Permanent waving is very popular in Japan. Polypeptide chains (main chains) form the principal components of hair, and they are lined up longitudinally. Hair relaxation is also called straight permanent waving, and th...Permanent waving is very popular in Japan. Polypeptide chains (main chains) form the principal components of hair, and they are lined up longitudinally. Hair relaxation is also called straight permanent waving, and there are methods that change curly or wavy hair into straight hair. Hair damage as a result of winding, combing, and using high-temperature hairdressing irons is also often seen. By using scanning electron micrographs (SEM) we showed broken hairs and hair damage caused by permanent wave solutions. The hair damage is obvious when comparisons are made with the condition of the hair surface, condition of the cuticle, etc. Hair swelling by permanent wave solutions, manipulations such as winding, etc., inadequate rinsing with water, procedures on injured hair at the outset, etc., are considered possible reasons for any of these types of injury.展开更多
Transparent γ-LiAlO2 single crystal has been grown by Temperature Gradient technique. The surface of the wafer annealed in O2-atmosphere at 1100°C for 70 h became opaque and Li-poor phase (LiAl5O8); while, that ...Transparent γ-LiAlO2 single crystal has been grown by Temperature Gradient technique. The surface of the wafer annealed in O2-atmosphere at 1100°C for 70 h became opaque and Li-poor phase (LiAl5O8); while, that annealed in Li-rich atmosphere kept transparent and smooth. The full-width at half maximum value dropped to 30 arcsecs when the wafer was annealed in Li-rich atmosphere. That annealed in O2-atmosphere increased to 78 arcsec. Compared with absorption spectra, we can conclude that the 196 nm absorption peak was caused by Li vacancies and the 736 nm peak was caused by O vacancies.展开更多
文摘Permanent waving is very popular in Japan. Polypeptide chains (main chains) form the principal components of hair, and they are lined up longitudinally. Hair relaxation is also called straight permanent waving, and there are methods that change curly or wavy hair into straight hair. Hair damage as a result of winding, combing, and using high-temperature hairdressing irons is also often seen. By using scanning electron micrographs (SEM) we showed broken hairs and hair damage caused by permanent wave solutions. The hair damage is obvious when comparisons are made with the condition of the hair surface, condition of the cuticle, etc. Hair swelling by permanent wave solutions, manipulations such as winding, etc., inadequate rinsing with water, procedures on injured hair at the outset, etc., are considered possible reasons for any of these types of injury.
文摘Transparent γ-LiAlO2 single crystal has been grown by Temperature Gradient technique. The surface of the wafer annealed in O2-atmosphere at 1100°C for 70 h became opaque and Li-poor phase (LiAl5O8); while, that annealed in Li-rich atmosphere kept transparent and smooth. The full-width at half maximum value dropped to 30 arcsecs when the wafer was annealed in Li-rich atmosphere. That annealed in O2-atmosphere increased to 78 arcsec. Compared with absorption spectra, we can conclude that the 196 nm absorption peak was caused by Li vacancies and the 736 nm peak was caused by O vacancies.
