BACKGROUND Bone metastasis has various negative impacts.Activities of daily living(ADL)and quality of life(QOL)can be significantly decreased,survival may be impacted,and medical expenses may increase.It is estimated ...BACKGROUND Bone metastasis has various negative impacts.Activities of daily living(ADL)and quality of life(QOL)can be significantly decreased,survival may be impacted,and medical expenses may increase.It is estimated that at least 5%cancer patients might be suffering from bone metastases.In 2016,we published the Comprehensive Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastasis.Since then,the therapeutic outcomes for patients have gradually improved.As life expectancy is a major determinant of surgical intervention,the strategy should be modified if the prolongation of survival is to be achieved.AIM To monitor how bone metastasis treatment has changed before and after launch of our guidelines for bone metastasis.METHODS For advanced cancer patients with bone metastasis who visited the Department of Clinical Oncology at Akita University hospital between 2012 and 2023,parameters including the site and number of bone metastases,laboratory data,and survival time,were extracted from electronic medical records and the Katagiri score was calculated.The association with survival was determined for each factor.RESULTS Data from 136 patients were obtained.The 1-year survival rate for the poor prognosis group with a higher Katagiri score was 20.0%in this study,which was 6%and an apparent improvement from 2014 when the scoring system was developed.Other factors significantly affecting survival included five or more bone metastases than less(P=0.0080),and treatment with chemotherapy(P<0.001),bone modifying agents(P=0.0175)and immune checkpoint inhibitors(P=0.0128).In recent years,advances in various treatment methods have extended the survival period for patients with advanced cancer.It is necessary not only to simply extend survival time,but also to maintain ADL and improve QOL.CONCLUSION Various therapeutic interventions including surgical approach for bone metastasis,which is a disorder of locomotor organs,are increasingly required.Guidelines and scoring system for prognosis need to be revised promptly.展开更多
Large-scale virtual scene exploration is still a challenging task. The novice users caneasily get distracted and disorientated, which results in being lost in space. Assistedcamera control technology is the most effec...Large-scale virtual scene exploration is still a challenging task. The novice users caneasily get distracted and disorientated, which results in being lost in space. Assistedcamera control technology is the most effective solution for virtual environment exploration problems which requires viewpoint computation and path planning. In this paper,a novel approach for large-scale virtual scene based on viewpoint scoring is proposed.First, the scene was adaptively divided into several meaningful and easily analyzedsubregions according to the optimal view distance criterion. Second, a novel viewpointscoring method based on visual perception and information entropy fusion was developed for optimal viewpoint determination and greedy N-Best viewpoint selection algorithm was utilized for visual perceptibility calculation. Then evolutionary programmingapproach for the Traveling Salesman problem was applied for intra-subregion and intersubregion exploring path optimization. Finally, the Cubic Hermite Curve was introduced to smoothen the inflection point on the exploration path. The experimental resultsdemonstrate that the proposed method can effectively generate an automatic smooth,informative, aesthetic and non-intersecting path, with the characteristics of good exploring comfort, strong immersion and high scene information perception.展开更多
Tunnel deformation monitoring is a crucial task to evaluate tunnel stability during the metro operation period.Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS)can collect high density and high accuracy point cloud data in a few minute...Tunnel deformation monitoring is a crucial task to evaluate tunnel stability during the metro operation period.Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS)can collect high density and high accuracy point cloud data in a few minutes as an innovation technique,which provides promising applications in tunnel deformation monitoring.Here,an efficient method for extracting tunnel cross-sections and convergence analysis using dense TLS point cloud data is proposed.First,the tunnel orientation is determined using principal component analysis(PCA)in the Euclidean plane.Two control points are introduced to detect and remove the unsuitable points by using point cloud division and then the ground points are removed by defining an elevation value width of 0.5 m.Next,a z-score method is introduced to detect and remove the outlies.Because the tunnel cross-section’s standard shape is round,the circle fitting is implemented using the least-squares method.Afterward,the convergence analysis is made at the angles of 0°,30°and 150°.The proposed approach’s feasibility is tested on a TLS point cloud of a Nanjing subway tunnel acquired using a FARO X330 laser scanner.The results indicate that the proposed methodology achieves an overall accuracy of 1.34 mm,which is also in agreement with the measurements acquired by a total station instrument.The proposed methodology provides new insights and references for the applications of TLS in tunnel deformation monitoring,which can also be extended to other engineering applications.展开更多
This paper studies the large sample properties of the change point estimates in binary response models. The estimate is obtained by maximizing the smoothed score function when the median of the latent error variable i...This paper studies the large sample properties of the change point estimates in binary response models. The estimate is obtained by maximizing the smoothed score function when the median of the latent error variable is assumed to be zero. An exponential convergence rate of the change point estimate is also established.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Bone metastasis has various negative impacts.Activities of daily living(ADL)and quality of life(QOL)can be significantly decreased,survival may be impacted,and medical expenses may increase.It is estimated that at least 5%cancer patients might be suffering from bone metastases.In 2016,we published the Comprehensive Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastasis.Since then,the therapeutic outcomes for patients have gradually improved.As life expectancy is a major determinant of surgical intervention,the strategy should be modified if the prolongation of survival is to be achieved.AIM To monitor how bone metastasis treatment has changed before and after launch of our guidelines for bone metastasis.METHODS For advanced cancer patients with bone metastasis who visited the Department of Clinical Oncology at Akita University hospital between 2012 and 2023,parameters including the site and number of bone metastases,laboratory data,and survival time,were extracted from electronic medical records and the Katagiri score was calculated.The association with survival was determined for each factor.RESULTS Data from 136 patients were obtained.The 1-year survival rate for the poor prognosis group with a higher Katagiri score was 20.0%in this study,which was 6%and an apparent improvement from 2014 when the scoring system was developed.Other factors significantly affecting survival included five or more bone metastases than less(P=0.0080),and treatment with chemotherapy(P<0.001),bone modifying agents(P=0.0175)and immune checkpoint inhibitors(P=0.0128).In recent years,advances in various treatment methods have extended the survival period for patients with advanced cancer.It is necessary not only to simply extend survival time,but also to maintain ADL and improve QOL.CONCLUSION Various therapeutic interventions including surgical approach for bone metastasis,which is a disorder of locomotor organs,are increasingly required.Guidelines and scoring system for prognosis need to be revised promptly.
文摘Large-scale virtual scene exploration is still a challenging task. The novice users caneasily get distracted and disorientated, which results in being lost in space. Assistedcamera control technology is the most effective solution for virtual environment exploration problems which requires viewpoint computation and path planning. In this paper,a novel approach for large-scale virtual scene based on viewpoint scoring is proposed.First, the scene was adaptively divided into several meaningful and easily analyzedsubregions according to the optimal view distance criterion. Second, a novel viewpointscoring method based on visual perception and information entropy fusion was developed for optimal viewpoint determination and greedy N-Best viewpoint selection algorithm was utilized for visual perceptibility calculation. Then evolutionary programmingapproach for the Traveling Salesman problem was applied for intra-subregion and intersubregion exploring path optimization. Finally, the Cubic Hermite Curve was introduced to smoothen the inflection point on the exploration path. The experimental resultsdemonstrate that the proposed method can effectively generate an automatic smooth,informative, aesthetic and non-intersecting path, with the characteristics of good exploring comfort, strong immersion and high scene information perception.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41801379)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019B08414)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0401801)。
文摘Tunnel deformation monitoring is a crucial task to evaluate tunnel stability during the metro operation period.Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS)can collect high density and high accuracy point cloud data in a few minutes as an innovation technique,which provides promising applications in tunnel deformation monitoring.Here,an efficient method for extracting tunnel cross-sections and convergence analysis using dense TLS point cloud data is proposed.First,the tunnel orientation is determined using principal component analysis(PCA)in the Euclidean plane.Two control points are introduced to detect and remove the unsuitable points by using point cloud division and then the ground points are removed by defining an elevation value width of 0.5 m.Next,a z-score method is introduced to detect and remove the outlies.Because the tunnel cross-section’s standard shape is round,the circle fitting is implemented using the least-squares method.Afterward,the convergence analysis is made at the angles of 0°,30°and 150°.The proposed approach’s feasibility is tested on a TLS point cloud of a Nanjing subway tunnel acquired using a FARO X330 laser scanner.The results indicate that the proposed methodology achieves an overall accuracy of 1.34 mm,which is also in agreement with the measurements acquired by a total station instrument.The proposed methodology provides new insights and references for the applications of TLS in tunnel deformation monitoring,which can also be extended to other engineering applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10471136)Ph.D.Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China and Special Foundations of the Chinese Academy of Science and University of Science and Technology of China
文摘This paper studies the large sample properties of the change point estimates in binary response models. The estimate is obtained by maximizing the smoothed score function when the median of the latent error variable is assumed to be zero. An exponential convergence rate of the change point estimate is also established.
