体部立体定向放疗（stereotactic body radiation therapy,SBRT）是指应用单次或少数多次给予靶区高剂量照射的治疗方式.和常规放疗相比,具有分割剂量大、精度高等特点.其在肺部肿瘤中的应用可归纳为以下3点：①对于因高龄或合并严重心...体部立体定向放疗（stereotactic body radiation therapy,SBRT）是指应用单次或少数多次给予靶区高剂量照射的治疗方式.和常规放疗相比,具有分割剂量大、精度高等特点.其在肺部肿瘤中的应用可归纳为以下3点：①对于因高龄或合并严重心肺等内科疾病不能手术或不愿接受手术的早期（T1-2N0M0）非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）,SBRT已确立标准治疗的地位.②对于可手术的早期NSCLC,SBRT初步应用的结果并不逊于手术.③对于肺内孤立转移灶（1-3个）,在全身治疗的基础上给与SBRT已逐步被接受.本文对此作一综述.展开更多
Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a common and often severe side effect experienced by colorectal cancer(CRC)patients during their treatment.As chemotherapy regimens evolve to include more efficacious agents,CID is...Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a common and often severe side effect experienced by colorectal cancer(CRC)patients during their treatment.As chemotherapy regimens evolve to include more efficacious agents,CID is increasingly becoming a major cause of dose limiting toxicity and merits further investigation.Inflammation is a key factor behind gastrointestinal(GI)toxicity of chemotherapy.Different chemotherapeutic agents activate a diverse range of pro-inflammatory pathways culminating in distinct histopathological changes in the small intestine and colonic mucosa.Here we review the current understanding of the mechanisms behind GI toxicity and the mucositis associated with systemic treatment of CRC.Insights into the inflammatory response activated during this process gained from various models of GI toxicity are discussed.The inflammatory processes contributing to the GI toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents are increasingly being recognised as having an important role in the development of anti-tumor immunity,thus conferring added benefit against tumor recurrence and improving patient survival.We review the basic mechanisms involved in the promotion of immunogenic cell death and its relevance in the treatment of colorectal cancer.Finally,the impact of CID on patient outcomes and therapeutic strategies to prevent or minimise the effect of GI toxicity and mucositis are discussed.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu X...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
基金Supported by A Newman Fellowship awarded by the University College Dublin Foundation and sponsored by Helsinn-Birex Pharmaceuticals
文摘Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a common and often severe side effect experienced by colorectal cancer(CRC)patients during their treatment.As chemotherapy regimens evolve to include more efficacious agents,CID is increasingly becoming a major cause of dose limiting toxicity and merits further investigation.Inflammation is a key factor behind gastrointestinal(GI)toxicity of chemotherapy.Different chemotherapeutic agents activate a diverse range of pro-inflammatory pathways culminating in distinct histopathological changes in the small intestine and colonic mucosa.Here we review the current understanding of the mechanisms behind GI toxicity and the mucositis associated with systemic treatment of CRC.Insights into the inflammatory response activated during this process gained from various models of GI toxicity are discussed.The inflammatory processes contributing to the GI toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents are increasingly being recognised as having an important role in the development of anti-tumor immunity,thus conferring added benefit against tumor recurrence and improving patient survival.We review the basic mechanisms involved in the promotion of immunogenic cell death and its relevance in the treatment of colorectal cancer.Finally,the impact of CID on patient outcomes and therapeutic strategies to prevent or minimise the effect of GI toxicity and mucositis are discussed.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
