1和抗虫品种IR36水稻上褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stl卵的选择情况。结果表明,稻虱缨小蜂幼虫的发育历期随PEG6000浓度的升高而延长;成虫寿命则随着PEG6000浓度的升高而缩短,经20%PEG6000处理7 d后雌蜂寿命最短,在TN1和IR36水稻上分别为25.1 h和25.4 h;经20%PEG6000胁迫处理7 d后,在TN1、IR36水稻上稻虱缨小蜂的平均卵寄生量最低,分别为10.9粒和8.1粒。与20%PEG6000处理相比,稻虱缨小蜂对未经干旱胁迫处理水稻上的褐飞虱卵具有明显的选择性。研究表明,模拟干旱胁迫能降低稻虱缨小蜂生态适应性,且降低对褐飞虱卵的寄生力和选择性。展开更多
文摘叶片早衰直接影响作物的产量与品质,因此,研究叶片早衰的分子与生理机制对于作物遗传改良具有重要的意义。本研究利用60Co-γ辐射诱变水稻品种93-11获得突变体osled,其从分蘖期叶片就开始早衰,最先表现为叶尖和叶边缘变褐,并伴有红褐色斑点。在苗期经模拟干旱胁迫处理后,突变体不仅早衰,而且植株变矮以及根系变短。生理分析表明,野生型剑叶、倒二叶和倒三叶的丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及过氧化物酶(POD)活性基本不变,但突变体则显著升高且倒二叶和倒三叶极显著高于野生型;突变体和野生型三片叶的可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及叶绿素总含量均表现下降,但突变体倒二叶和倒三叶的含量或活性均显著低于野生型。叶片经台盼蓝、二氨基联苯胺(DAB)及四唑硝基蓝(NBT)等细胞组织化学染色及透射电镜分析表明,osled叶片细胞膜系统已破坏,H2O2和O2-积累,叶绿体已开始解体。遗传分析表明,osled受1对隐性基因控制,借助图位克隆技术将该基因定位于第3染色体长臂的RM15528与RM15553两个标记之间,遗传距离均为0.7 c M,该结果为进一步克隆Os LED基因并研究其功能奠定了基础。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300555)Special Foundation of Anti-aging Chinese Herbal Research Institution of Anhui Province (2013KSLZX02)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (KJ2013A207 and 2015KJ004)
文摘The alleviative effects of exogenous salicylic acid （SA） on plants against drought stress were assessed in Gardenia jasminoides seedlings treated with different concentrations of SA. Drought stress was simulated to a moderate level by 15% polyethylene glycol （PEG） 6000 treatment. Seedlings exposed to 15% PEG for 14 days exhibited a decrease in aboveground and underground dry mass, seedling height, root length, relative water content, photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, and water use efficiency. In PEG-stressed plants, the levels ofproline, malondialdehyde （MDA）, hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, and electrolyte leakage rose significantly, whereas antioxidative activity, including superoxide, peroxidase, and catalase activities, declined in leaves. However, the presence of SA provided an effective method of mitigating PEG-caused physiological stresses on G. jasminoides seedlings, which depended on SA levels. PEG-treated plants exposed to SA at 0.5-1.0 mmol/L significantly eased PEG-induced growth inhibition. Application of SA, especially at concentrations of 0.5-1.0 mmol/L, considerably improved photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, antioxidative activity, relative water content, and proline accumulation, and decreased MDA content, H202 content, and electrolyte leakage. By contrast, the positive effects were not evident, or even more severe, in PEG＋SA4 treatment. Based on these physiological and biochemical data, a suitable concentration of SA, potential growth regulators, could be applied to enhance the drought tolerance of G. jasminoides.
