To better understand the spatial-temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure and its controlling factors in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, North China, four seasonal sampling were carried out in 2017. The phytopla...To better understand the spatial-temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure and its controlling factors in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, North China, four seasonal sampling were carried out in 2017. The phytoplankton community structure and various environmental parameters were examined. The phytoplankton community in the bay was composed of mainly diatoms and dinofl agellates, and several other species of Chrysophyta were also observed. Diatoms were the most dominant phytoplankton group throughout the year, except in spring and winter, when Noctiluca scintillans was co-dominant. High Si/N ratios in summer and fall refl ect the high dominance of diatoms in the two seasons. Temporally, the phytoplankton cell abundance peaked in summer, due mainly to the high temperatures and nutrient concentrations in summer. Spatially, the phytoplankton cell abundance was higher in the northern part of the bay than in the other parts of the bay in four seasons. The diatom cell abundances show signifi cant positive correlations with the nutrient concentrations, while the dinofl agellate cell abundances show no correlation or a negative correlation with the nutrient concentrations but a signifi cant positive correlation with the stratifi cation index. This discrepancy was mainly due to the diff erent survival strategies between diatoms and dinofl agellates. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( H′) values in the bay ranged from 0.08 to 4.18, which fell in the range reported in historical studies. The distribution pattern of H′ values was quite diff erent from that of chlorophyll a , indicating that the phytoplankton community structure might have high biomass with a low diversity index. Compared with historical studies, we believe that the dominant phytoplankton species have been changed in recent years due mainly to the changing environment in the Jiaozhou Bay in recent 30 years.展开更多
Vertical and seasonal distributions of flying beetles were investigated in asuburban temperate deciduous forest in Kanazawa, Japan using water pan traps to determine the abundance and composition among vertical strata...Vertical and seasonal distributions of flying beetles were investigated in asuburban temperate deciduous forest in Kanazawa, Japan using water pan traps to determine the abundance and composition among vertical strata, change in the abundance and composition through seasons and determinant factors in generating the distributions. Traps were placed at three levels (0.5 m, 10 m, and 20 m above ground) on a tower. Samplings were carried out seasonally from May to November in 1999 and 2000. Variations in the abundance of flying beetles were observed from different layers. The results showed that the abundance and composition of flying beetles varied among strata and seasons. In both 1999 and 2000,Elateridae was consistently most abundant in the bottom layer, while Attelabidae and Cantharidae were most abundant in the upper layer. In 1999, Eucnemidae and overall scavengers were most abundance in the bottom layer, but results were not consistent with those in 2000. In general, the abundance of herbivores reaches a peak in the early season(May/June) and decreases in the following months. Peaks of abundance in predators vary vertically. In the bottom layer a peak was observed in the early season (May/June), while in the upper layer this was observed in July. Scavengers had two peaks, in May/June and September. These patterns indicated that vertical distributions in the abundance of differentfeeding guilds varied through seasons.展开更多
The seasonal fluctuation of the plasmodia ofMyxobolus gibelioiWu et Wang, 1982 in the gill filaments of the allogynogenetic gibel carpCarassius auratus gibelio(Bloch) in a fish pond in Hubei Province of China was inve...The seasonal fluctuation of the plasmodia ofMyxobolus gibelioiWu et Wang, 1982 in the gill filaments of the allogynogenetic gibel carpCarassius auratus gibelio(Bloch) in a fish pond in Hubei Province of China was investigated from August 1999 to July 2000. A total of 445 fish was examined; the overall prevalence of the plasmodium infection in the fish was 64.94% and mean abundance of plasmodia was 11.65 ± 27.85 (mean ± SD). Significant seasonal changes in prevalence and mean abundance, with higher levels of the plasmodia infection from late spring to autumn, were observed.展开更多
Population, seasonal abundance of the mysid Indomysis annandalei Tattersal (1914) from Karachi wat-ers (northern Arabian Sea) are studied. Occurrence of breeding females is noted and developmental stagesare described.
Anzali International wetland is located in the south coast of the Caspian Sea. Physicochemical analysis and zooplankton survey of the wetland were carried out on monthly basis for the period of one year from January 2...Anzali International wetland is located in the south coast of the Caspian Sea. Physicochemical analysis and zooplankton survey of the wetland were carried out on monthly basis for the period of one year from January 2012 to December 2013 at 9 different stations of Anzali wetland and its related channel to the Caspian Sea. Water temperature of the wetland followed more or less similar trend as that of air temperature. pH determined alkaline nature of the wetland ranging between 7.05 to 9.47, dissolved oxygen was recorded in the range of 3.36 mg/l to 10.51 mg/l while other parameters recorded were water temperature (10 to 23 C), Nitrate (0.48 to 4.36 mg/l), Total Phosphates (0.15 to 0.67 mg/l), Salinity (220 to 692 mg/l), Electrical Conductivity (235 to 1369 μs/cm), TDS (246 to 1971 mg/l), BOD (2 to 36 mg/l) and COD (4 to 74 mg/l). During study period, total 60 species of zooplankton were identified in four main groups such as Protozoa (22 sp.), Rotifera (29 sp.), Copepoda (5 sp.) and Cladocera (4 sp.). The highest numbers of zooplankton were recorded in summer months and lowest in winter which is the second rainy season of this area. The water body is receiving domestic discharge, agricultural run-off and industrial wastes leading to large amount of nutrient inputs to the ecosystem which indicates the eutrophic statue of the wetland. The aim of present study was to investigate the interrelationship between physicochemical factors and zooplankton population in context of their seasonal abundance.展开更多
Background:Larval source management(LSM),which requires an understanding of the ecology and composition of the local mosquito fauna,is an important parameter in successful vector control programmes.The present study w...Background:Larval source management(LSM),which requires an understanding of the ecology and composition of the local mosquito fauna,is an important parameter in successful vector control programmes.The present study was conducted to understand the distribution of larval habitats,species composition and factors associated with the seasonal abundance of mosquito larvae in Gezira irrigation Scheme in Gezira state,central Sudan.Methods:Cross-sectional larval surveys were carried out in the communities of Barakat(urban)and El-Kareiba(semi-urban),in Wad Madani,Gezira.A standard dipper was used for sampling larvae in all possible breeding sites and enamel bowls were employed for larvae sorting.Habitats were characterised using physical features and all larvae specimens were identified morphologically.Results:A total of 331 larval habitats were surveyed,out of which 166 were found to be positive breeding sites for Anopheles(56.78%),Culicinae(29.67%)and Aedes(13.55%)species.A total of 5525 larvae collected were categorised as Culex(2617,47.37%),Anopheles(2600,47.06%)and Aedes(308,5.57%).There was a high number of positive habitats during the rainy season,while the lowest proportion was reported during the hot dry season,in both study sites(Barakat[χ^(2)=10.641,P=0.0090],El-Kareiba[χ^(2)=23.765,P=0.0001]).The main breeding site for Anopheles larvae was leaking water pipes(51.5%),followed by irrigation channels(34.2%),hoof prints(6.4%),tyre tracks(5.5%)and water tanks(2.4%).A logistic regression analysis showed that the abundance of Anopheles larvae was reduced by the presence of predators(backswimmers,tadpoles)and grass cover.Adult productivity(number of adult females emerged/m2)was not homogeneousfor all habitats;the highest productivity was found in irrigation channels(0.78 females/m2)for Anopheles,and in septic tanks(2.86 females/m2)for Culicinae and(0.86 females/m2)for Aedes.Anopheles arabiensis was found to be the dominant Anopheles species.This study documented the presence of An.funestus in central Sudan for the f展开更多
该文报道在广州市郊采获蚋的种类及其主要蚋种幼期的季节消长。在调查发现的4种蚋中,以黄足真蚋(Simulium(Eus imul ium)aureohirtum)为最多,其幼虫数占采获幼虫总数的94.2%,五条蚋(S.(Simulium)quinauest r iatum)占4.8%,后宽绳蚋(S.(G...该文报道在广州市郊采获蚋的种类及其主要蚋种幼期的季节消长。在调查发现的4种蚋中,以黄足真蚋(Simulium(Eus imul ium)aureohirtum)为最多,其幼虫数占采获幼虫总数的94.2%,五条蚋(S.(Simulium)quinauest r iatum)占4.8%,后宽绳蚋(S.(Gomphost il bia)metatarsale)和手指蚋(S.(S)digi tatum)为数甚少。黄足真蚋幼虫和蛹在该溪流中终年均可生长发育,全年于5月和11月出现两个较大的数量高峰。展开更多
Seasonal abundance, reproductive biology and feeding ecology of the bushveld gerbil Tatera leucogaster (Peters,1852) were investigated in small-scale maize field–fallow land mosaics in south-western Tanzania. The ger...Seasonal abundance, reproductive biology and feeding ecology of the bushveld gerbil Tatera leucogaster (Peters,1852) were investigated in small-scale maize field–fallow land mosaics in south-western Tanzania. The gerbilswere collected over a 2-year period using Sherman live and Victor hold-fast snap traps in permanent 4.5-ha grids. Atotal of 664 individuals were captured over 13 650 trap nights, giving an overall trap success rate of 4.9%. Trapsuccess varied between seasons with and without crops in the field but not between habitat types. At this site, thebreeding activity of this species is seasonal. All individuals whose stomachs were analyzed ate a wide range ofitems, indicating omnivory in this species at this site;however, seeds were the most preferred diet category, with amean contribution of 50.4%, followed by arthropods, with a mean contribution of 25.7%. Other plant materialsbecame important during the very dry periods.展开更多
I thought I was prepared for the cultural differences between the US and China.I knew about food,traffic,and even household management.I was not prepared to see the abundance of camouflage1 in fashion2.I come from a h...I thought I was prepared for the cultural differences between the US and China.I knew about food,traffic,and even household management.I was not prepared to see the abundance of camouflage1 in fashion2.I come from a hunting subculture where camouflage（＂camo＂for short）has fall seasonal applications to the point of becoming fashionable in America．展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31700425,91751202)the Innovation Plan of Science and Technology for Aoshan(No.2016ASKJ02)the Health Assessment and Decision Support System for Coastal Ecosystem(No.XDA19060204)
文摘To better understand the spatial-temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure and its controlling factors in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, North China, four seasonal sampling were carried out in 2017. The phytoplankton community structure and various environmental parameters were examined. The phytoplankton community in the bay was composed of mainly diatoms and dinofl agellates, and several other species of Chrysophyta were also observed. Diatoms were the most dominant phytoplankton group throughout the year, except in spring and winter, when Noctiluca scintillans was co-dominant. High Si/N ratios in summer and fall refl ect the high dominance of diatoms in the two seasons. Temporally, the phytoplankton cell abundance peaked in summer, due mainly to the high temperatures and nutrient concentrations in summer. Spatially, the phytoplankton cell abundance was higher in the northern part of the bay than in the other parts of the bay in four seasons. The diatom cell abundances show signifi cant positive correlations with the nutrient concentrations, while the dinofl agellate cell abundances show no correlation or a negative correlation with the nutrient concentrations but a signifi cant positive correlation with the stratifi cation index. This discrepancy was mainly due to the diff erent survival strategies between diatoms and dinofl agellates. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( H′) values in the bay ranged from 0.08 to 4.18, which fell in the range reported in historical studies. The distribution pattern of H′ values was quite diff erent from that of chlorophyll a , indicating that the phytoplankton community structure might have high biomass with a low diversity index. Compared with historical studies, we believe that the dominant phytoplankton species have been changed in recent years due mainly to the changing environment in the Jiaozhou Bay in recent 30 years.
文摘Vertical and seasonal distributions of flying beetles were investigated in asuburban temperate deciduous forest in Kanazawa, Japan using water pan traps to determine the abundance and composition among vertical strata, change in the abundance and composition through seasons and determinant factors in generating the distributions. Traps were placed at three levels (0.5 m, 10 m, and 20 m above ground) on a tower. Samplings were carried out seasonally from May to November in 1999 and 2000. Variations in the abundance of flying beetles were observed from different layers. The results showed that the abundance and composition of flying beetles varied among strata and seasons. In both 1999 and 2000,Elateridae was consistently most abundant in the bottom layer, while Attelabidae and Cantharidae were most abundant in the upper layer. In 1999, Eucnemidae and overall scavengers were most abundance in the bottom layer, but results were not consistent with those in 2000. In general, the abundance of herbivores reaches a peak in the early season(May/June) and decreases in the following months. Peaks of abundance in predators vary vertically. In the bottom layer a peak was observed in the early season (May/June), while in the upper layer this was observed in July. Scavengers had two peaks, in May/June and September. These patterns indicated that vertical distributions in the abundance of differentfeeding guilds varied through seasons.
文摘The seasonal fluctuation of the plasmodia ofMyxobolus gibelioiWu et Wang, 1982 in the gill filaments of the allogynogenetic gibel carpCarassius auratus gibelio(Bloch) in a fish pond in Hubei Province of China was investigated from August 1999 to July 2000. A total of 445 fish was examined; the overall prevalence of the plasmodium infection in the fish was 64.94% and mean abundance of plasmodia was 11.65 ± 27.85 (mean ± SD). Significant seasonal changes in prevalence and mean abundance, with higher levels of the plasmodia infection from late spring to autumn, were observed.
文摘Population, seasonal abundance of the mysid Indomysis annandalei Tattersal (1914) from Karachi wat-ers (northern Arabian Sea) are studied. Occurrence of breeding females is noted and developmental stagesare described.
文摘Anzali International wetland is located in the south coast of the Caspian Sea. Physicochemical analysis and zooplankton survey of the wetland were carried out on monthly basis for the period of one year from January 2012 to December 2013 at 9 different stations of Anzali wetland and its related channel to the Caspian Sea. Water temperature of the wetland followed more or less similar trend as that of air temperature. pH determined alkaline nature of the wetland ranging between 7.05 to 9.47, dissolved oxygen was recorded in the range of 3.36 mg/l to 10.51 mg/l while other parameters recorded were water temperature (10 to 23 C), Nitrate (0.48 to 4.36 mg/l), Total Phosphates (0.15 to 0.67 mg/l), Salinity (220 to 692 mg/l), Electrical Conductivity (235 to 1369 μs/cm), TDS (246 to 1971 mg/l), BOD (2 to 36 mg/l) and COD (4 to 74 mg/l). During study period, total 60 species of zooplankton were identified in four main groups such as Protozoa (22 sp.), Rotifera (29 sp.), Copepoda (5 sp.) and Cladocera (4 sp.). The highest numbers of zooplankton were recorded in summer months and lowest in winter which is the second rainy season of this area. The water body is receiving domestic discharge, agricultural run-off and industrial wastes leading to large amount of nutrient inputs to the ecosystem which indicates the eutrophic statue of the wetland. The aim of present study was to investigate the interrelationship between physicochemical factors and zooplankton population in context of their seasonal abundance.
基金This study obtained financial assistance from NMCP Federal Ministry of Health,Sudan。
文摘Background:Larval source management(LSM),which requires an understanding of the ecology and composition of the local mosquito fauna,is an important parameter in successful vector control programmes.The present study was conducted to understand the distribution of larval habitats,species composition and factors associated with the seasonal abundance of mosquito larvae in Gezira irrigation Scheme in Gezira state,central Sudan.Methods:Cross-sectional larval surveys were carried out in the communities of Barakat(urban)and El-Kareiba(semi-urban),in Wad Madani,Gezira.A standard dipper was used for sampling larvae in all possible breeding sites and enamel bowls were employed for larvae sorting.Habitats were characterised using physical features and all larvae specimens were identified morphologically.Results:A total of 331 larval habitats were surveyed,out of which 166 were found to be positive breeding sites for Anopheles(56.78%),Culicinae(29.67%)and Aedes(13.55%)species.A total of 5525 larvae collected were categorised as Culex(2617,47.37%),Anopheles(2600,47.06%)and Aedes(308,5.57%).There was a high number of positive habitats during the rainy season,while the lowest proportion was reported during the hot dry season,in both study sites(Barakat[χ^(2)=10.641,P=0.0090],El-Kareiba[χ^(2)=23.765,P=0.0001]).The main breeding site for Anopheles larvae was leaking water pipes(51.5%),followed by irrigation channels(34.2%),hoof prints(6.4%),tyre tracks(5.5%)and water tanks(2.4%).A logistic regression analysis showed that the abundance of Anopheles larvae was reduced by the presence of predators(backswimmers,tadpoles)and grass cover.Adult productivity(number of adult females emerged/m2)was not homogeneousfor all habitats;the highest productivity was found in irrigation channels(0.78 females/m2)for Anopheles,and in septic tanks(2.86 females/m2)for Culicinae and(0.86 females/m2)for Aedes.Anopheles arabiensis was found to be the dominant Anopheles species.This study documented the presence of An.funestus in central Sudan for the f
文摘该文报道在广州市郊采获蚋的种类及其主要蚋种幼期的季节消长。在调查发现的4种蚋中,以黄足真蚋(Simulium(Eus imul ium)aureohirtum)为最多,其幼虫数占采获幼虫总数的94.2%,五条蚋(S.(Simulium)quinauest r iatum)占4.8%,后宽绳蚋(S.(Gomphost il bia)metatarsale)和手指蚋(S.(S)digi tatum)为数甚少。黄足真蚋幼虫和蛹在该溪流中终年均可生长发育,全年于5月和11月出现两个较大的数量高峰。
文摘Seasonal abundance, reproductive biology and feeding ecology of the bushveld gerbil Tatera leucogaster (Peters,1852) were investigated in small-scale maize field–fallow land mosaics in south-western Tanzania. The gerbilswere collected over a 2-year period using Sherman live and Victor hold-fast snap traps in permanent 4.5-ha grids. Atotal of 664 individuals were captured over 13 650 trap nights, giving an overall trap success rate of 4.9%. Trapsuccess varied between seasons with and without crops in the field but not between habitat types. At this site, thebreeding activity of this species is seasonal. All individuals whose stomachs were analyzed ate a wide range ofitems, indicating omnivory in this species at this site;however, seeds were the most preferred diet category, with amean contribution of 50.4%, followed by arthropods, with a mean contribution of 25.7%. Other plant materialsbecame important during the very dry periods.
文摘I thought I was prepared for the cultural differences between the US and China.I knew about food,traffic,and even household management.I was not prepared to see the abundance of camouflage1 in fashion2.I come from a hunting subculture where camouflage（＂camo＂for short）has fall seasonal applications to the point of becoming fashionable in America．
