Plants of Artemisia annua produce artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone widely used in malaria treatment. Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase （ADS）, a sesquiterpene synthase, and CYP71AV1, a P450 monooxygenase, are two key e...Plants of Artemisia annua produce artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone widely used in malaria treatment. Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase （ADS）, a sesquiterpene synthase, and CYP71AV1, a P450 monooxygenase, are two key enzymes of the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway. Accumulation of artemisinin can be induced by the phytohormone jasmonate （JA）. Here, we report the characterization of two JA-responsive AP2 family transcription factors-AaERF1 and AaERF2-from A. annua L. Both genes were highly expressed in inflorescences and strongly induced by JA. Yeast one- hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA） showed that they were able to bind to the CRTDREHVCBF2 （CBF2） and RAVlAAT （RAA） motifs present in both ADS and CYP71AV1 promoters. Transient expression of either AaERF1 or AaERF2 in tobacco induced the promoter activities of ADS or CYP71AV1, and the transgenic A. annua plants overexpressing either transcription factor showed elevated transcript levels of both ADS and CYP71AV1, resulting in increased accumulation of artemisinin and artemisinic acid. By contrast, the contents of these two metabolites were reduced in the RNAi transgenic lines in which expression of AaERF1 or AaERF2 was suppressed. These results demonstrate that AaERF1 and AaERF2 are two positive regulators of artemisinin biosynthesis and are of great value in genetic engineering of arte- misinin production.展开更多
AIM:To study the constituents of Saussurea lappa and to find out bioactive compounds METHOD:Compounds were isolated by means of column chromatography,and the structures were identified by means of MS and NMR spectral ...AIM:To study the constituents of Saussurea lappa and to find out bioactive compounds METHOD:Compounds were isolated by means of column chromatography,and the structures were identified by means of MS and NMR spectral data RESULT:Nine compounds were isolated and identified as :dehydrocostus lactone (1),costunolide (2),β costic acid (3),reynosin (4),arbusculin A (5),4 allyl 2,6 dimethoxyphenyl glucoside (6),syringin(7),costunolid 15 β D glucopyranoside (8)and chlorogenic acid (9) CONCLUSION:Compounds 6 and 9 were isolated from Saussurea lappa for the first time and no compound showed bioactivity against PTP1B展开更多
Three new sesquiterpene glycosides,named codonopsesquilosides A C(1 3),were isolated from an aqueous extract of the dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula.Their structures including absolute configurations were determined...Three new sesquiterpene glycosides,named codonopsesquilosides A C(1 3),were isolated from an aqueous extract of the dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula.Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.These glycosides are categorized as C_(15) carotenoid(1),gymnomitrane(2),and eudesmane(3)types of sesquiterpenoids,respectively.Compound 1 is the first diglycoside of C_(15) carotenoids to be reported.Compound 2 represents the second reported example of gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoids from higher plants.The absolute configurations were supported by comparison of the experimental circular dichroism(CD)spectra with the calculated electronic CD(ECD)spectra of 13,their aglycones,and model compounds based on quantummechanical time-dependent density functional theory.The influences of the glycosyls on the calculated ECD spectra of the glycosidic sesquiterpenoids,as well as some nomenclature and descriptive problems with gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoids are discussed.展开更多
A protoilludane sesquiterpene (named xanthocerapene) was isolated from the wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. Its structure, including the relative configuration was established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
One new ceanothane-type triterpene and one new sesquiterpene, together with two known triterpenes were isolated from the fruits of Ziziphusjujuba Mill. （Rhamnaceae）. Based on the spectral analyses, the structures of...One new ceanothane-type triterpene and one new sesquiterpene, together with two known triterpenes were isolated from the fruits of Ziziphusjujuba Mill. （Rhamnaceae）. Based on the spectral analyses, the structures of two new compounds were elucidated as 2α-aldehydo-A（1）-norlup-20（29）-en-27,28-dioic acid （zizyberanal acid） （1）, and zizyberanone （2）. While the two known triterpenes were identified as zizyberanalic acid （3） and ursolic acid （4）.展开更多
基金This research was supported by State Key Basic Research Program of China （2007CB108800）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30630008）, and the National HighTech Program of China （2007AA021501 ）.ACKNO WLEDGMENTS We thank CYP71AV1. discussions Ke-Xuan Tang for supplying the promoter sequence of We thank Ji-Rong Huang and Gao-Jie Hong for he pfu No conflict of interest declared
文摘Plants of Artemisia annua produce artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone widely used in malaria treatment. Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase （ADS）, a sesquiterpene synthase, and CYP71AV1, a P450 monooxygenase, are two key enzymes of the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway. Accumulation of artemisinin can be induced by the phytohormone jasmonate （JA）. Here, we report the characterization of two JA-responsive AP2 family transcription factors-AaERF1 and AaERF2-from A. annua L. Both genes were highly expressed in inflorescences and strongly induced by JA. Yeast one- hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA） showed that they were able to bind to the CRTDREHVCBF2 （CBF2） and RAVlAAT （RAA） motifs present in both ADS and CYP71AV1 promoters. Transient expression of either AaERF1 or AaERF2 in tobacco induced the promoter activities of ADS or CYP71AV1, and the transgenic A. annua plants overexpressing either transcription factor showed elevated transcript levels of both ADS and CYP71AV1, resulting in increased accumulation of artemisinin and artemisinic acid. By contrast, the contents of these two metabolites were reduced in the RNAi transgenic lines in which expression of AaERF1 or AaERF2 was suppressed. These results demonstrate that AaERF1 and AaERF2 are two positive regulators of artemisinin biosynthesis and are of great value in genetic engineering of arte- misinin production.
文摘AIM:To study the constituents of Saussurea lappa and to find out bioactive compounds METHOD:Compounds were isolated by means of column chromatography,and the structures were identified by means of MS and NMR spectral data RESULT:Nine compounds were isolated and identified as :dehydrocostus lactone (1),costunolide (2),β costic acid (3),reynosin (4),arbusculin A (5),4 allyl 2,6 dimethoxyphenyl glucoside (6),syringin(7),costunolid 15 β D glucopyranoside (8)and chlorogenic acid (9) CONCLUSION:Compounds 6 and 9 were isolated from Saussurea lappa for the first time and no compound showed bioactivity against PTP1B
基金Financial support from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(NNSFC,Grant Nos.30825044 and 20932007)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT,Grant No.IRT1007)the National Science and Technology Project of China(Nos.2012ZX09301002-002 and 2011ZX09307-002-01)
文摘Three new sesquiterpene glycosides,named codonopsesquilosides A C(1 3),were isolated from an aqueous extract of the dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula.Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.These glycosides are categorized as C_(15) carotenoid(1),gymnomitrane(2),and eudesmane(3)types of sesquiterpenoids,respectively.Compound 1 is the first diglycoside of C_(15) carotenoids to be reported.Compound 2 represents the second reported example of gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoids from higher plants.The absolute configurations were supported by comparison of the experimental circular dichroism(CD)spectra with the calculated electronic CD(ECD)spectra of 13,their aglycones,and model compounds based on quantummechanical time-dependent density functional theory.The influences of the glycosyls on the calculated ECD spectra of the glycosidic sesquiterpenoids,as well as some nomenclature and descriptive problems with gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoids are discussed.
文摘A protoilludane sesquiterpene (named xanthocerapene) was isolated from the wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. Its structure, including the relative configuration was established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30672678)2006"Qinglan Project"scientific and technological innovation team training program of Jiangsu College and University.
文摘One new ceanothane-type triterpene and one new sesquiterpene, together with two known triterpenes were isolated from the fruits of Ziziphusjujuba Mill. （Rhamnaceae）. Based on the spectral analyses, the structures of two new compounds were elucidated as 2α-aldehydo-A（1）-norlup-20（29）-en-27,28-dioic acid （zizyberanal acid） （1）, and zizyberanone （2）. While the two known triterpenes were identified as zizyberanalic acid （3） and ursolic acid （4）.
