Boolean algebra successfully describes the logical behavior of a digital circuit, and has been widely used in electronic circuit design and test With the development of high speed VLSIs it is a drawback for Boolean al...Boolean algebra successfully describes the logical behavior of a digital circuit, and has been widely used in electronic circuit design and test With the development of high speed VLSIs it is a drawback for Boolean algebra to be unable to describe circuit timing behavior. Therefore a Boolean process is defined as a family of Boolean van ables relevant to the time parameter t. A real-valued sample of a Boolean process is a waveform. Waveform functions can be manipulated formally by using mathematical tools. The distance, difference and limit of a waveform polynomial are defined, and a sufficient and necessary condition of the limit existence is presented. Based on this, the concept of sensitization is redefined precisely to demonstrate the potential and wide application possibility The new definition is very different from the traditional one, and has an impact on determining the sensitizable paths with maximum or minimum length, and false paths, and then designing and testing high performance circuits展开更多
Delay considerttion has been a major issue in design and test of high performance digital circuits . The assumption of input signal change occurring only when all internal nodes are stable restricts the increase of cl...Delay considerttion has been a major issue in design and test of high performance digital circuits . The assumption of input signal change occurring only when all internal nodes are stable restricts the increase of clock frequency. It is no longer true for wave pipelining circuits. However, previous logical delay models are based on the assumption. In addition, the stable time of a robust delay test generally depends on the longest sensitizable path delay. Thus , a new delay model is desirable. This paper explores the necessity first. Then, Boolean process to analytically describe the logical and timing behavior of a digital circuit is reviewed . The concept of sensitization is redefined precisely in this paper. Based on the new concept of sensitization, an analytical delay model is introduced . As a result , many untestable delay faults under the logical delay model can be tested if the output waveforms can be sampled at more time points. The longest sensitiaable path length is computed for circuit design and delay test .展开更多
Thermally activated delayed fuorescence(TADF)small molecule bis-[3-(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine)-phenyl]-sulfone(m-ACSO2)was used as a universal host to sensitize three conventional fuorescent polymers for maxim...Thermally activated delayed fuorescence(TADF)small molecule bis-[3-(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine)-phenyl]-sulfone(m-ACSO2)was used as a universal host to sensitize three conventional fuorescent polymers for maximizing the electroluminescent performance.The excitons were utilized via inter-molecular energy transfer and the non-radiative decays were successfully refrained in the condensed states.Therefore,the signifcant enhancement of the electroluminescent efciencies was demonstrated.For instance,after doping poly(9,9-dioctylfuorene-co-benzothiadiazole)(F8BT)into m-ACSO2,the external quantum efciency(EQE)was improved by a factor of 17.0 in the solution-processed organic light-emitting device(OLED),as compared with the device with neat F8BT.In terms of the other well-known fuorescent polymers,i.e.,poly(para-phenylene vinylene)copolymer(Super Yellow,SY)and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene](MEH-PPV),their EQEs in the devices were respectively enhanced by 70%and 270%,compared with the reference devices based on the conventional host 1,3-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene(mCP).Besides the improved charge balance in the bipolar TADF host,these were partially ascribed to reduced fuorescence quenching in the mixed flms.展开更多
Formation of silver sulfide binary cluster ions,as well as the effects of silver and sulfur content proportion,the cluster size range,the influence of laser fluence,the UV laser photolysis,etc.,was studied with the la...Formation of silver sulfide binary cluster ions,as well as the effects of silver and sulfur content proportion,the cluster size range,the influence of laser fluence,the UV laser photolysis,etc.,was studied with the laser ablation method and a tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer.The results show that there exist two different forms of positively charge-bearing cluster ions;[(Ag2S)n Ag] + and [ (Ag2S)n-1 Ag3]+.The most possible forms of the sulfur sensitization centers acting as traps of photoelectrons are [Ag2S] +,[ Ag2S Ag] +,[ Ag2S Ag3]+ and the analogs.展开更多
For different delay models, the concept of sensitization can be very different.Thaditional concepts of sensitization cannot precisely describe circult behavior when the input vectors change very fast. Using Boolean pr...For different delay models, the concept of sensitization can be very different.Thaditional concepts of sensitization cannot precisely describe circult behavior when the input vectors change very fast. Using Boolean process approach, this paper presents a new definition of sensitization for arbitrary input waveforms.By this new concept it is found that if the inputs of a combinational circult can change at any time, and each gate's delay varies witliln an interval (bounded gate delay model), then every path, which is not necessarily a single topological path, is sensitizable. fum the experimental results it can be seen that, all nonsensitizable paths for traditional concepts actually can propagate transitions along them for some input wavforms. However, specilied time between input transitions (STBIT) and nilnimum perndssible pulse width (E) are two major factors to make some paths non-sensitizable.展开更多
Local development as a local management process tables a number of questions, mainly concerning on conflict resolution between the three power local poles： （1） State and its appointed State peripheral Departments; ...Local development as a local management process tables a number of questions, mainly concerning on conflict resolution between the three power local poles： （1） State and its appointed State peripheral Departments; （2） Local authorities; and （3） Local people and their local movements/lobbies. As the three poles are in a constant negotiations, then each of them should prevail over the other two, thus be introduced in the bargaining problem. Bargaining behavior must therefore be defined. The suggested ＂＇win-win-win papakonstantinidis model＂ （coming from Nash win-win extended approach） tries to find ways for the three-pole bargaining conceptual equilibrium, under conditions, thus maximizing expected utilities for all the involved parts in local decision-making by applying a combination of Descriptive Behavior （DB）, Rational Choice, Instrumental Rationality, and the Applied Behavioral Analysis （ABA） methodologies, then an updating community＇s behavioral state is expected, thus transforming the technical territory-community perception to a behavioral community perception, by sensitizing its population, towards the ＂guanxi relations＂ paradigm.展开更多
The rare earth ion Ce 4+ doped TiO 2 was prepared by sol-gel method. The average particle sizes are about 10 nm for sol phase and 55 nm for polycrystalline phase. The photocatalytic activities to degrade Reactive ...The rare earth ion Ce 4+ doped TiO 2 was prepared by sol-gel method. The average particle sizes are about 10 nm for sol phase and 55 nm for polycrystalline phase. The photocatalytic activities to degrade Reactive Brilliant Red Dye X-3B were investigated. The result reveals that the spectrum response of Ce 4+-TiO 2 has extended to visible region from the UV region(λ<387 nm) of pure TiO 2. Amorphous phase Ce 4+-TiO 2 sol with an electron scavenger (1.0% atom fraction Ce 4+ ion doping amount) shows the capability of the photocatalytic degradation of the dye X-3B as well as the nanocrystallite Ce 4+-TiO 2 with an interband trap site. Despite of the difference in the morphology of Ce 4+-TiO 2 photocatalyst, there is no apparent difference in respect of the decoloring effects. Whereas, polycrystalline phase Ce 4+-TiO 2 exhibits strong photomineralization power in comparison with the amorphous phase. The photocatalytic oxidation mechanisms of the dye molecule mainly involved in the self-photo-sensitization photolysis process by the first excited singlet oxygen ( 1O 2) and photocatalysis process by hydroxyl radicals(·OH) under visible light irradiation.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Boolean algebra successfully describes the logical behavior of a digital circuit, and has been widely used in electronic circuit design and test With the development of high speed VLSIs it is a drawback for Boolean algebra to be unable to describe circuit timing behavior. Therefore a Boolean process is defined as a family of Boolean van ables relevant to the time parameter t. A real-valued sample of a Boolean process is a waveform. Waveform functions can be manipulated formally by using mathematical tools. The distance, difference and limit of a waveform polynomial are defined, and a sufficient and necessary condition of the limit existence is presented. Based on this, the concept of sensitization is redefined precisely to demonstrate the potential and wide application possibility The new definition is very different from the traditional one, and has an impact on determining the sensitizable paths with maximum or minimum length, and false paths, and then designing and testing high performance circuits
文摘Delay considerttion has been a major issue in design and test of high performance digital circuits . The assumption of input signal change occurring only when all internal nodes are stable restricts the increase of clock frequency. It is no longer true for wave pipelining circuits. However, previous logical delay models are based on the assumption. In addition, the stable time of a robust delay test generally depends on the longest sensitizable path delay. Thus , a new delay model is desirable. This paper explores the necessity first. Then, Boolean process to analytically describe the logical and timing behavior of a digital circuit is reviewed . The concept of sensitization is redefined precisely in this paper. Based on the new concept of sensitization, an analytical delay model is introduced . As a result , many untestable delay faults under the logical delay model can be tested if the output waveforms can be sampled at more time points. The longest sensitiaable path length is computed for circuit design and delay test .
基金the fnancial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51873159 and 62175189)GX acknowledged the funding support from the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(No.2019WNLOKF015).
文摘Thermally activated delayed fuorescence(TADF)small molecule bis-[3-(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine)-phenyl]-sulfone(m-ACSO2)was used as a universal host to sensitize three conventional fuorescent polymers for maximizing the electroluminescent performance.The excitons were utilized via inter-molecular energy transfer and the non-radiative decays were successfully refrained in the condensed states.Therefore,the signifcant enhancement of the electroluminescent efciencies was demonstrated.For instance,after doping poly(9,9-dioctylfuorene-co-benzothiadiazole)(F8BT)into m-ACSO2,the external quantum efciency(EQE)was improved by a factor of 17.0 in the solution-processed organic light-emitting device(OLED),as compared with the device with neat F8BT.In terms of the other well-known fuorescent polymers,i.e.,poly(para-phenylene vinylene)copolymer(Super Yellow,SY)and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene](MEH-PPV),their EQEs in the devices were respectively enhanced by 70%and 270%,compared with the reference devices based on the conventional host 1,3-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene(mCP).Besides the improved charge balance in the bipolar TADF host,these were partially ascribed to reduced fuorescence quenching in the mixed flms.
文摘Formation of silver sulfide binary cluster ions,as well as the effects of silver and sulfur content proportion,the cluster size range,the influence of laser fluence,the UV laser photolysis,etc.,was studied with the laser ablation method and a tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer.The results show that there exist two different forms of positively charge-bearing cluster ions;[(Ag2S)n Ag] + and [ (Ag2S)n-1 Ag3]+.The most possible forms of the sulfur sensitization centers acting as traps of photoelectrons are [Ag2S] +,[ Ag2S Ag] +,[ Ag2S Ag3]+ and the analogs.
文摘For different delay models, the concept of sensitization can be very different.Thaditional concepts of sensitization cannot precisely describe circult behavior when the input vectors change very fast. Using Boolean process approach, this paper presents a new definition of sensitization for arbitrary input waveforms.By this new concept it is found that if the inputs of a combinational circult can change at any time, and each gate's delay varies witliln an interval (bounded gate delay model), then every path, which is not necessarily a single topological path, is sensitizable. fum the experimental results it can be seen that, all nonsensitizable paths for traditional concepts actually can propagate transitions along them for some input wavforms. However, specilied time between input transitions (STBIT) and nilnimum perndssible pulse width (E) are two major factors to make some paths non-sensitizable.
文摘Local development as a local management process tables a number of questions, mainly concerning on conflict resolution between the three power local poles： （1） State and its appointed State peripheral Departments; （2） Local authorities; and （3） Local people and their local movements/lobbies. As the three poles are in a constant negotiations, then each of them should prevail over the other two, thus be introduced in the bargaining problem. Bargaining behavior must therefore be defined. The suggested ＂＇win-win-win papakonstantinidis model＂ （coming from Nash win-win extended approach） tries to find ways for the three-pole bargaining conceptual equilibrium, under conditions, thus maximizing expected utilities for all the involved parts in local decision-making by applying a combination of Descriptive Behavior （DB）, Rational Choice, Instrumental Rationality, and the Applied Behavioral Analysis （ABA） methodologies, then an updating community＇s behavioral state is expected, thus transforming the technical territory-community perception to a behavioral community perception, by sensitizing its population, towards the ＂guanxi relations＂ paradigm.
文摘The rare earth ion Ce 4+ doped TiO 2 was prepared by sol-gel method. The average particle sizes are about 10 nm for sol phase and 55 nm for polycrystalline phase. The photocatalytic activities to degrade Reactive Brilliant Red Dye X-3B were investigated. The result reveals that the spectrum response of Ce 4+-TiO 2 has extended to visible region from the UV region(λ<387 nm) of pure TiO 2. Amorphous phase Ce 4+-TiO 2 sol with an electron scavenger (1.0% atom fraction Ce 4+ ion doping amount) shows the capability of the photocatalytic degradation of the dye X-3B as well as the nanocrystallite Ce 4+-TiO 2 with an interband trap site. Despite of the difference in the morphology of Ce 4+-TiO 2 photocatalyst, there is no apparent difference in respect of the decoloring effects. Whereas, polycrystalline phase Ce 4+-TiO 2 exhibits strong photomineralization power in comparison with the amorphous phase. The photocatalytic oxidation mechanisms of the dye molecule mainly involved in the self-photo-sensitization photolysis process by the first excited singlet oxygen ( 1O 2) and photocatalysis process by hydroxyl radicals(·OH) under visible light irradiation.
