AIM: To investigate the frequency and severity of depression and/or anxiety in isotretinoin(ITT)-treated subjects and in a non-ITT control group. METHODS: Sixty consecutively-admitted non-psychiatric outpatients with ...AIM: To investigate the frequency and severity of depression and/or anxiety in isotretinoin(ITT)-treated subjects and in a non-ITT control group. METHODS: Sixty consecutively-admitted non-psychiatric outpatients with acne were assigned to either ITT at a fixed dose of 30 mg/d(n = 36) or "other treatment" group(OT; n = 24). The Zung depression or anxiety scales(with cut-off points), two locally developed scales for depression(Ge Depr) and anxiety(Ansilet)(without cut-off points) and clinical global impression scales of acne severity were administered at baseline and at weeks 6 and 12 of treatment. Data was analyzed with the chi-squared test and covariance analysis. RESULTS: Gender distribution, age, marital status and education level did not differ between both treatment groups. The frequency of depression, as defined by the Zung scale cut-off points was similar in the ITT and in the non-ITT groups: Weeks 6 and 12: 8.3% in both groups, P = 0.9. The frequency of anxiety was similar in the groups as well: Week 6: ITT = 8.3%; OT = 0.0%, P > 0.05; week 12: ITT = 11.1%, OT = 4.2%, P > 0.05. The scores in both scales' sets did not differ between the treatment groups at any evaluation time point(P> 0.05). Five ITT-treated subjects(13.8%) and two from the OT-treated group(8.3%) developed clinically significant anxiety and/or depression during treatment(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the safety of ITT regarding psychological side effects in regular dermatological patients. Susceptible subjects may exist but their identification requires additional strategies.展开更多
Synaptotagmin 7(Syt7), a presynaptic calcium sensor, has a significant role in the facilitation in shortterm synaptic plasticity: Syt7 knock out mice show a significant reduction in the facilitation. The functional im...Synaptotagmin 7(Syt7), a presynaptic calcium sensor, has a significant role in the facilitation in shortterm synaptic plasticity: Syt7 knock out mice show a significant reduction in the facilitation. The functional importance of short-term synaptic plasticity such as facilitation is not well understood. In this study, we attempt to investigate the potential functional relationship between the short-term synaptic plasticity and postsynaptic response by developing a mathematical model that captures the responses of both wild-type and Syt7 knock-out mice. We then studied the model behaviours of wild-type and Syt7 knock-out mice in response to multiple input action potentials. These behaviors could establish functional importance of short-term plasticity in regulating the postsynaptic response and related synaptic properties. In agreement with previous modeling studies, we show that release sites are governed by non-uniform release probabilities of neurotransmitters. The structure of non-uniform release of neurotransmitters makes shortterm synaptic plasticity to act as a high-pass filter. We also propose that Syt7 may be a modulator for the long-term changes of postsynaptic response that helps to train the target frequency of the filter. We have developed a mathematical model of short-term plasticity which explains the experimental data.展开更多
In clinical trials, drug effect is measured by a difference between subjects who are treated by experimental drug against placebo-treated subjects. In case of binary data, with observing YES/NO on each subject in cert...In clinical trials, drug effect is measured by a difference between subjects who are treated by experimental drug against placebo-treated subjects. In case of binary data, with observing YES/NO on each subject in certain period of time, it is the proportion of subjects who respond in treatment group minus the proportion of responders in placebo group (for example, 50% vs. 30%). However, a greater difference was proposed by Rihmer et al. (2011) [1] with their supporting arguments, in that antidepressant response and placebo response had different mechanisms and there were equal chances for antidepressant responder to be responding to placebo and not responding to placebo at all. Therefore, the authors proposed 50% - 30% * 50% when the response rate in the treatment group and the placebo group are 50% and 30% respectively, resulting in higher drug-placebo difference than traditional understanding of 50% - 30%. In this article, we tried to explain why the authors misunderstood the drug-placebo concept for evaluating drug superiority, their misunderstanding of assumptions of traditional calculation, as well as their wrong reasoning on their proposed approach. All in all, we conclude the traditional approach of 50% - 30% is the right way of evaluating drug-placebo difference and the possible methods to control impact of placebo effect are briefly discussed at the end of this article.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate the frequency and severity of depression and/or anxiety in isotretinoin(ITT)-treated subjects and in a non-ITT control group. METHODS: Sixty consecutively-admitted non-psychiatric outpatients with acne were assigned to either ITT at a fixed dose of 30 mg/d(n = 36) or "other treatment" group(OT; n = 24). The Zung depression or anxiety scales(with cut-off points), two locally developed scales for depression(Ge Depr) and anxiety(Ansilet)(without cut-off points) and clinical global impression scales of acne severity were administered at baseline and at weeks 6 and 12 of treatment. Data was analyzed with the chi-squared test and covariance analysis. RESULTS: Gender distribution, age, marital status and education level did not differ between both treatment groups. The frequency of depression, as defined by the Zung scale cut-off points was similar in the ITT and in the non-ITT groups: Weeks 6 and 12: 8.3% in both groups, P = 0.9. The frequency of anxiety was similar in the groups as well: Week 6: ITT = 8.3%; OT = 0.0%, P > 0.05; week 12: ITT = 11.1%, OT = 4.2%, P > 0.05. The scores in both scales' sets did not differ between the treatment groups at any evaluation time point(P> 0.05). Five ITT-treated subjects(13.8%) and two from the OT-treated group(8.3%) developed clinically significant anxiety and/or depression during treatment(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the safety of ITT regarding psychological side effects in regular dermatological patients. Susceptible subjects may exist but their identification requires additional strategies.
基金supported by a grant from Lincoln University,New Zealand
文摘Synaptotagmin 7(Syt7), a presynaptic calcium sensor, has a significant role in the facilitation in shortterm synaptic plasticity: Syt7 knock out mice show a significant reduction in the facilitation. The functional importance of short-term synaptic plasticity such as facilitation is not well understood. In this study, we attempt to investigate the potential functional relationship between the short-term synaptic plasticity and postsynaptic response by developing a mathematical model that captures the responses of both wild-type and Syt7 knock-out mice. We then studied the model behaviours of wild-type and Syt7 knock-out mice in response to multiple input action potentials. These behaviors could establish functional importance of short-term plasticity in regulating the postsynaptic response and related synaptic properties. In agreement with previous modeling studies, we show that release sites are governed by non-uniform release probabilities of neurotransmitters. The structure of non-uniform release of neurotransmitters makes shortterm synaptic plasticity to act as a high-pass filter. We also propose that Syt7 may be a modulator for the long-term changes of postsynaptic response that helps to train the target frequency of the filter. We have developed a mathematical model of short-term plasticity which explains the experimental data.
文摘目的探讨短程团体认知行为治疗(Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy,GCBT)对青少年抑郁症患者的疗效,观察短程GCBT和计算机化认知行为治疗(Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy,CCBT)联合对青少年抑郁治疗疗效。方法随机选取2022年8月—2023年8月福建省福州神经精神病防治院精神科门诊及医学心理咨询中心门诊收治的90例青少年抑郁症患者为研究对象,通过随机数表法分为CCBT组(n=30,因未完成5次治疗脱落19例,最终11例)、GCBT组(n=30,因未完成5次团体治疗脱落3例,最终27例)及CCBT+GCBT组(n=30)。在服用抗抑郁药物基础上,CCBT组合并5周的CCBT,GCBT组合并5周的GCBT,CCBT+GCBT组合并5周的GCBT及CCBT。治疗频率均为1次/周。比较3组治疗前、后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(24 Items Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD-24)评分及减分率,中学生心理健康量表(Mental Health Scale for Middle School Students,MSSMHS)总均分及各因子分。结果5周治疗后,3组HAMD-24评分[CCBT组16(9,18)分、GCBT组18(13,21)分、CCBT+GCBT组13.5(8,20.25)分]均有明显下降,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.847、-4.545、-4.784,P均<0.05)。3组HAMD减分率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.069)。CCBT+GCBT组MSSMHS总均分及强迫、敌对、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、情绪不平衡及心理不平衡等因子分与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);GCBT组MSSMHS总均分及强迫、敌对、抑郁及情绪不平衡等因子分与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。CCBT+GCBT组MSSMHS人际关系敏感及心理不平衡因子分较GCBT组明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论短程CCBT及GCBT等治疗能有效改善青少年患者的抑郁症状,且CCBT与GCBT联合治疗疗效更优于单纯GCBT,且能有效降低CCBT高脱失率。
文摘In clinical trials, drug effect is measured by a difference between subjects who are treated by experimental drug against placebo-treated subjects. In case of binary data, with observing YES/NO on each subject in certain period of time, it is the proportion of subjects who respond in treatment group minus the proportion of responders in placebo group (for example, 50% vs. 30%). However, a greater difference was proposed by Rihmer et al. (2011) [1] with their supporting arguments, in that antidepressant response and placebo response had different mechanisms and there were equal chances for antidepressant responder to be responding to placebo and not responding to placebo at all. Therefore, the authors proposed 50% - 30% * 50% when the response rate in the treatment group and the placebo group are 50% and 30% respectively, resulting in higher drug-placebo difference than traditional understanding of 50% - 30%. In this article, we tried to explain why the authors misunderstood the drug-placebo concept for evaluating drug superiority, their misunderstanding of assumptions of traditional calculation, as well as their wrong reasoning on their proposed approach. All in all, we conclude the traditional approach of 50% - 30% is the right way of evaluating drug-placebo difference and the possible methods to control impact of placebo effect are briefly discussed at the end of this article.
