Viscoelastic surfactants(VES)are often used as viscous diverters in acidizing stimulation to prolong the acid consumption time and maximize zonal coverage of the acid for improving well productivity.However,the ceilin...Viscoelastic surfactants(VES)are often used as viscous diverters in acidizing stimulation to prolong the acid consumption time and maximize zonal coverage of the acid for improving well productivity.However,the ceiling temperature of commercial VES cannot exceed 120℃in practical use because of the poor thermal stability and fragile molecular structure,hindering their implementation in hightemperature oil reservoirs,i.e.,≥150℃.Here we synthesized a novel C22-tailed diamine,N-erucaminopropyl-N,N-dimethylamine(EDPA),and examined comparatively its rheological behavior,assemblies morphology and molecular stability in 20 wt%HCl with a commercial VES,erucyl dimethyl amidopropyl betaine(EDAB).The feasibility of EDPA for acidizing stimulation was assessed by acid etching of carbonate rock with its HCl solution at 150℃.Rheological results showed that the 2.5 wt%EDPA—20 wt%HCl solution maintains stable viscosity of 90 m Pa s at 150℃for 60 min,while that of 2.0 wt%EDAB HCl solution is just 1 m Pa s under identical conditions.1H NMR spectra and cryo-TEM observations revealed that the chemical structure and self-assembled architectures of EDPA remained intact in such context,but the EDAB suffered from degradation due to the hydrolysis of the amide group,accounting for the poor heat-resistance and acid-tolerance.The reaction rate of 2.5 wt%EDPA HCl solution with carbonate rock was one order of magnitude lower than that of 20 wt%HCl solution at 150℃,underpinning the potential of EDPA to be used in the high-temperature reservoirs acidizing.This work improved the thermal tolerance of VES in highly concentrated HCl solution,paving a feasible way for the acidization of high-temperature reservoir environments(~150℃).展开更多
Carbonate reservoirs generally achieved relatively low primary resource recovery rates.It is therefore often necessary to clean those reservoirs up and/or stimulate them post drilling and later in their production lif...Carbonate reservoirs generally achieved relatively low primary resource recovery rates.It is therefore often necessary to clean those reservoirs up and/or stimulate them post drilling and later in their production life.A common and basic carbonate reservoir cleanup technique to remove contaminating material from the wellbore is acidizing.The efficiency of acid treatments is determined by many factors,including:the type and quantity of the acid used;the number of repeated treatments performed,heterogeneity of the reservoir,water cut of the reservoir fluids,and presence of idle zones and interlayers.Post-treatment production performance of such reservoirs frequently does not meet design expectations.There is therefore much scope to improve acidizing technologies and treatment designs to make them more reliable and effective.This review considers acid treatment technologies applied to carbonate reservoirs at the laboratory scale and in field-scale applications.The range of acid treatment techniques commonly applied are compared.Differences between specific acid treatments,such as foamed acids,acid emulsions,gelled and thickened acid systems,targeted acid treatments,and acid hydraulic fracturing are described in terms of the positive and negative influences they have on carbonate oil production rates and recovery.Opportunities to improve acid treatment techniques are identified,particularly those involving the deployment of nanoparticles(NPs).Due consideration is also given to the potential environmental impacts associated with carbonate reservoir acid treatment.Recommendations are made regarding the future research required to overcome the remaining challenges pertaining to acid treatment applications.展开更多
Conventional diverting techniques may not be useful,and the use of the advanced and well-documented diverting technique is needed to overcome the complexity and heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs.Nowadays,there hav...Conventional diverting techniques may not be useful,and the use of the advanced and well-documented diverting technique is needed to overcome the complexity and heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs.Nowadays,there have been a lot of materials and techniques utilized for acid diversion.This paper aimed to consider various utilization of fiber-assisted self as the diverting system in acidifying carbonate reservoirs.One of the main reasons for its ability to overcome uncertainty is that the fiber itself is an inherent property,allowing for an automatic diversion adjustment downhole.When a media with infinite permeability,such as a perforation tunnel or natural fracture,is filled and bridged with a material of finite permeability such as degradable fiber,this creates a temporary skin to injectivity in that zone.This is a powerful concept,as it is a way,despite uncertainty from a lack of logging data or uncertainty in the data itself,of dampening the reservoir’s natural permeability contrast.It does not rely on petrophysical certainty to design a successful treatment.展开更多
利用一种长链甜菜碱表面活性剂在酸液中的聚集形态变化,形成了以土酸为主体酸的自转向酸体系:15%HCl+3%HF+4%转向剂+1%缓蚀剂+0.5%铁离子稳定剂。该体系在酸化改造过程中不需要大量钙镁离子的"交联"作用,仅依靠自身聚集形态...利用一种长链甜菜碱表面活性剂在酸液中的聚集形态变化,形成了以土酸为主体酸的自转向酸体系:15%HCl+3%HF+4%转向剂+1%缓蚀剂+0.5%铁离子稳定剂。该体系在酸化改造过程中不需要大量钙镁离子的"交联"作用,仅依靠自身聚集形态随酸浓度的变化即可增黏,胶束平均水合直径最大可达330.5 nm,酸液黏度最大可达180 m Pa·s,能有效实现砂泥岩储层暂堵转向酸化的目的。体系缓速性能出色,酸岩反应20 min后,含转向剂的土酸酸液溶蚀率仅为13%,并且具有良好的耐高温流变性,在90℃下剪切90 min后的黏度依然保持在60m Pa·s以上。自转向酸残酸凝胶与地层原油接触120 min后,酸液黏度降至10 m Pa·s左右,能加快残酸返排。现场试验表明,自转向土酸酸液体系在砂岩储层增产效果明显。展开更多
研制出一种新型清洁自转向酸体系,通过一系列室内实验研究,对该配方的酸化工艺性能进行了研究,并总结了针对一套清洁自转向酸的性能评价实验方法。结果表明,该体系配伍性良好,腐蚀速度≤4.5 g/(m^2·h),稳定铁离子能力≥45 mg/m L,...研制出一种新型清洁自转向酸体系,通过一系列室内实验研究,对该配方的酸化工艺性能进行了研究,并总结了针对一套清洁自转向酸的性能评价实验方法。结果表明,该体系配伍性良好,腐蚀速度≤4.5 g/(m^2·h),稳定铁离子能力≥45 mg/m L,表面张力≤29 m N/m。当盐酸浓度为15%~20%时,鲜酸黏度在10 m Pa·s左右,当盐酸含量为4%时残酸黏度达到最高值140 m Pa·s以上,体现了体系良好的室内性能,对碳酸盐岩酸化具有很强的实际意义。展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos:21773161,22172108)。
文摘Viscoelastic surfactants(VES)are often used as viscous diverters in acidizing stimulation to prolong the acid consumption time and maximize zonal coverage of the acid for improving well productivity.However,the ceiling temperature of commercial VES cannot exceed 120℃in practical use because of the poor thermal stability and fragile molecular structure,hindering their implementation in hightemperature oil reservoirs,i.e.,≥150℃.Here we synthesized a novel C22-tailed diamine,N-erucaminopropyl-N,N-dimethylamine(EDPA),and examined comparatively its rheological behavior,assemblies morphology and molecular stability in 20 wt%HCl with a commercial VES,erucyl dimethyl amidopropyl betaine(EDAB).The feasibility of EDPA for acidizing stimulation was assessed by acid etching of carbonate rock with its HCl solution at 150℃.Rheological results showed that the 2.5 wt%EDPA—20 wt%HCl solution maintains stable viscosity of 90 m Pa s at 150℃for 60 min,while that of 2.0 wt%EDAB HCl solution is just 1 m Pa s under identical conditions.1H NMR spectra and cryo-TEM observations revealed that the chemical structure and self-assembled architectures of EDPA remained intact in such context,but the EDAB suffered from degradation due to the hydrolysis of the amide group,accounting for the poor heat-resistance and acid-tolerance.The reaction rate of 2.5 wt%EDPA HCl solution with carbonate rock was one order of magnitude lower than that of 20 wt%HCl solution at 150℃,underpinning the potential of EDPA to be used in the high-temperature reservoirs acidizing.This work improved the thermal tolerance of VES in highly concentrated HCl solution,paving a feasible way for the acidization of high-temperature reservoir environments(~150℃).
基金supported by the Tomsk Polytechnic University development program.
文摘Carbonate reservoirs generally achieved relatively low primary resource recovery rates.It is therefore often necessary to clean those reservoirs up and/or stimulate them post drilling and later in their production life.A common and basic carbonate reservoir cleanup technique to remove contaminating material from the wellbore is acidizing.The efficiency of acid treatments is determined by many factors,including:the type and quantity of the acid used;the number of repeated treatments performed,heterogeneity of the reservoir,water cut of the reservoir fluids,and presence of idle zones and interlayers.Post-treatment production performance of such reservoirs frequently does not meet design expectations.There is therefore much scope to improve acidizing technologies and treatment designs to make them more reliable and effective.This review considers acid treatment technologies applied to carbonate reservoirs at the laboratory scale and in field-scale applications.The range of acid treatment techniques commonly applied are compared.Differences between specific acid treatments,such as foamed acids,acid emulsions,gelled and thickened acid systems,targeted acid treatments,and acid hydraulic fracturing are described in terms of the positive and negative influences they have on carbonate oil production rates and recovery.Opportunities to improve acid treatment techniques are identified,particularly those involving the deployment of nanoparticles(NPs).Due consideration is also given to the potential environmental impacts associated with carbonate reservoir acid treatment.Recommendations are made regarding the future research required to overcome the remaining challenges pertaining to acid treatment applications.
文摘Conventional diverting techniques may not be useful,and the use of the advanced and well-documented diverting technique is needed to overcome the complexity and heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs.Nowadays,there have been a lot of materials and techniques utilized for acid diversion.This paper aimed to consider various utilization of fiber-assisted self as the diverting system in acidifying carbonate reservoirs.One of the main reasons for its ability to overcome uncertainty is that the fiber itself is an inherent property,allowing for an automatic diversion adjustment downhole.When a media with infinite permeability,such as a perforation tunnel or natural fracture,is filled and bridged with a material of finite permeability such as degradable fiber,this creates a temporary skin to injectivity in that zone.This is a powerful concept,as it is a way,despite uncertainty from a lack of logging data or uncertainty in the data itself,of dampening the reservoir’s natural permeability contrast.It does not rely on petrophysical certainty to design a successful treatment.
文摘利用一种长链甜菜碱表面活性剂在酸液中的聚集形态变化,形成了以土酸为主体酸的自转向酸体系:15%HCl+3%HF+4%转向剂+1%缓蚀剂+0.5%铁离子稳定剂。该体系在酸化改造过程中不需要大量钙镁离子的"交联"作用,仅依靠自身聚集形态随酸浓度的变化即可增黏,胶束平均水合直径最大可达330.5 nm,酸液黏度最大可达180 m Pa·s,能有效实现砂泥岩储层暂堵转向酸化的目的。体系缓速性能出色,酸岩反应20 min后,含转向剂的土酸酸液溶蚀率仅为13%,并且具有良好的耐高温流变性,在90℃下剪切90 min后的黏度依然保持在60m Pa·s以上。自转向酸残酸凝胶与地层原油接触120 min后,酸液黏度降至10 m Pa·s左右,能加快残酸返排。现场试验表明,自转向土酸酸液体系在砂岩储层增产效果明显。
文摘研制出一种新型清洁自转向酸体系,通过一系列室内实验研究,对该配方的酸化工艺性能进行了研究,并总结了针对一套清洁自转向酸的性能评价实验方法。结果表明,该体系配伍性良好,腐蚀速度≤4.5 g/(m^2·h),稳定铁离子能力≥45 mg/m L,表面张力≤29 m N/m。当盐酸浓度为15%~20%时,鲜酸黏度在10 m Pa·s左右,当盐酸含量为4%时残酸黏度达到最高值140 m Pa·s以上,体现了体系良好的室内性能,对碳酸盐岩酸化具有很强的实际意义。
