关中方言有两个形容词带程度补语的短语结构,本文记为“A得狠”和“A得很”,前者的焦点重音在“狠”上,语义上表属性A的高程度,语用上表感叹行为,句法上独立成句,属于“用作高程度的高程度(DEGREE qua DECREE)”类型,是一种本体义和功...关中方言有两个形容词带程度补语的短语结构,本文记为“A得狠”和“A得很”,前者的焦点重音在“狠”上,语义上表属性A的高程度,语用上表感叹行为,句法上独立成句,属于“用作高程度的高程度(DEGREE qua DECREE)”类型,是一种本体义和功用义一致的自含性结构。“A得很”从前者中分化出来,属于“用作原因的高程度(DEGREE qua REASON)”类型,是一种非自含性结构,其中,焦点重音前移到形容词、甚至更前面的小主语/次话题上。与这种特异的韵律变异相应,“A得很”在语义功能上发生了转义:除了表达属性A这个本体义外,同时给A赋予新的功用义一一原因,该原因导致/解释了一个外部的、消极结果事件。消极义的根源在于对特定预期的取消。“X用作Y”这种体用离转模式对揭示汉语句间逻辑关系的编码方式类型或具启发意义。展开更多
This paper proposes an online power system voltage stability index(PVSI Online)that quantifies power system voltage stability in real time between an AC network and LCC HVDC using only local measurements.Previous meth...This paper proposes an online power system voltage stability index(PVSI Online)that quantifies power system voltage stability in real time between an AC network and LCC HVDC using only local measurements.Previous methods relied on using telecommunications to inform a change in a predetermined AC network model.The proposed method uses local measurements of voltage and current from the HVDC using a newly developed,numerically robust technique called Moving Window Covariance to detect a change in the AC network in real time.These network parameters are fed to a newly devised index that accurately models and captures the dynamics of the interaction between an LCC HVDC and AC network.The index is used to quantify stability,but also to advise network operation.In an onset of instability due to network degradation,the proposed index can provide a power order value for the HVDC to restore stability.All as a self-contained module that can be implemented within a HVDC scheme.展开更多
Respirator breathing resistance impacts performance of wearers during constant work load. However, it is less clear as to how breathing resistance affects the tolerant capacity of users during graded work load. The pr...Respirator breathing resistance impacts performance of wearers during constant work load. However, it is less clear as to how breathing resistance affects the tolerant capacity of users during graded work load. The present study investigated the tolerant capacity of 8 individuals during incremental work load. The 8 subjects were required to wear two matched respirators （respirators Ⅰ and Ⅱ which were designed to have different breathing resistances and the same dead space） respectively on separate days and then work to end points. Minute ventilation （VE）, breathing frequency （BF）, oxygen consumption （VO2） and heart rate （HR） were recorded during exercise, while tolerant time, response time and breathing discomfort were measured at the end of each test trial. The test variables were com-pared between the two respirators by using matched-pairs t-test. The results showed that the tolerant time was significantly reduced for the respiratorⅠwith higher level of breathing resistance when compared with its counterpart with lower breathing resistance （respirator Ⅱ） （P〈0.05）. The same changes occurred for response time. Results also showed a significant increase in VE and BF for respirator Ⅰwearers when the work load was above 125 W. The O2 consumption was similar under the two breathing resistance conditions. These findings suggested that the respiratory resistance caused by self-contained breathing apparatus （SCBA） has an impact on the tolerant capacity of users.展开更多
This paper presents the development of a mesoscale self-contained quadruped mobile robot that employs two pieces of piezocomposite actuators for the bounding locomotion.The design of the robot leg is inspired by legge...This paper presents the development of a mesoscale self-contained quadruped mobile robot that employs two pieces of piezocomposite actuators for the bounding locomotion.The design of the robot leg is inspired by legged insects and animals, and the biomimetic concept is implemented in the robot in a simplified form,such that each leg of the robot has only one degree of freedom.The lack of degree of freedom is compensated by a slope of the robot frame relative to the horizontal plane.For the implementation of the self-contained mobile robot,a small power supply circuit is designed and installed on the robot.Experimental results show that the robot can locomote at about 50 mm·s^(-1)with the circuit on board,which can be considered as a significant step toward the goal of building an autonomous legged robot actuated by piezoelectric actuators.展开更多
文摘关中方言有两个形容词带程度补语的短语结构,本文记为“A得狠”和“A得很”,前者的焦点重音在“狠”上,语义上表属性A的高程度,语用上表感叹行为,句法上独立成句,属于“用作高程度的高程度(DEGREE qua DECREE)”类型,是一种本体义和功用义一致的自含性结构。“A得很”从前者中分化出来,属于“用作原因的高程度(DEGREE qua REASON)”类型,是一种非自含性结构,其中,焦点重音前移到形容词、甚至更前面的小主语/次话题上。与这种特异的韵律变异相应,“A得很”在语义功能上发生了转义:除了表达属性A这个本体义外,同时给A赋予新的功用义一一原因,该原因导致/解释了一个外部的、消极结果事件。消极义的根源在于对特定预期的取消。“X用作Y”这种体用离转模式对揭示汉语句间逻辑关系的编码方式类型或具启发意义。
文摘This paper proposes an online power system voltage stability index(PVSI Online)that quantifies power system voltage stability in real time between an AC network and LCC HVDC using only local measurements.Previous methods relied on using telecommunications to inform a change in a predetermined AC network model.The proposed method uses local measurements of voltage and current from the HVDC using a newly developed,numerically robust technique called Moving Window Covariance to detect a change in the AC network in real time.These network parameters are fed to a newly devised index that accurately models and captures the dynamics of the interaction between an LCC HVDC and AC network.The index is used to quantify stability,but also to advise network operation.In an onset of instability due to network degradation,the proposed index can provide a power order value for the HVDC to restore stability.All as a self-contained module that can be implemented within a HVDC scheme.
文摘Respirator breathing resistance impacts performance of wearers during constant work load. However, it is less clear as to how breathing resistance affects the tolerant capacity of users during graded work load. The present study investigated the tolerant capacity of 8 individuals during incremental work load. The 8 subjects were required to wear two matched respirators （respirators Ⅰ and Ⅱ which were designed to have different breathing resistances and the same dead space） respectively on separate days and then work to end points. Minute ventilation （VE）, breathing frequency （BF）, oxygen consumption （VO2） and heart rate （HR） were recorded during exercise, while tolerant time, response time and breathing discomfort were measured at the end of each test trial. The test variables were com-pared between the two respirators by using matched-pairs t-test. The results showed that the tolerant time was significantly reduced for the respiratorⅠwith higher level of breathing resistance when compared with its counterpart with lower breathing resistance （respirator Ⅱ） （P〈0.05）. The same changes occurred for response time. Results also showed a significant increase in VE and BF for respirator Ⅰwearers when the work load was above 125 W. The O2 consumption was similar under the two breathing resistance conditions. These findings suggested that the respiratory resistance caused by self-contained breathing apparatus （SCBA） has an impact on the tolerant capacity of users.
基金supported by Korea Research Foundation grant(KRF-2006-005-J03303)and Seoul R&BD Program
文摘This paper presents the development of a mesoscale self-contained quadruped mobile robot that employs two pieces of piezocomposite actuators for the bounding locomotion.The design of the robot leg is inspired by legged insects and animals, and the biomimetic concept is implemented in the robot in a simplified form,such that each leg of the robot has only one degree of freedom.The lack of degree of freedom is compensated by a slope of the robot frame relative to the horizontal plane.For the implementation of the self-contained mobile robot,a small power supply circuit is designed and installed on the robot.Experimental results show that the robot can locomote at about 50 mm·s^(-1)with the circuit on board,which can be considered as a significant step toward the goal of building an autonomous legged robot actuated by piezoelectric actuators.
