By using the global atmospheric general circulation model CAM4.0 including an urban canopy parameterization scheme,the possible impacts of large-scale urbanization in East China on East Asian winter monsoon was invest...By using the global atmospheric general circulation model CAM4.0 including an urban canopy parameterization scheme,the possible impacts of large-scale urbanization in East China on East Asian winter monsoon was investigated via idealized numerical experiments.Results suggest that large-scale urbanization can cause a significant warming effect in both surface temperature and air temperature near the surface over most areas of East China.Meanwhile,large-scale urbanization also alters the surface energy balance,causing evident increases in net surface long-wave radiation and sensible heat flux as well as intensified surface thermal heating to the atmosphere.Forced by the surface thermal heating anomalies induced by the large-scale urban expansion,East Asian winter monsoon circulation exhibits distinct changes.Overall,the extensive urbanization over East China will weaken East Asian winter monsoon,but intensify winter monsoon in northeast China.展开更多
目的评价不同压力性损伤风险评估工具对ICU患者压力性损伤风险预测的准确性,为准确筛查ICU压力性损伤风险患者提供依据。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、EMbase、Web of Science、中国知网、维普网、万方数据和中国...目的评价不同压力性损伤风险评估工具对ICU患者压力性损伤风险预测的准确性,为准确筛查ICU压力性损伤风险患者提供依据。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、EMbase、Web of Science、中国知网、维普网、万方数据和中国生物医学文献服务系统中ICU患者压力性损伤风险评估工具相关研究,经文献筛选、质量评价、资料提取后,采用ANOVA模型实现基于贝叶斯方法的诊断实验准确性网状Meta分析。结果共纳入28篇文献,共计11221例患者,涵盖12个压力性损伤风险评估工具。Meta分析结果显示,改良版Cubbin&Jackson量表优势指数最高,灵敏度[0.72,95%CI(0.59,0.82)],特异度[0.75,95%CI(0.63,0.84)],其次为EVARUCI量表,灵敏度[0.75,95%CI(0.54,0.90)],特异度[0.65,95%CI(0.42,0.83)];Braden量表优势指数最低,灵敏度[0.66,95%CI(0.62,0.71)],特异度[0.58,95%CI(0.54,0.61)]。结论改良版Cubbin&Jackson量表、EVARUCI量表具有较好的诊断试验准确性,临床医护人员评估ICU患者压力性损伤风险时可优先选用。展开更多
Aims:Paediatric pressure ulcers are a serious problem to healthcare service.Thus,effective and early identification of the risk of developing pressure ulcer is essential.The Braden Q scale is a widely used tool in the...Aims:Paediatric pressure ulcers are a serious problem to healthcare service.Thus,effective and early identification of the risk of developing pressure ulcer is essential.The Braden Q scale is a widely used tool in the risk assessment of paediatric pressure ulcer,but its predictive power is controversial.Hence,we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive power of the Braden Q scale for pressure ulcer in hospitalised children and offer recommendations for clinical decision.Methods:Studies that evaluated the predictive power of the Braden Q scale were searched through databases in English and Chinese,including Medline,Cochrane Library,Embase,CINAHL,SinoMed,CNKI,Wangfang and VIP.The studies were screened by two independent reviewers.QUADAS-2 was used to assess the risk of bias of eligible studies.Demographic data and predictive value indices were extracted.The pooled sensitivity,specificity and receiver operating characteristics(ROC)were calculated by MetaDiSc 1.4 using random-effects models.Results:Cochran Q=26.13(P=0.0036)indicated the existence of heterogeneity;the I2 for pooled DOR was 61.7%,suggesting significant heterogeneity among the included studies.The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.73(95%CI:0.67-0.78)and 0.61(95%CI:0.59-0.63),respectively,yielding a combined DOR of 3.47(95%CI:2-6.01).The area under the ROC curve was 0.7078±0.0421,and the overall diagnostic accuracy(Q*)was 0.6591±0.0337.Sensitivity analysis showed the results were robust.Conclusion:The Braden Q scale has moderate predictive validity with medium sensitivity and low specificity for pressure ulcers in hospitalised children.Further development and modification of this tool for use in paediatric population are warranted.展开更多
A large number of nanopores and complex fracture structures in shale reservoirs results in multi-scale flow of oil. With the development of shale oil reservoirs, the permeability of multi-scale media undergoes changes...A large number of nanopores and complex fracture structures in shale reservoirs results in multi-scale flow of oil. With the development of shale oil reservoirs, the permeability of multi-scale media undergoes changes due to stress sensitivity, which plays a crucial role in controlling pressure propagation and oil flow. This paper proposes a multi-scale coupled flow mathematical model of matrix nanopores, induced fractures, and hydraulic fractures. In this model, the micro-scale effects of shale oil flow in fractal nanopores, fractal induced fracture network, and stress sensitivity of multi-scale media are considered. We solved the model iteratively using Pedrosa transform, semi-analytic Segmented Bessel function, Laplace transform. The results of this model exhibit good agreement with the numerical solution and field production data, confirming the high accuracy of the model. As well, the influence of stress sensitivity on permeability, pressure and production is analyzed. It is shown that the permeability and production decrease significantly when induced fractures are weakly supported. Closed induced fractures can inhibit interporosity flow in the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). It has been shown in sensitivity analysis that hydraulic fractures are beneficial to early production, and induced fractures in SRV are beneficial to middle production. The model can characterize multi-scale flow characteristics of shale oil, providing theoretical guidance for rapid productivity evaluation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB428505 and 2011CB952004)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institu-tions(PAPD)
文摘By using the global atmospheric general circulation model CAM4.0 including an urban canopy parameterization scheme,the possible impacts of large-scale urbanization in East China on East Asian winter monsoon was investigated via idealized numerical experiments.Results suggest that large-scale urbanization can cause a significant warming effect in both surface temperature and air temperature near the surface over most areas of East China.Meanwhile,large-scale urbanization also alters the surface energy balance,causing evident increases in net surface long-wave radiation and sensible heat flux as well as intensified surface thermal heating to the atmosphere.Forced by the surface thermal heating anomalies induced by the large-scale urban expansion,East Asian winter monsoon circulation exhibits distinct changes.Overall,the extensive urbanization over East China will weaken East Asian winter monsoon,but intensify winter monsoon in northeast China.
文摘目的评价不同压力性损伤风险评估工具对ICU患者压力性损伤风险预测的准确性,为准确筛查ICU压力性损伤风险患者提供依据。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、EMbase、Web of Science、中国知网、维普网、万方数据和中国生物医学文献服务系统中ICU患者压力性损伤风险评估工具相关研究,经文献筛选、质量评价、资料提取后,采用ANOVA模型实现基于贝叶斯方法的诊断实验准确性网状Meta分析。结果共纳入28篇文献,共计11221例患者,涵盖12个压力性损伤风险评估工具。Meta分析结果显示,改良版Cubbin&Jackson量表优势指数最高,灵敏度[0.72,95%CI(0.59,0.82)],特异度[0.75,95%CI(0.63,0.84)],其次为EVARUCI量表,灵敏度[0.75,95%CI(0.54,0.90)],特异度[0.65,95%CI(0.42,0.83)];Braden量表优势指数最低,灵敏度[0.66,95%CI(0.62,0.71)],特异度[0.58,95%CI(0.54,0.61)]。结论改良版Cubbin&Jackson量表、EVARUCI量表具有较好的诊断试验准确性,临床医护人员评估ICU患者压力性损伤风险时可优先选用。
文摘Aims:Paediatric pressure ulcers are a serious problem to healthcare service.Thus,effective and early identification of the risk of developing pressure ulcer is essential.The Braden Q scale is a widely used tool in the risk assessment of paediatric pressure ulcer,but its predictive power is controversial.Hence,we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive power of the Braden Q scale for pressure ulcer in hospitalised children and offer recommendations for clinical decision.Methods:Studies that evaluated the predictive power of the Braden Q scale were searched through databases in English and Chinese,including Medline,Cochrane Library,Embase,CINAHL,SinoMed,CNKI,Wangfang and VIP.The studies were screened by two independent reviewers.QUADAS-2 was used to assess the risk of bias of eligible studies.Demographic data and predictive value indices were extracted.The pooled sensitivity,specificity and receiver operating characteristics(ROC)were calculated by MetaDiSc 1.4 using random-effects models.Results:Cochran Q=26.13(P=0.0036)indicated the existence of heterogeneity;the I2 for pooled DOR was 61.7%,suggesting significant heterogeneity among the included studies.The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.73(95%CI:0.67-0.78)and 0.61(95%CI:0.59-0.63),respectively,yielding a combined DOR of 3.47(95%CI:2-6.01).The area under the ROC curve was 0.7078±0.0421,and the overall diagnostic accuracy(Q*)was 0.6591±0.0337.Sensitivity analysis showed the results were robust.Conclusion:The Braden Q scale has moderate predictive validity with medium sensitivity and low specificity for pressure ulcers in hospitalised children.Further development and modification of this tool for use in paediatric population are warranted.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B2075,52274056,51974356).
文摘A large number of nanopores and complex fracture structures in shale reservoirs results in multi-scale flow of oil. With the development of shale oil reservoirs, the permeability of multi-scale media undergoes changes due to stress sensitivity, which plays a crucial role in controlling pressure propagation and oil flow. This paper proposes a multi-scale coupled flow mathematical model of matrix nanopores, induced fractures, and hydraulic fractures. In this model, the micro-scale effects of shale oil flow in fractal nanopores, fractal induced fracture network, and stress sensitivity of multi-scale media are considered. We solved the model iteratively using Pedrosa transform, semi-analytic Segmented Bessel function, Laplace transform. The results of this model exhibit good agreement with the numerical solution and field production data, confirming the high accuracy of the model. As well, the influence of stress sensitivity on permeability, pressure and production is analyzed. It is shown that the permeability and production decrease significantly when induced fractures are weakly supported. Closed induced fractures can inhibit interporosity flow in the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). It has been shown in sensitivity analysis that hydraulic fractures are beneficial to early production, and induced fractures in SRV are beneficial to middle production. The model can characterize multi-scale flow characteristics of shale oil, providing theoretical guidance for rapid productivity evaluation.
