Sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir will greatly affect future project functions, such as power generation and navigation, after 50 years of operation. This paper presents results of a physical model study, w...Sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir will greatly affect future project functions, such as power generation and navigation, after 50 years of operation. This paper presents results of a physical model study, which indicate that the capacity of both the discharge tunnel and the power plant outlet could be impaired by sediment deposition in front of the dam after 50 years, affecting both the hydropower head and navigation. A flow training scheme based on the third-stage cofferdam for the dam construction is proposed to regulate the flow pattern and control deposition in the near-dam region of the reservoir. This flow training scenario can effectively reduce deposition in the physical model.展开更多
Coastal wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Large quantities of sediment deposited in the Changjiang （Yangtze） estuary by the Changjiang River promote the propagation of coastal wetlands, the...Coastal wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Large quantities of sediment deposited in the Changjiang （Yangtze） estuary by the Changjiang River promote the propagation of coastal wetlands, the expansion of saltmarsh vegetation, and carbon sequestration. In this study, using the Chongming Dongtan Wetland in the Changjiang estuary as the study area, the spatial and temporal distribution of soil organic carbon （SOC） stocks and the influences of sedimentation and vegetation on the SOC stocks of the coastal wetland were examined in 2013. There was sediment accretion in the northern and middle areas of the wetland and in the Phragmites australis marsh in the southern area, and sediment erosion in the Scirpus mariqueter marsh and the bare mudflat in the southem area. More SOC accumulated in sediments of the vegetated marsh than in the bare mudflat. The total organic carbon （TOC） stocks increased in the above-ground biomass from spring to autumn and decreased in winter; in the below-ground biomass, they gradually increased from spring to winter. The TOC stocks were higher in the below-ground biomass than in the above-ground biomass in the P. australis and Spartina alterniflora marshes, but were lower in the below-ground biomass in S. mariqueter marsh. Stocks of SOC showed temporal variation and increased gradually in all transects from spring to winter. The SOC stocks tended to decrease from the high marsh down to the bare mudflat along the three transects in the order： P. australis marsh 〉 S. alterniflora marsh 〉 S. mariqueter marsh 〉 bare mudflat. The SOC stocks of the same vegetation type were higher in the northern and middle transects than in the southern transect. These results suggest that interactions between sedimentation and vegetation regulate the SOC stocks in the coastal wetland in the Changjiang estuary.展开更多
文摘Sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir will greatly affect future project functions, such as power generation and navigation, after 50 years of operation. This paper presents results of a physical model study, which indicate that the capacity of both the discharge tunnel and the power plant outlet could be impaired by sediment deposition in front of the dam after 50 years, affecting both the hydropower head and navigation. A flow training scheme based on the third-stage cofferdam for the dam construction is proposed to regulate the flow pattern and control deposition in the near-dam region of the reservoir. This flow training scenario can effectively reduce deposition in the physical model.
基金Supported by the Marine Science Project of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(No.14DZ1206004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571083)the autonomous research fund of the State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,China(No.2015KYYW03)
文摘Coastal wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Large quantities of sediment deposited in the Changjiang （Yangtze） estuary by the Changjiang River promote the propagation of coastal wetlands, the expansion of saltmarsh vegetation, and carbon sequestration. In this study, using the Chongming Dongtan Wetland in the Changjiang estuary as the study area, the spatial and temporal distribution of soil organic carbon （SOC） stocks and the influences of sedimentation and vegetation on the SOC stocks of the coastal wetland were examined in 2013. There was sediment accretion in the northern and middle areas of the wetland and in the Phragmites australis marsh in the southern area, and sediment erosion in the Scirpus mariqueter marsh and the bare mudflat in the southem area. More SOC accumulated in sediments of the vegetated marsh than in the bare mudflat. The total organic carbon （TOC） stocks increased in the above-ground biomass from spring to autumn and decreased in winter; in the below-ground biomass, they gradually increased from spring to winter. The TOC stocks were higher in the below-ground biomass than in the above-ground biomass in the P. australis and Spartina alterniflora marshes, but were lower in the below-ground biomass in S. mariqueter marsh. Stocks of SOC showed temporal variation and increased gradually in all transects from spring to winter. The SOC stocks tended to decrease from the high marsh down to the bare mudflat along the three transects in the order： P. australis marsh 〉 S. alterniflora marsh 〉 S. mariqueter marsh 〉 bare mudflat. The SOC stocks of the same vegetation type were higher in the northern and middle transects than in the southern transect. These results suggest that interactions between sedimentation and vegetation regulate the SOC stocks in the coastal wetland in the Changjiang estuary.
