This article deals with problems relevant to implementation of magnetically stabilized beds （MSB） as separation devices. The main issues discussed are： bed mechanics, bed structure, possibilities to create controll...This article deals with problems relevant to implementation of magnetically stabilized beds （MSB） as separation devices. The main issues discussed are： bed mechanics, bed structure, possibilities to create controllable filter media, etc. As examples several separation techniques are discussed： dust filtration-magnetic and non-magnetic, ion-exchange, copper cementation, yeast filtration from biological liquids, particle separation by density and magnetic properties, dangerous wastes removal. Only key publications will be quoted that provide a basis for further reading and study and relevant information.展开更多
Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic advantages.The main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and hole.To overcome...Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic advantages.The main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and hole.To overcome this,it is important to understand their electron-hole behavior characteristics.To determine the carrier separation characteristics,we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber depth.The elemental variation in the intragrains(IGs)and at the grain boundaries(GBs)caused a band edge shift and bandgap(Eg)change.At the absorber surface and subsurface,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was improved.At the absorber center,both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec-upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was degraded.To improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable.展开更多
Through analysis of the connotation of unconventional hydrocarbons,the source-reservoir assemblages of unconventional hydrocarbons are divided into three types,i.e.,source-reservoir neighboring type,source-reservoir i...Through analysis of the connotation of unconventional hydrocarbons,the source-reservoir assemblages of unconventional hydrocarbons are divided into three types,i.e.,source-reservoir neighboring type,source-reservoir integration type,and source-reservoir separation type.The source-reservoir neighboring type resources mainly include tight oil and tight gas with the following formation conditions and characteristics:(1)efficient near-source accumulation close to high-quality source rocks with the pressure difference between source and reservoir as the dynamic force;(2)large-area tight reservoirs with certain porosity,dominated by micro-nanopores of inorganic origin;(3)distributed in depressions and slopes with large hydrocarbon-bearing area and great resource quantity,low abundance and local development of“sweet spots”;(4)weak tectonism.The source-reservoir integration type resources mainly include coalbed methane,shale gas,shale oil and oil shale.The formation conditions and characteristics are:(1)high abundance of organic matter,different types of organic matter and thermal evolution grades leading to formation of different resources types;(2)organic-rich sections are distributed continuously in the reservoiring space which is dominated by nanometer organic pores,interparticle pores and microfissures;(3)hydrocarbons mainly occur in free or adsorbed state,varying much with resource type;(4)the resources are self-conserved,and enriched in depressions and slopes,the conservation conditions are controlled by tectonics,temperature and pressure;(5)the production per well can be enhanced by volume fracturing,which increases the permeability of the reservoirs.The source-reservoir separation type resources are more special,mainly including(1)transformed conventional resources such as oil sand and heavy oil;(2)unsteady resources formed under special conditions of temperature and pressure,among which natural gas hydrate is a representative.These three types of resources in China are different in both development prospect展开更多
In the present paper, using the method of separating coupled physic quantity bypotential operator, we derive two special minmum principles in coupled thermoelastodynamics.
The method of variable separation has always been regarded as a crucial method for solving nonlinear evolution equations.In this paper,we use a new form of variable separation to study novel soliton molecules and thei...The method of variable separation has always been regarded as a crucial method for solving nonlinear evolution equations.In this paper,we use a new form of variable separation to study novel soliton molecules and their interactions in(2+1)-dimensional potential Boiti–Leon-Manna–Pempinelli equation.Dromion molecules,ring molecules,lump molecules,multi-instantaneous molecules,and their interactions are obtained.Then we draw corresponding images with maple software to study their dynamic behavior.展开更多
The temperature separation was discovered inside the short vortex chamber （H/D = 0.18）. Experiments revealed that the highest temperature of the periphery was 465 ℃, and the lowest temperature of the central zone w...The temperature separation was discovered inside the short vortex chamber （H/D = 0.18）. Experiments revealed that the highest temperature of the periphery was 465 ℃, and the lowest temperature of the central zone was -45 ℃ （the compressed air was pumped into the chamber at room temperature）. The objective of this paper is to proof that this temperature separation effect cannot be explained by conventional heat transfer processes. To explain this phenomenon, the concept of PGEW （Pressure Gradient Elastic Waves） is proposed. PGEW are kind of elastic waves, which operate in compressible fluids with pressure gradients and density fluctuations. The result of PGEW propagation is a heat transfer from area of low pressure to high pressure zone. The physical model of a gas in a strong field of mass forces is proposed to substantiate the PGEW existence. This physical model is intended for the construction of a theory of PGEW. Understanding the processes associated with the PGEW permits the possibility of creating new devices for energy saving and low potential heat utilization, which have unique properties.展开更多
We use the separation of variable treatment to treat some time-dependent systems, and point out that the condition of separability is the same as the condition of existence of invariant, and the separation of variable...We use the separation of variable treatment to treat some time-dependent systems, and point out that the condition of separability is the same as the condition of existence of invariant, and the separation of variable treatment is interrelated with the quantum-invariant method and the propagator method. We directly use the separation of variable treatment to obtain the wavefunctions of the time-dependent Coulomb potential and the time-dependent Hulthén potential.展开更多
文摘This article deals with problems relevant to implementation of magnetically stabilized beds （MSB） as separation devices. The main issues discussed are： bed mechanics, bed structure, possibilities to create controllable filter media, etc. As examples several separation techniques are discussed： dust filtration-magnetic and non-magnetic, ion-exchange, copper cementation, yeast filtration from biological liquids, particle separation by density and magnetic properties, dangerous wastes removal. Only key publications will be quoted that provide a basis for further reading and study and relevant information.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.2022M3J1A1085371)by the DGIST R&D programs of the Ministry of Science and ICT(23-ET-08 and 23-CoE-ET-01)supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025340).
文摘Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic advantages.The main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and hole.To overcome this,it is important to understand their electron-hole behavior characteristics.To determine the carrier separation characteristics,we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber depth.The elemental variation in the intragrains(IGs)and at the grain boundaries(GBs)caused a band edge shift and bandgap(Eg)change.At the absorber surface and subsurface,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was improved.At the absorber center,both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec-upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was degraded.To improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable.
基金This work was funded by National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2011ZX05043)Major Science and Technology Special Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(Grant No:2013E-0502)。
文摘Through analysis of the connotation of unconventional hydrocarbons,the source-reservoir assemblages of unconventional hydrocarbons are divided into three types,i.e.,source-reservoir neighboring type,source-reservoir integration type,and source-reservoir separation type.The source-reservoir neighboring type resources mainly include tight oil and tight gas with the following formation conditions and characteristics:(1)efficient near-source accumulation close to high-quality source rocks with the pressure difference between source and reservoir as the dynamic force;(2)large-area tight reservoirs with certain porosity,dominated by micro-nanopores of inorganic origin;(3)distributed in depressions and slopes with large hydrocarbon-bearing area and great resource quantity,low abundance and local development of“sweet spots”;(4)weak tectonism.The source-reservoir integration type resources mainly include coalbed methane,shale gas,shale oil and oil shale.The formation conditions and characteristics are:(1)high abundance of organic matter,different types of organic matter and thermal evolution grades leading to formation of different resources types;(2)organic-rich sections are distributed continuously in the reservoiring space which is dominated by nanometer organic pores,interparticle pores and microfissures;(3)hydrocarbons mainly occur in free or adsorbed state,varying much with resource type;(4)the resources are self-conserved,and enriched in depressions and slopes,the conservation conditions are controlled by tectonics,temperature and pressure;(5)the production per well can be enhanced by volume fracturing,which increases the permeability of the reservoirs.The source-reservoir separation type resources are more special,mainly including(1)transformed conventional resources such as oil sand and heavy oil;(2)unsteady resources formed under special conditions of temperature and pressure,among which natural gas hydrate is a representative.These three types of resources in China are different in both development prospect
文摘In the present paper, using the method of separating coupled physic quantity bypotential operator, we derive two special minmum principles in coupled thermoelastodynamics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11371086,11671258,and 11975145)the Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.13ZR1400100)。
文摘The method of variable separation has always been regarded as a crucial method for solving nonlinear evolution equations.In this paper,we use a new form of variable separation to study novel soliton molecules and their interactions in(2+1)-dimensional potential Boiti–Leon-Manna–Pempinelli equation.Dromion molecules,ring molecules,lump molecules,multi-instantaneous molecules,and their interactions are obtained.Then we draw corresponding images with maple software to study their dynamic behavior.
文摘The temperature separation was discovered inside the short vortex chamber （H/D = 0.18）. Experiments revealed that the highest temperature of the periphery was 465 ℃, and the lowest temperature of the central zone was -45 ℃ （the compressed air was pumped into the chamber at room temperature）. The objective of this paper is to proof that this temperature separation effect cannot be explained by conventional heat transfer processes. To explain this phenomenon, the concept of PGEW （Pressure Gradient Elastic Waves） is proposed. PGEW are kind of elastic waves, which operate in compressible fluids with pressure gradients and density fluctuations. The result of PGEW propagation is a heat transfer from area of low pressure to high pressure zone. The physical model of a gas in a strong field of mass forces is proposed to substantiate the PGEW existence. This physical model is intended for the construction of a theory of PGEW. Understanding the processes associated with the PGEW permits the possibility of creating new devices for energy saving and low potential heat utilization, which have unique properties.
文摘We use the separation of variable treatment to treat some time-dependent systems, and point out that the condition of separability is the same as the condition of existence of invariant, and the separation of variable treatment is interrelated with the quantum-invariant method and the propagator method. We directly use the separation of variable treatment to obtain the wavefunctions of the time-dependent Coulomb potential and the time-dependent Hulthén potential.
